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Geoelectrical Signatures Of The Giant Karaburun Pelitic-Mafic-Type Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Mineralization In The Central Pontides (Türkiye), Kurtuluş Günay, Türker Yas, Buğra Çavdar, Ertan Pekşen

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Karaburun deposit, hosted in greenschist facies metamorphic rocks, is a newly discovered giant volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit in Anatolia and provides an exceptional natural laboratory for geophysical monitoring. The main ore body is less affected by metamorphism than the surrounding wall-rocks, where metamorphic and metasomatic processes formed pyritemagnetite- sericite-quartz assemblages that significantly influence geoelectrical properties. In this study, the geometry and extent of mineralization within geologically defined target zones were investigated using direct current resistivity and two-dimensional timedomain induced polarization (2D-TDIP) methods and the results were compared with the geology. A pole–dipole electrode array was employed in the …

Hvsr-Based Resonance Analysis And Fault Zone Characterization In The El Paso Region, Alexandro Dominguez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) analysis offers an efficient method for characterizing near-surface structure, resolving sediment thickness, and identifying fault-controlled basin geometry in regions with strong impedance contrasts. This study applies HVSR techniques to continuous ambient-noise recordings collected across the El Paso region, a tectonically active segment of the southern Rio Grande Rift where accurate subsurface mapping is essential for seismic hazard assessment. Ambient-noise windows were processed, spectrally smoothed, and stacked to obtain stable HVSR curves, from which fundamental resonance frequencies and corresponding sediment-thickness estimates were derived. Spatial patterns in these resonance frequencies reveal pronounced basin asymmetry, abrupt lateral …

Bioerosion And Encrustation As Paleoenvironmental Indicators In Upper Cretaceous Corals, Aruma Formation, Saudi Arabia, Abdelbaset S. El-Sorogy, Huriye Demi̇rcan, Khaled Al-Kahtany, Taisser Zumlot, Talal Alharbi, Mohamed Tawfik

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

This study documents and interprets bioerosion and encrustation traces on Upper Cretaceous scleractinian corals from the Hajajah Member of the Aruma Formation in northern Khashm Buwaibiyat, central Saudi Arabia. Fieldwork in 2023 and 2024 involved detailed bed-by-bed stratigraphic logging, ichnological assessment, and fossil collection across marl and limestone units. A total of 213 coral specimens with bioerosional features were analyzed, leading to the identification of 10 ichnospecies across 5 ichnogenera, including Gastrochaenolites, Entobia, Caulostrepsis, Rogerella, and Labyrintichnus. These traces reflect a range of ethological categories, primarily domichnia, indicating permanent dwelling structures by polychaetes, sponges, bivalves, barnacles, and crustaceans. The Hajajah …

The Depositional Environment Of The Triassic Cow Branch Formation, Dan River Basin Of Virginia And North Carolina Through Petrographic Study And Geochemical Analysis, And In Relation To Taphonomic Processes And Vertebrate Morphology, Gina M. Workman

All Graduate Reports and Creative Projects, Fall 2023 to Present

The Upper Triassic Cow Branch Formation of the Dan River Basin, located in southern Virginia and northern North Carolina, has long captivated generations of geoscientists. Since the 1970s, researchers have sought to unravel the mystery surrounding the depositional environment of this ancient lake system. This world-class lagerstätte hosts a diverse assemblage of fossil fauna and flora, with a notable preservation bias toward fossil vertebrates, most prominently the archosauromorph, Tanytrachelos ahynis. The geology of the Cow Branch strata continues to evoke a persistent question: Are these sediments representative of a shallow or deep lake?

I undertook a petrographic and geochemical study …

Integrating Satellite Observations And Modeling Approaches To Study Tectonic And Land Surface Hazards, Jeng Hann Chong

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

The increasing availability of Earth observation satellites, such as SAR and optical platforms, has improved our ability to study the ground deformation processes during, after, and leading up to these natural hazards, such as earthquakes and debris flows. In this dissertation, I analyze satellite geodetic interseismic velocities across the Rakhine-Bangladesh megathrust and the influence of having realistic modeling assumptions for subduction zones to better constrain seismic hazard. I also examined changes in post-fire debris flow likelihood four years after the 2020 Lake Fire in Southern California using a suite of satellite data and field observations. Together, these studies highlight how …

Mechanisms Of Gold Enrichment In Seafloor Massive Sulfide Deposits: A Study On The Higashi-Aogashima Hydrothermal Field, Claudia Martinez

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The study of Seafloor Massive Sulfides (SMS) deposit formation is vital for assessing both the economic potential and environmental risks posed by future marine mining projects. Metal-rich SMS deposits form in hydrothermal vent systems within tectonically active regions, such as back-arc basins, where faults enhance crustal permeability, enabling fluid migration driven by magmatic heat sources at depth in the crust. Currently our understanding of SMS formation processes is based on bulk-rock geochemical and isotopic data, lacking the necessary spatial and temporal resolution to understand ore forming processes. As a result, critical gaps remain in understanding the exact mechanisms responsible for …

Developmental Pattern Of Water Flowing Fractured Zones In The Soil-Bedrock-Type Overburden And Water-Controlled Mining Strategy Under A Super-Large Mining Height, Zhang Yujun, Hua Zhaolai, Song Yejie, Hu Haoyu, Li Jiawei

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background The heights of water flowing fractured zones represent a key concern in the prevention and control of water disasters occurring in mining face roofs and water resource protection of coal mines. Varying lithologies and structures of the overburden are identified as primary factors governing the height and characteristic differences of water flowing fractured zones. Methods Against the engineering background of a mining face with 10 m super-large mining height in the Caojiatan Coal Mine of Shaanxi Province, this study investigated the differences in the mining-induced responses of the soil-bedrock-type overburden using numerical simulations of stress-seepage coupling and measured heights …

Deformation And Earthquake Potential On The North America - Caribbean - Cocos Triple Junction In Guatemala, Jeremy Maurer, Andreas Eckert, Qiaoqi Sun, Jonathan Obrist-Farner

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The triple junction between the Cocos (CO), North American (NA), and Caribbean (CA) tectonic plates in Guatemala is a region of high seismic risk and includes many large faults and historic earthquakes. Previous analyses of the tectonic system have been overly simplified, resulting in discrepancies between geologically derived and geodetic models of fault slip rate. This study leverages available geodetic, seismic, and geologic data to develop new strain rate maps and faulting models for the region. We find that locking on the regional faults matches historic reports of large earthquakes and that multiple minor fault segments are active and accommodate …

U-Pb Calcite Geochronology, Epr, Geochemistry, And C-O-Sr Isotopes Of Ancient Marbles In The İznik Region (Bursa-Türkiye), Namik Aysal, Özge Karslioğlu, Emre Erdem, Marcel Guillong, Si̇nan Öngen, İbrahi̇m Tonguç Uysal, Ersi̇n Kaygisiz, İpek Deni̇z Yildirim

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The İznik city (ancient Nicaea), located east of Lake İznik (known as -“Bithynia” in ancient times), has been an important political and cultural centre of Asia Minor since the Hellenistic period. Marbles produced in the quarries in the vicinity (Ömerli and İnikli villages, Deliktaş-Sarıtaş hills) were used both in the construction of the walls and in many ancient works in the city. Approximately eighteen ancient marble quarries producing grey and white marbles were investigated in the region. Petrography, EPR, XRD, C-O-Sr isotope and whole rock geochemistry analyses were performed for characterization of the samples collected from the quarries for the …

Siliciclastic Cave Or Diamond Mine? Multiapproach Investigation In Igatu Village, Chapada Diamantina, Northeastern Brazil, Raphael Parra, Ricardo G. F. De A. Pereira, Leonardo F. Vieira, Rubson P. Maia

International Journal of Speleology

The territory around Igatu, as that of many villages in southeastern Chapada Diamantina (Bahia, Brazil), was deeply modified by diamond mine activity. Caves were special targets for miners, since they can act as diamond-bearing sediment traps, and the Canal da Fumaça Cave was one of the most important and rich of them. The question that arises is whether the formation is a natural cave or an artificial diamond mine. In order to answer this question, we developed speleological and geological studies with detailed cave surveys, remote sensing and field measurements for structural analysis, optical and electronic microscope for petrographic characterization, …

Apatite Chemistry From The Xv Ioa Deposit, The Bafq–Saqand Metallogenic Province (Bsmp), Central Iran: Constrains On The Genesis Of Ioa Deposits, Sakine Amraei, Majid Ghasemi Siani, Mohammad Yazdi, Liang Qiu, Chang–Zhi Wu, Minghua Ren, Shahrokh Rajabpour

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

In this study, we present petrographical and microanalytical (EPMA, LA–ICP–MS) results of apatites associated with Fe–Ti±P mineralization in the XV deposit in the BSMP. Apatite is predominantly observed as subhedral to euhedral, homogeneous grains, with no zoning or inclusions. Geochemically, apatite is fluorapatite of magmatic origin, with Cl/OH and Cl/F ratios of <0.05 and 0.01 to 0.07, respectively. Apatites from XV and other IOA deposits in the BSMP display a high F/Cl ratio, which is likely the main characteristic of IOA–type deposits such as the Kiruna-type deposit. Apatites from both rock types (gabbro and pyroxenite) exhibit similar rare earth elements (REEs) and multitrace element patterns, indicative of a shared origin. The highly light rare earth elements (LREEs)–enriched pattern in chondrite–normalized fractionation trends, along with positive Eu and slight negative Ce anomalies, as well the high (La/Sm)N and (La/Yb)N ratios of XV apatite, further corroborates the magmatic genesis of fluorapatite. The Eu/Eu* and Ce/Ce* ratios in XV rocks imply a high oxidation condition, as well as other IOA deposits in BSMP. The sulfur content is less than 1 wt% and shows a positive correlation with SiO2, implying coupled dissolution–reprecipitation of primary fluorapatite. Considering the geological setting of XV and other IOA deposits in the BSMP, the parental magma(s) appear to have originated from oxidizing Fe-Ti±P-rich magma(s), likely formed within an extensional postcollisional setting, influenced by the Proto–Tethys and Central Iranian Microcontinent (CIMC) convergence events.

Earth Analogue Analysis Of Volcanic/Tectonic Interactions With Applications To Venusian Stresses, Michael Ortigoza

Theses and Dissertations

Venus shares many geological similarities with Earth, yet its tectonic processes and magma injection mechanisms remain poorly understood. A key question in planetary geology is how effusive volcanism persists despite the intense horizontal compression terrestrial bodies experience over time. To explore these issues, we examine the Spanish Peaks dike swarm in Colorado which serves as an ideal site for investigating magma intrusion under compressive stress conditions. Through field mapping, orientation measurements, and structural analysis, we identify a strong relationship between pre-existing joints and dike orientations, suggesting that these fractures serve as critical magma pathways in compressive regimes. Additionally, evidence of …

Key Technologies For Surface Control Of Gas Dynamic Disasters In Coal Mines And Their Application, Wang Bo, Xu Fengyin, Liu Wenge, Shao Sihua, Wang Ning, Wen Jiandong, Cheng Guoxi, Qu Zhenghui, Xie Yadong, Han Jiaye, Li Zhi, Xu Bo, Yang Weihua, Zhang Yiteng, Li Changxing

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective and Significance As the coal mining depth increases, coal mining faces increasingly prominent challenges including coal and gas outbursts, rock bursts, and compound dynamic disasters. Deepening the understanding of disaster-causing mechanisms and developing diversified prevention and control technologies are significant for the safe production of coal mines. Employing the key technologies for coalbed methane (CBM) production to control gas-related dynamic disasters is an inevitable course for the safe production of coal mines. However, large-scale, suitable technology systems are yet to be developed. Methods From the perspective of the application of key technologies for surface CBM production, this study systematically …

New Petrographic And Geochemical Constraints On Pre-Eruptive Storage Conditions And Their Control On Eruptive Styles In Martinique’S Recent Volcanic Systems, Abigail Martens

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation investigates the volcanic systems of Martinique Island, focusing on magma storage conditions, magmatic evolution, and eruption dynamics. Chapter 3 presents a petrographic analysis of volcanic rocks from the island’s old, intermediate, and recent arcs, examining the evolution of plagioclase textures and the increasing abundance of other mineral phases, such as pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, and quartz, which provide insights into changing magmatic conditions. The main research is divided into two projects. Chapter 4 addresses the pre-eruptive storage conditions (pressure and temperature) of magmas beneath recent (<5 Ma) volcanic complexes (Morne Jacob, Piton du Carbet, Trois Îlets, Mt. Conil, and Mt. Pelée), exploring magma evolution, crystallization, and the role of lower crustal injections and flank collapses in triggering eruptions. Results reveal variable magma storage depths (<6 km), with significant temperature and pressure variations, indicating complex magmatic systems. Chapter 5 focuses on the Roches-Genty ignimbrite in southwestern Martinique, investigating its stratigraphy, geochemistry, and age using field mapping, grain size analysis, and 40Ar/39Ar dating. The study identifies two distinct sub-Plinian eruptive phases associated with the Dizac ignimbrite, with ages of 3.37 ± 0.14 Ma and 2.10 ± 0.26 Ma, providing insights into past explosive volcanic activity. Geochemical analysis confirms an andesitic composition, similar to regional volcanic systems. This dissertation enhances understanding of Martinique’s volcanic history, providing valuable insights into magmatic processes and eruption dynamics, with implications for volcanic hazard assessments in the Lesser Antilles.

Geological Technological Innovations And Contributions In The Exploration And Development Of The Shenfu Coalfield, Fan Limin

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background The discovery and exploration of the Shenfu coalfield (i.e., a Jurassic coalfield in northern Shaanxi Province) represent the most significant achievement in China’s coal industry during the 6th Five-Year Plan of the country, marking the onset of the strategic westward shift of China’s coal industry. The complex discovery and exploration processes of the Shenfu coalfield have yielded valuable technological innovations. A summary of advances in the geological exploration and research of this coalfield will provide significant implications and references for the geologic work and green development of major coal-producing areas in West China. Advances First, research on the coal …

Geological-Engineering Integrated Reconnaissance Survey Technology For Skylights As A Hidden Disaster-Causing Factor, Dong Mintao

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Skylights represent a primary hidden disaster factor in mines in the southern Yushen mining area within the Shanbei Jurassic coalfield, Shaanxi Province. Since they are hidden and difficult to detect, their distribution in the mining area remains unclear, posing pronounced safety hazards. This necessitates developing effective technical means to overcome challenges in the spatial exploration of skylights and ensure mine safety. Methods Focusing on a typical mine in the Yushen mining area as an example, this study explored the spatial distribution characteristics and types of skylights in the study area using the geological-engineering integrated reconnaissance survey technology that combines …

Easternmost Limit Of Sevier Orogeny, East-Central Utah Revisited, Kenneth R. Neuhauser

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Integrative field mapping combined with published and unpublished seismic profiles, support an inferred, easternmost limit of Sevier thrusting during Late Cretaceous foreland deformation in east-central Utah. East-verging thrust faults, drag folds, and chatter marks within Jurassic and Late-Cretaceous exposures at Ketobe Knob along the western margin of Cedar Mountain in the northwestern and central parts of the San Rafael Swell and within the western zone of the Colorado Plateau provide evidence for a more easterly expression of the Sevier Thrust Front. Offset is accomplished by bedding-parallel slippage along less competent shales and siltstones and by oblique ramping across more competent …

Characterization Of Stone Materials From The Roman Caracalla Bath In Ancyra, Zeynep Tanriverdi̇, Ali̇ Akin Akyol, Yusuf Kağan Kadioğlu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Roman Caracalla Bath was built during the reign of Roman Emperor Caracalla (circa AD 200). Today it exists only inthe form of wall remnants at the foundation level and functions as an open-air museum. It is located on a mound approximately 2.5-mhigh along Ulus’s Çankırı Street in Ankara. This research paper aims to identify the characterization and implications for provenance ofthe stone materials used in the construction of the bath by using mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical definitions. The resultsobtained from the stone materials also provide guidance for restoration and reinforcement of the bath. In this study, the 13 stone …

Geological Characterization Of The Breccia Corallina (Marmor Sagarium) Quarries In Northwest Asia Minor, Murat Yilmaz, Hakan Elçi̇, Serdar Akgündüz, Ati̇ye Tuğrul, Göksel Dursun

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The province of Bilecik is one of the leading block stone production regions in Northwest Asia Minor, where natural stone quarrying has been carried out since ancient times. Natural stones with different patterns have been produced in the block stone quarries in this region. The natural stones produced from this region were used in Italy and Istanbul during the Roman period and in the construction of many historical buildings in Istanbul during the Ottoman period. The best known of these natural stones is Breccia Corallina (Marmor Sagarium), a brecciated limestone with ivory-colored clasts and coral red cement. In this study, …

Fault Box Modeling Of Dip Slip Faults: A Framework For Fault Box Design And Future Studies, Hailey Pressnell

Master's Theses

The behavior of soils during surface fault rupture is a serious concern in the planning and design of infrastructure that may be located within or near a fault zone. Challenges associated with developing mitigation measures for surface fault rupture include the uncertainty of fault rupture and the variability of fault behavior. Current analytical procedures define surface fault rupture according to the type of fault movement (strike slip, normal or reverse), the amount of displacement on the fault, and the mechanics of the material overlying the fault. The purpose of this thesis is to reconfirm analytical solutions and gain a better …

Enhanced Lithological Mapping In Arid Crystalline Regions Using Explainable Ai And Multi-Spectral Remote Sensing Data, Hesham Morgan, Ali Elgendy, Amir Said, Mostafa Hashem, Wenzhao Li, Surendra Maharjan, Hesham El-Askary

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Lithological classification is essential for understanding the spatial distribution of rocks, especially in arid crystalline areas. Artificial intelligence (AI) recent advancements with multi-spectral satellite imagery have been utilized to enhance lithological mapping in these areas. Here we employed different AI models namely, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest Classification (RFC), Logistic Regression, XGBoost, and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) for lithological mapping. This was followed by the application of explainable AI (XAI) for lithological discrimination (LD) which is still not widely explored. Based on the highest accuracy and F1 score of the previously mentioned models, RFC model outperformed all of them, and …

The Compass - Volume 93 Issue 2 - Complete Issue, Scott R. Beason

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

No abstract provided.

A History Of The Geology Program At The University Of Tennessee At Martin, Michael A. Gibson

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

The teaching of geology has as long a history as The University of Tennessee at Martin has itself, extending back to 1901 when the first geology class was offered at the campus’s original institution, Hall-Moody Institute, a small Baptist college. Geology, usually with geography, was offered as a service course to the primary programs of agriculture, education and, later, engineering. Faculty turnover during these formative years was frequent. When the school was acquired by the University of Tennessee in 1927 and became UT Junior College, geology remained a service course. Geology offerings had been expanding since 1947 and, in 1951, …

An Archaeological And Archaeoseismological Perspective On Earthquakes In The Coastal Cities Of Western Anatolia In The 3rd Millennium Bce: Settlement Abandonment And Changes In Social Structures, Ümi̇t Gündoğan

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

This study investigates the impact of the earthquakes that occurred in the first half of the 3rd millennium BCE on Western Anatolian settlements, aiming to determine the dates of the earthquakes that happened during the prehistoric period using the earthquake layers of the settlements and associated C14 data. The focus of the paper is the investigation of the effects of two earthquakes that occurred in the region during the first half of the 3rd millennium BCE on the settlements of the region. The first earthquake occurred around 2800 BCE and damaged settlements in the area of İzmir. Evidence of this …

Exploring Intraplate Seismicity In The Midwest, Alexa Fernández

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Intraplate seismicity represents a notable occurrence within the stable North American Craton. This research explores the potential sources of stresses that could reactivate older faults and influence seismic activity within this region. Among these sources, the enduring impact of the last glacial period is considered, which includes continued glacial isostatic adjustments (GIA). During GIA the lithosphere rebounds due to the retreating ice, and the forebulge caused by far-field flexure in response to the glacial load, collapses. This results in significant faulting, fracturing, and seismic activity associated with the deglaciation phase. The adjustment of the lithosphere manifests as both near surface …

Drilling Faqs, University Of North Dakota. Energy And Environmental Research Center

EERC Brochures and Fact Sheets

Fact sheet about geological research drilling. Cylindrical rock samples, called cores, and geologic data will be collected from an exploratory hole drilled in McKenzie County, North Dakota.

The Compass - Volume 93 Issue 1 - Complete Issue, Scott R. Beason

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

No abstract provided.

Overview Of The Geology, Paleontology, And Geoscience Education Opportunities Of The University Of Tennessee At Martin Coon Creek Science Center For Visitors, Researchers, And Docents, Michael A. Gibson

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

The Coon Creek Formation is an internationally recognized Upper Cretaceous (Campanian, 76 million-years-old) marine clastic lagerstätten deposit with over 500 identified species of nearly perfectly preserved invertebrates, vertebrates, plants, and trace fossils with original shell geochemistry and paleoecological fidelity preserved. The type-locality and type-section, located in rural McNairy County, Tennessee, was preserved for research and education in 1988 when the Memphis Pink Palace Museum constructed a 232-acre geoscience education facility on the site, now run as the University of Tennessee at Martin Coon Creek Science Center. Visitors to the site participate in a wide variety of geoscience education programming and …

Carboniferous Graptolites (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) From The Dnipro-Donets Depression And Donets Basin, Ukraine, Vitaly Dernov

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Remains of the Carboniferous graptolites ?Ptiograptus sp. and Dictyonema sp. are described from the Donets Basin and the border zone of the Dnipro-Donets Depression and Donets Basin (eastern Ukraine). These graptolites were found in the Mezhova (Visean, Mississippian) and Avilovka (Kasimovian, Pennsylvanian) formations. Dictyonema sp. from the Avilovka Formation is probably the youngest dendroid graptolite to date. The analysis of geological data allowed to make a reasonable assumption about the Late Devonian rather than the Carboniferous age of the graptolite fauna from the Englewood Formation of South Dakota (USA) and the Tournaisian rather than the Cisuralian age of graptolites from …

Characterizing Potentially Harmful Environmental Legacy Issues Within A Declining Midwest City: A Street Sediment Study Of Northeastern Terre Haute, Indiana, Katelyn Adams '24, Ken Brown

Senior Scholarly and Creative Symposium

Urban settings face unprecedented environmental challenges that include legacy issues as well as emerging pollution problems (e.g., micro-plastics) that continually impact the public health of its communities. Determining the baseline abundances of potentially harmful contaminants in soil, sediment, air, and water is essential to protecting residents. This study examines anthropogenic pollution in street sediments collected from three neighborhoods located in northeast Terre Haute, Indiana. Using stereomicroscopy, SEM/EDS, pXRF analyses, and geospatial analysis (GIS), the goal of this work is to characterize the types of pollutants present and place important constraints on their potential sources.

Stereomicroscopy on nine street sediment samples …