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Private Certification Versus Public Certification In The International Environmental Arena, Patricia A. Moye
Private Certification Versus Public Certification In The International Environmental Arena, Patricia A. Moye
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
In recent decades, the world's various fisheries have seen a number of problems, primarily depletion of fish stocks due to overfishing. While the UN has created some soft law, including sustainable fishing standards, to deal with the problem of fisheries depletion, no binding international laws currently exist. Several entities have decided to deal with the problem on their own, through eco-labeling programs. The Marine Stewardship Council, a private entity not directly affiliated with the government of any country, has created such a program. In addition, some governments have created similar programs, including Japan through its Marine Eco-Label Japan program. While …
The Marine Mammal Protection Act And International Protection Of Cetaceans: A Unilateral Attempt To Effectuate Transnational Conservation, Laura L. Lones
The Marine Mammal Protection Act And International Protection Of Cetaceans: A Unilateral Attempt To Effectuate Transnational Conservation, Laura L. Lones
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
This Note examines how the United States has used the Marine Mammal Protection Act to further international protection of cetaceans--dolphins, porpoises, and whales. The author first reviews the manifold reasons for protecting cetaceans. The author next describes the international operation of the Act as amended in 1984 by surveying those sections that have an impact on United States relations with other states and the regulations and cases that implement those sections. The author concludes that these restrictions have produced a decline in porpoise mortality, although more can be done. The author next describes the successes of the Act's treaty program. …
The Role Of Unilateral State Action In Preventing International Environmental Injury, Richard B. Bilder
The Role Of Unilateral State Action In Preventing International Environmental Injury, Richard B. Bilder
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
This discussion suggests that unilateral state action to prevent international environmental injury is likely to play an important and continuing role in efforts to deal with international environmental problems. It also suggests the futility of attempting to characterize unilateral action as inherently either desirable or undesirable. While multilateral actions seem generally preferable to unilateral action, effective multilateral arrangement in many cases may not be practically attainable. Unilateral action may be the only feasible alternative to inaction. Under these circumstances, a respectable argument can be made for the propriety of unilateral action on at least an interim basis pending achievement of …