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Animal Sciences

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

1999

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Margins Of Safety Can Be Lowered For Supplemental Copper, Zinc, Iron, And Manganese In Finishing Diets Without Affecting Growth Performance (1999), Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Margins Of Safety Can Be Lowered For Supplemental Copper, Zinc, Iron, And Manganese In Finishing Diets Without Affecting Growth Performance (1999), Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Finishing pig diets are commonly supplemented with copper, zinc, iron, and manganese with large margins of safety compared to those suggested by NRC requirements. In this study, pigs were fed a control diet that provided these minerals supplemented at concentrations similar to current KSU recommendations, diets containing 50 and 25% of the recommendation, or a combination of 50% of the recommendations until 145 lb and no added trace minerals from 145 lb until market. The trial used pigs from 100 lb until market weight at 265 lb. No differences in growth perfonnance or carcass characteristics were observed as a result …

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Influence Of Dietary Supplementation Of Modified Tall Oil, Chromium Nicotinate, And L-Carnitine On Pork Chop Display Color Stability, Warner-Bratzler Shear, And Sensory Panel Traits (1999), A T. Waylan, P R. O'Quinn, J C. Woodworth, K Q. Owen, John A. Unruh, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1999

Influence Of Dietary Supplementation Of Modified Tall Oil, Chromium Nicotinate, And L-Carnitine On Pork Chop Display Color Stability, Warner-Bratzler Shear, And Sensory Panel Traits (1999), A T. Waylan, P R. O'Quinn, J C. Woodworth, K Q. Owen, John A. Unruh, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty crossbred (PIC) gilts were used to determine the influence of feeding modified tall oil (MTO, 0 or .5% of diet), chromium nicotinate (0 or 50 ppb), and L-carnitine (0 or 50 ppm) on display color stability, Warner-Bratzler shear, and sensory panel traits of pork chops. Dietary additions of MTO, chromium nicotinate, and L-camitine to growing and finishing swine diets had minimal effects on quality characteristics and display color stability of pork chops. Therefore, producers probably can take advantage of any production or carcass cutability improvement from these feed supplements without affecting muscle quality of pork chops.; Swine Day, Manhattan, …

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Manure Composition From Kansas Swine Lagoons (1999), G L. Keeler, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Manure Composition From Kansas Swine Lagoons (1999), G L. Keeler, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Analysis of 41 manure samples from Kansas swine lagoons revealed that nutrient concentrations were higher than previously reported values from the Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service and the Midwest Planning Service. In addition, high standard deviations indicated that considerable variation exists in composition of waste in swine lagoons. Although means from some lagoons were lower, most producers had manure that analyzed higher than previously published values from other sources. These data reveal the imnportance of individual analysis of lagoons for proper application to cropland to maximize yield and environmental stewardship. Additional research needs to be completed to provide a more detailed …

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Influence Of Added Zinc From Zinc Sulfate On Weanling Pig Growth Performance And Plasma Zinc Concentration (1999), J C. Woodworth, P R. O'Quinn, J T. Sawyer, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband Jan 1999

Influence Of Added Zinc From Zinc Sulfate On Weanling Pig Growth Performance And Plasma Zinc Concentration (1999), J C. Woodworth, P R. O'Quinn, J T. Sawyer, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of288 weanling pigs (13.4lb and 18 d of age) was used in a 27 d growth assay to determine the effects of adding Zn from ZnS04 or ZnO on growth performance. Pigs were allotted to one of eight dietary treatments consisting of a control diet; diets containing one of six concentrations of Zn from ZnS04 (SOD, 1,000, 1,500,2,000,2,500, or 3,000 ppm); and a diet containing 3,000 ppm of Zn from ZnO. Increasing Zn from ZnS04 linearly improved ADO and FlO from d 9 to 19; however, adding ZnS04 to the diet decreased ADO from d 19 to 33. …

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Effects Of Modified Tall Oil And Creatine Monohydrate On Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Meat Quality Of Growing-Finishing Barrows (1999), P R. O'Quinn, B S. Andrews, J C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, John A. Unruh, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1999

Effects Of Modified Tall Oil And Creatine Monohydrate On Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Meat Quality Of Growing-Finishing Barrows (1999), P R. O'Quinn, B S. Andrews, J C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, John A. Unruh, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of modified tall oil (MTO; .50% of the diet) and creatine monohydrate (CMH; 25 g/pig/day for 10 days prior to slaughter) on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing barrows. Feeding MTO improved ADG and F/G during the growing phase and improved F/G over the entire trial and during the 10 day CMH loading period. Feeding MTO reduced backfat, but neither CMH nor MTO affected other carcass characteristics or meat quality measures at 24 h postmortem. These data suggest that MTO improves performance and reduces backfat with little effect on meat …

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Effects Of Spray-Dried Animal Plasma Source On Weanling Pig Performance (1999), M U. Steidinger, P R. O'Quinn, J C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Effects Of Spray-Dried Animal Plasma Source On Weanling Pig Performance (1999), M U. Steidinger, P R. O'Quinn, J C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of different spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) sources on weanling pig performance. For this study, different sources of SDAP were obtained from each of the four largest marketers. In each experiment, a different lot of each of the four plasma sources was used. Pigs were fed either a control diet or one of four diets containing different plasma sources added at 5.0 % of the total diet. The results of these experiments suggest that larger differences occur between lots or batches of SDAP then between sources of SDAP, when weanling pig performance is …

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Interactive Effects Of Modified Tall Oil And Fat Source On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Barrows And Gilts (1999), J C. Woodworth, P R. O'Quinn, A T. Waylan, J T. Sawyer, Robert D. Goodband, John A. Unruh, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1999

Interactive Effects Of Modified Tall Oil And Fat Source On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Barrows And Gilts (1999), J C. Woodworth, P R. O'Quinn, A T. Waylan, J T. Sawyer, Robert D. Goodband, John A. Unruh, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 144 pigs (initially 90 lb) was used to determine the interactive effects of fat source: none (NF), 6% choice white grease (CWG), or 6% poultry fat (PF); modified tall oil (MTO, 0 or .5%); and sex (barrows or gilts) on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Regardless of fat source, MTO improved belly firmness but did not influence growth performance. Gilts were leaner, had increased loin muscle area, and had softer bellies compared to barrows. Added fat decreased ADFI and improved F/G. Pigs fed PF had the best F/G, but the fattest carcasses and softest loins and bellies.; …

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Influence Of Dietary Supplementation Of Modified Tall Oil And Vitamin E On Pork Chop Quality, Display Color Stability, Warner-Bratzler Shear, And Sensory Panel Traits (1999), A T. Waylan, P R. O'Quinn, J C. Woodworth, S I. Koo, John A. Unruh, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1999

Influence Of Dietary Supplementation Of Modified Tall Oil And Vitamin E On Pork Chop Quality, Display Color Stability, Warner-Bratzler Shear, And Sensory Panel Traits (1999), A T. Waylan, P R. O'Quinn, J C. Woodworth, S I. Koo, John A. Unruh, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-two crossbred (PIC) barrows were used to determine the influence of feeding modified tall oil (MTO, 0 or .5% of diet) and vitamin E (0, 10, or 50 IU/lb of feed) on display color stability, Warner-Bratzler shear, and sensory panel traits of pork chops. Feeding MTO in combination with high levels of vitamin E to pigs during both the growing and finishing phases improved display color stability and delayed lipid oxidation of the pork loin chops without affecting tenderness and sensory evaluations. Therefore, feeding swine MTO (.5%) with high levels of vitamin E (50 IU/lb of feed) can increase the …

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Economics Of Adding Fat And Increasing Lysine:Calorie Ratio In Diets For Growing-Finishing Gilts (1999), M De La Llata, Michael R. Langemeier, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Economics Of Adding Fat And Increasing Lysine:Calorie Ratio In Diets For Growing-Finishing Gilts (1999), M De La Llata, Michael R. Langemeier, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,200 gilts was used to evaluate the economics ofadding fat and increasing lysine:calorie ratio in diets for growing-finishing pigs. Diets were fed in four phases and consisted of a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement with two levels of fat (0 and 6%) and four increasing lysine:calorie ratios. Eight economic scenarios combining com, soybean meal, fat, and hog prices with two packer grading systems were created. Stochastic dominance analysis was performed on 64 alternatives (8 treatments x 8 scenarios). The third "and fourth (higher) lysine: calorie ratios increased income over feed cost when fat was added to the …

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Predicting Lysine Requirements Using Protein And Lipid Accretion Curves For Growing-Finishing Barrows (1999), M De La Llata, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Predicting Lysine Requirements Using Protein And Lipid Accretion Curves For Growing-Finishing Barrows (1999), M De La Llata, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of240 growing-finishing barrows (75 to 260 lb) were used to model accretion rates and the lysine:calorie ratio requirement based on lipid and protein content data obtained with a real-time ultrasound. Barrows were fed eight different diets consisting of four increasing lysine:calorie ratios and two levels of fat (0 and 6%). The modeled accretion rates effectively predicted the differences between treatments in agreement with the actual data. The modeled lysine:calorie ratio requirement accurately predicted the lysine:calorie ratios that maximized growth, evaluated by either the predicted or the actual data. Lipid and protein deposition rates were used to effectively model …

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Effects Of Increasing Lysine:Calorie Ratio And Dietary Fat Addition On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Gilts (1999), M De La Llata, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Effects Of Increasing Lysine:Calorie Ratio And Dietary Fat Addition On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Gilts (1999), M De La Llata, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experiment using 1,200 gilts (60 to 260 lb) was conducted to determine the effects of increasing lysine:calorie ratio and dietary fat addition on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial with two levels of dietary fat (0 and 6%) and four lysine:calorie ratios in each of the four phases. The appropriate lysine:calorie ratios to maximize growth performance were: 3.56, 2.50 to 2.75, 2.04, and 1.72 from 60 to 100 lb, 100 to 165 lb, 165 to 220 lb, and 220 to 260 lb, respectively. These ratios equate to approximate total lysine …

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Influence Of Dietary Supplementation Of Modified Tall Oil, Chromium Nicotinate, And L-Carnitine On Bacon Characteristics (1999), A T. Waylan, P R. O'Quinn, J C. Woodworth, K Q. Owen, John A. Unruh, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1999

Influence Of Dietary Supplementation Of Modified Tall Oil, Chromium Nicotinate, And L-Carnitine On Bacon Characteristics (1999), A T. Waylan, P R. O'Quinn, J C. Woodworth, K Q. Owen, John A. Unruh, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty crossbred (PIC) gilts were used to determine the influence of feeding modified tall oil (MTO, 0 or .5% of diet), chromium nicotinate (0 or 50 ppb), and L-carnitine (0 or 50 ppm) on bacon quality characteristics. Supplementation of MTO improved bacon slice firmness. Dietary additions of MTO, chromium nicotinate, and L-carnitine to diets for growing and finishing swine had minimal effects on other bacon characteristics. Therefore, producers probably can take advantage of any improvements in production or carcass cutability from these feed supplements without affecting bacon quality.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 18, 1999

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Effects Of Modified Tall Oil On Growth And Body Composition In Adult Ovariectomized Rats (1999), P R. O'Quinn, S I. Koo, S K. Noh, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1999

Effects Of Modified Tall Oil On Growth And Body Composition In Adult Ovariectomized Rats (1999), P R. O'Quinn, S I. Koo, S K. Noh, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of modified tall oil (MTO) on growth and body composition of adult ovariectomized rats. This trial was targeted as a model for postmenopausal women; thus, only data applicable to swine production are presented herein. Feeding MTO decreased adiposity, increased concentrations of certain lipids in tissues, increased vitamin E (octocopherol) levels in the adipose, and increased actual lean content. These data lend support to the carcass leanness and meat quality improvements routinely seen in swine from feeding MTO.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 18, 1999

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Effects Of Pelleting And Pellet Conditioning Temperatures On Weanling Pig Performance (1999), M U. Steidinger, Michael D. Tokach, P R. O'Quinn, J C. Woodworth, Leland J. Mckinney, B S. Borg, J M. Campbell, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Effects Of Pelleting And Pellet Conditioning Temperatures On Weanling Pig Performance (1999), M U. Steidinger, Michael D. Tokach, P R. O'Quinn, J C. Woodworth, Leland J. Mckinney, B S. Borg, J M. Campbell, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two studies were conducted to evaluate" the effects of pelleting and pellet conditioning temperature of diets containing 5% spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) on weanling pig growth performance. In Exp. 1, conditioning temperatures evaluated were 140, 150, 160, and 170°F. In Exp. 2, pellet conditioning temperatures were 140, 155, 170, 185, and 200°F. The results suggest that pellet conditioning temperatures above 170°F decrease weanling pig performance from d 0 to 7 after weaning. Pellet conditioning temperature should not exceed 170OF (exit temperature of 180°F) for nursery diets containing 5% SDAP.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 18, 1999

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Effects Of Different Zinc Oxide Sources On Weanling Pig Growth Performance (1999), J C. Woodworth, J T. Sawyer, C A. Maxwell, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband Jan 1999

Effects Of Different Zinc Oxide Sources On Weanling Pig Growth Performance (1999), J C. Woodworth, J T. Sawyer, C A. Maxwell, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 192 pigs (initially 13.61b and 18 d of age) were used in a 27-d growth assay to determine the effects of different ZnO sources on weanling pig growth performance. The four experimental treatments consisted of a control diet or three diets containing Zn from ZnO from one of three different sources. For the entire trial, no differences occurred in growth performance of pigs fed the different ZnO sources; however, all sources increased ADG and ADFI compared to pigs fed the control diet. Economics and ingredient availability should dictate which ZnO source to use in weanling pig diets …

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On-Farm Salmonella Testing: Perspectives Of Pork Producers (1999), D R. Mark, Michael A. Boland, John A. Fox Jan 1999

On-Farm Salmonella Testing: Perspectives Of Pork Producers (1999), D R. Mark, Michael A. Boland, John A. Fox

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pork producers in Kansas were surveyed to determine their attitudes regarding onfarm Salmonella testing and to provide estimates ofthe costs ofcollecting hide, fecal, or blood samples from live pigs. Veterinarians and Cooperative Extension Service personnel were cited most frequently as the most preferred groups for monitoring and verification. Results ofthe survey indicate that pork producers may be willing to conduct on-farm Salmonella testing, if they can recover the costs of sample collection. The sampling costs ranged from $1.76 to $4.72 per pig, depending on the method of sample collection.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 18, 1999

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Lack Of Interaction Between Lysine Levels Fed In Growing And Finishing Diets (1999), Rops Steve, Heintz Marty, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Lack Of Interaction Between Lysine Levels Fed In Growing And Finishing Diets (1999), Rops Steve, Heintz Marty, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,200 pigs were used to determine whether dietary lysine level fed in the growing phase influenced the response to lysine level fed in the finishing phase. Pigs were fed either an adequate or low lysine level during the growing (60 to 170 lb) and/ or finishing phase (170 to 265 lb). Feeding a deficient lysine level decreased ADG and F/G during the phase when the deficient diet was fed; however, lysine level fed in the growing phase did not influence the response in the finishing phase. Carcass parameters were influenced more by the lysine level fed in …

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Effects Of Increased Feed Intake In Early Gestation On Sow Farrowing Performance And Offspring Carcass Characteristics (1999), R E. Musser, Duane L. Davis, M Heintz, J Bauman, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Effects Of Increased Feed Intake In Early Gestation On Sow Farrowing Performance And Offspring Carcass Characteristics (1999), R E. Musser, Duane L. Davis, M Heintz, J Bauman, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three hundred and ninety-four PIC sows were used to determine the effects of increased feed intake during two critical stages of fetal development on farrowing performance and offspring carcass characteristics. Sows were fed 8 Ibid for one of three periods, d 10 to 30, d 30 to 50, or d 10 to 50 of gestation in comparison to a control level of 4 Ibid. Treatments did not affect the number of pigs farrowed. Sows fed 8 Ibid of complete diet from d 10 to 30 of gestation tended to have offspring with heavier hot carcass weight (P = .16) compared …

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Infrared Thermography Of Swine Body Surface Temperatures And Associated Rectal Temperatures During An Acute Respiratory Disease Challenge (1999), J A. Loughmiller, M F. Spire, B W. Fenwick, S Hogge, J Foster, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Infrared Thermography Of Swine Body Surface Temperatures And Associated Rectal Temperatures During An Acute Respiratory Disease Challenge (1999), J A. Loughmiller, M F. Spire, B W. Fenwick, S Hogge, J Foster, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An acute Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia challenge was used to study changes in rectal and radiant surface temperatures over 18 h. From 3.5 to 15 h after challenge, rectal temperatures were elevated in challenged pigs compared to nonchallenged controls. From 6 through 18 h after challenge, infrared surface temperature was higher for challenged pigs versus control nonchallenged pigs. Correlation coefficient analysis indicated that surface temperature and rectal temperature were moderately correlated. These results indicate that infrared thermography will detect changes in body surface temperature associated with the acute phase febrile response and has potential as a diagnostic tool for assessing systemic changes …

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Effects Of An Acute Respiratory Disease Challenge On Growth, Thermal Radiation, And Acute Phase Protein Production In Growing Pigs (1999), J A. Loughmiller, M F. Spire, B W. Fenwick, S Hogge, J Walker, R D. Stott, A Moser, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Effects Of An Acute Respiratory Disease Challenge On Growth, Thermal Radiation, And Acute Phase Protein Production In Growing Pigs (1999), J A. Loughmiller, M F. Spire, B W. Fenwick, S Hogge, J Walker, R D. Stott, A Moser, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forty-seven growing pigs (initially 65 ± 2 lb) were used in a metabolism study to determine the effects of a single respiratory disease challenge on growth performance, infrared thermal radiation, and serum acute phase proteins. Thirty pigs were challenged with Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, and seven pigs were assigned to an ad libitum-fed nonchallenged control group. Ten additional nonchallenged pigs were pair-fed the feed intake of an A. pleuropneumonia-challenged counterpart. There were five 4 d collection periods (d 4 to 7, d 8 to 11, d 12 to 15, d 16 to 19, and d 22 to 25), and the A. pleuropneumonia …

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Pregnancy Rates In Dairy Cattle After Three Different, Timed, Breeding Protocols (1999), J. A. Cartmill, S. Z. El-Zarkouny, G. C. Lamb, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1999

Pregnancy Rates In Dairy Cattle After Three Different, Timed, Breeding Protocols (1999), J. A. Cartmill, S. Z. El-Zarkouny, G. C. Lamb, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Synchronizing ovulation enables dairy producers to inseminate cows by appointment rather than after detected estrus. Three different, timed artificial insemination protocols using different combinations of prostaglandin F2α and gonadotropin-releasing hormone were used to synchronize ovulation in 702 lactating Holstein cows. Cyclicity, pregnancy rate, and embryonic survival rate from each treatment were compared. Our results indicate that all three treatments produced acceptable pregnancy rates in first lactation cows. However, for cows in their second or greater lactation, the treatment using prostaglandin F2α 12 days before the Ovsynch protocol improved pregnancy rates more than the other two.; Dairy Day, 1999, Kansas State …

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Using The Ovsynch Protocol For Prompt Re-Insemination Of Cows Diagnosed Open At Pregnancy Checks (1999), Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1999

Using The Ovsynch Protocol For Prompt Re-Insemination Of Cows Diagnosed Open At Pregnancy Checks (1999), Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Using the Ovsynch protocol to prepare cows for re-insemination proved to be very effective. Its use guarantees that all cows found open at pregnancy diagnosis are reinseminated promptly within 10 days, and the average pregnancy rate of 28.7% in 136 cows was acceptable. Pregnancy rates were not different whether or not estrus was detected in cows at the timed insemination, but they tended to be greater at second services compared to other repeat services. The Ovsynch protocol is an effective tool to use to ensure prompt re-insemination of open cows.; Dairy Day, 1999, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1999;

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Effects Of Processing And Fat Removal On The Value Of Cottonseed In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows (1999), M. J. Meyer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel, A. F. Park Jan 1999

Effects Of Processing And Fat Removal On The Value Of Cottonseed In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows (1999), M. J. Meyer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel, A. F. Park

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighteen Holstein cows were used in six simultaneous 3x3 Latin squares to determine the value of extruded-expelled cottonseed meal with lint as a replacement for whole cottonseed in diets for lactating dairy cows. Diets were: 1) WCS=whole cottonseed; 2) EC+T=extruded-expelled cottonseed meal with tallow; and 3) EC=extruded-expelled cottonseed meal. Diets were formulated to contain 17.5% CP and 40% RUP. Tallow or shelled corn was used to balance energy across diets. No differences were observed in dry matter intake, milk production, or feed efficiency among diets. Cows fed EC produced milk with a slightly higher protein percentage. Feed costs per cwt …

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Evaluation Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed As An Ingredient In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows (1999), M. J. Vanbaale, Michael V. Scheffel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, John E. Shirley Jan 1999

Evaluation Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed As An Ingredient In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows (1999), M. J. Vanbaale, Michael V. Scheffel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, John E. Shirley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirty-two Holstein cows were used in two 2x2 Latin squares with 28-day periods to evaluate the effect of including wet corn gluten feed in diets for lactating dairy cows. Wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) was fed to cows housed in freestalls at 20% of the diet dry matter. Cows fed WCGF consumed more dry matter, and produced more milk and more energy-corrected milk than cows fed the control diet. Production efficiency was not different between diets. The percentages of fat and protein in milk were not different between diets, but yields of all milk components were improved by including WCGF …

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The Use Of Somatic Cell Counts To Identify Cows With Subclinical Mastitis At Calving (1999), J. M. Sargeant, B. J. Pulkrabek, Michael V. Scheffel, A. F. Park Jan 1999

The Use Of Somatic Cell Counts To Identify Cows With Subclinical Mastitis At Calving (1999), J. M. Sargeant, B. J. Pulkrabek, Michael V. Scheffel, A. F. Park

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The dynamics of somatic cell counts during the first 10 days in milk were compared among udder quarters of cows with intra-mammary infection at the time of calving and those with no infection present. The study group consisted of 81 cows calving at the Kansas State University dairy research herd between July of 1998 and February of 1999. Cows with an intramammary infection had greater, average, somatic cell counts at calving, and this difference continued throughout the 10-day period. Using a breakpoint of 1,000,000 somatic cells/ml at calving to select animals for culture would have correctly selected 81% of the …

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Effect Of Protein Level In Prepartum Diets On Postpartum Performance Of Dairy Cows (1999), A. F. Park, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel, M. J. Meyer Jan 1999

Effect Of Protein Level In Prepartum Diets On Postpartum Performance Of Dairy Cows (1999), A. F. Park, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel, M. J. Meyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-five Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design to determine the level of dietary protein required to support metabolic functions and maintain body reserves during the periparturient period and subsequent lactation. Cows fed the 14.7% protein diet prepartum had a more ideal body condition score during the entire prepartum and postpartum periods. During the first 90 days of lactation, few consistent differences occurred among prepartum diets for milk production, but the response to rbST was greatest for cows fed 11.7, 13.7 or 14.7% protein prepartum. Full 305-day lactation records showed the most milk, fat, and protein for …

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Labor Requirements For Handling Manure From Concrete Basins (1999), Joseph P. Harner, T. Strahm, David V. Key, T. L. Strahm Jan 1999

Labor Requirements For Handling Manure From Concrete Basins (1999), Joseph P. Harner, T. Strahm, David V. Key, T. L. Strahm

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Time requirements for loading a manure spreader and traveling to and from the field varied from 20 to 30 min per load. However, standardizing the data showed that 5 to 7 min were required per 1,000 gal (9,000 lb). The preliminary results of the time motion data indicate about 30 min per cow per year are required for handling manure from a concrete storage basin. These results were consistent among the four dairies evaluated, even though differences existed in operating procedures. These results enable dairy producers to assess labor and equipment needs for performing the various operations associated with hauling …

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Changes In The Textural Quality Of Selected Cheese Types As A Result Of Frozen Storage (1999), T. J. Herald, Karen A. Schmidt Jan 1999

Changes In The Textural Quality Of Selected Cheese Types As A Result Of Frozen Storage (1999), T. J. Herald, Karen A. Schmidt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The change in textural quality of cheese during frozen storage is of concern to the frozen food industry. Many food products such as frozen pizza and dinner entrees are stored at !0.5EF or below for extended periods of time. Food manufacturers have noted detrimental changes including reduced elasticity of cheese on pizza or the absence of melt in filled products. Dynamic rheological testing was used to determine the changes in Cheddar, Colby, and Mozzarella cheeses during frozen storage. Slices of cheese were tested at day 0 and after 30 days of storage at !0.5EF. Elastic attributes were measured at 40, …

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Effects Of Temperature And Humidity On Cow Respiration Rates In Three Kansas And Two Nebraska Freestall Barns (1999), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, Michael J. Brouk Jan 1999

Effects Of Temperature And Humidity On Cow Respiration Rates In Three Kansas And Two Nebraska Freestall Barns (1999), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, Michael J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Temperatures and humidities outside and inside freestall barns and cow respiration rates were monitored on three Kansas and two Nebraska commercial dairy farms during the summer of 1999. All farms had 4-row freestall buildings with different cooling systems. The first Kansas barn could be cooled naturally and mechanically using evaporative cooling pads located on the east and west walls. The second Kansas barn was ventilated naturally by manually lowering the sidewall curtains and without sprinkling or ventilation systems. The third Kansas barn was ventilated naturally and equipped with fans located over the freestalls and feed-line sprinklers. The first Nebraska barn …

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Water Removal From Raw Milk At The Point Of Production (1999), I. Cox, H. Dingeldein, Karen A. Schmidt Jan 1999

Water Removal From Raw Milk At The Point Of Production (1999), I. Cox, H. Dingeldein, Karen A. Schmidt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Milk processing plants are becoming fewer in number and larger in size. As a result, the distance the raw milk is transported from the point of production to the processing site increases. Because the major component in raw milk is water, the reduction of water at the production site would result in lower transportation costs as well as lower energy needs. Water can be removed from milk through a membrane filtration. This study showed that concentration of raw milk allowed for the microbes to partition into the milk solids fraction. Microbial numbers increased during refrigerated storage of this concentrated raw …

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