Signal Processing Commons^™

Determination Of Material Emission Signatures By Ptr-Ms And Their Correlations With Odor Assessments By Human Subjects, Kwanghoon Han

Kwanghoon Han

The objectives of this study were to determine volatile organic compound (VOC) emission signatures of nine typical building materials by using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and to explore the correlation between the PTR-MS measurements and the measurements of acceptability by human subjects. VOC emissions from each material were measured in a 50-l small-scale chamber. Chamber air was sampled by PTR-MS to determine emission signatures. Sorbent tube sampling and TD-GC/MS analysis were also performed to identify the major VOCs emitted and to compare the resulting data with the PTR-MS emission signatures. The data on the acceptability of air quality assessed …

Space-Time Adaptive Processing With Multi-Staged Wiener Filter And Principal Component Signal Dependent Algorithms, Zheng N. Zhou

Master's Theses

Space-time Adaptive Processing (STAP) is a two-dimensional filtering technique for antenna array with multiple spatial channels. The name "space-time" describes the coupling of these spatial channels with pulse-Doppler waveforms. Applications for STAP includes ground moving target indicator (GMTI) for airborne radar systems.

Today, there are strong interests to develop STAP algorithms for operations in “sample starved” environments, where intense environmental interference can reduce STAP capacity to detect and track ground targets. Careful applications of STAP can effectively overcome these conditions by suppressing these interferences and maximize the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). The Multi-stage Wiener filter (MWF) and …

A Novel Eight Switches Inverter Topology For Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Omar Hegazy, Joeri Van Mierlo

Dr. Eng. Omar Hegazy

In this paper, a novel inverter topology, Eight Switches Inverter (ESI), is proposed for HEV, especially PHEV system to reduce the number of switches, and to achieve high performance during discharging mode, braking mode and charging mode from grid. Thereby, this topology gives the ability to connect the vehicle with grid at home or at work to charge the Energy Storage System (ESS) easily, especially the battery unit. In addition, the cost and the volume of the power electronics unit (PEU) have reduced. In this research, there are two control strategies have tested to validate the performance of the proposed …

Conference Proceedings 3rd International Scientific Conference On “Energy Systems With It” At Alvsjö Fair In Association With Energitinget March 16-17 2010, Dr. Erik Dahlquist, Dr. Jenny Palm

Dr. Erik Dahlquist

2010 “The Energiting” is performed for the 12th time. The International Scientific conference is arranged for the 3rd time. The organisers are Swedish Energy Agency, Mälardalen University and the Research School for Energy Systems with LiU, KTH, UU and CTH. The first topic will be “Energy systems” covering use of renewable energy sources, energy conversion and process efficiency improvement with new technologies, as well as societal aspects of the introduction of new technologies. The second topic is “Energy and IT”. This covers energy and load management, interaction between production, distribution and “consumption”, usage of data for decision support and control, …

Measuring Variations Of Mimicry By Means Of Prosodic Cues In Task-Based Scenarios And Conversational Speech, Brian Vaughan, Celine De Looze

Other resources

Here, we address the measurement of mimicry, that is when speakers’ speech variations look like parallel patterns.

As a definition of mimicry, we often read in the literature description such as mimicry is “The situation where the observed behaviours of two inter-actants although dissimilar at the start of the interaction are moving towards behavioral matching”. These types of descriptions imply that mimicry is a linear phenomenon and that speakers tend to imitate over time. However, it can be assumed, especially when studying spontaneous speech, that there are rather phases of mimicry and non-mimicry and that mimicry should be rather …

Aiding Gps With Additional Satellite Navigation Services, Yasin A. Mutlu

Theses and Dissertations

In modern warfare navigation services are very important. GPS is currently providing service for accurate navigation, except in some areas, especially urban areas, where GPS signals cannot always be tracked by users. In these cases some additional navigation support could be provided by other global navigation satellite systems. If GPS is combined with other navigation systems than the navigation gap will be minor. In this thesis, the effect of combining GPS with other satellite navigation systems, specifically GLONASS, Galileo and Compass, is evaluated in terms of availability and position dilution of precision (PDOP) values. First, satellite constellations are simulated in …

Development And Evaluation Of A Multistatic Ultrawideband Random Noise Radar, Matthew E. Nelms

Theses and Dissertations

This research studies the AFIT noise network (NoNET) radar node design and the feasibility in processing the bistatic channel information of a cluster of widely distributed noise radar nodes. A system characterization is used to predict theoretical localization performance metrics. Design and integration of a distributed and central signal and data processing architecture enables the Matlab®-driven signal data acquisition, digital processing and multi-sensor image fusion. Experimental evaluation of the monostatic localization performance reveals its range measurement error standard deviation is 4.8 cm with a range resolution of 87.2(±5.9) cm. The 16-channel multistatic solution results in a 2-dimensional localization error of …

Spectrally-Temporally Adapted Spectrally Modulated Spectrally Encoded (Smse) Waveform Design For Coexistent Cr-Based Sdr Applications, Eric C. Like

Theses and Dissertations

This work expands the applicability of the Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) framework by developing a waveform optimization process that enables intelligent waveform design. The resultant waveforms are capable of adapting to a spectrally diverse transmission channel while meeting coexistent constraints. SMSE waveform design is investigated with respect to two different forms of coexisting signal constraints, including those based on resultant interference levels and those based on resultant power spectrum shape. As demonstrated, the SMSE framework is well-suited for waveform optimization given its ability to allow independent design of spectral parameters. This utility is greatly enhanced when soft decision selection …

The Effect Of Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Resolution On Target Discrimination, John E. Mcgowan

Theses and Dissertations

This research details the effect of spatial resolution on target discrimination in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. Multiple SAR image chips containing targets and non-targets are used to test a baseline Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system with reduced spatial resolution. Spatial resolution is reduced by lowering the pixel count or synthesizing a degraded image by filtering and reducing the pixel count. A two-parameter Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) detector is tested, and three feature sets, size, contrast, and texture, are used to train a linear classifier and to estimate probability density functions for the two classes. The results are scored …

Design Of A Monocular Multi-Spectral Skin Detection, Melanin Estimation, And False-Alarm Suppression System, Keith R. Peskosky

Theses and Dissertations

A real-time skin detection, false-alarm reduction, and melanin estimation system is designed targeting search and rescue (SAR) with application to special operations for manhunting and human measurement and signatures intelligence. A mathematical model of the system is developed and used to determine how the physical system performs under illumination, target-to-sensor distance, and target-type scenarios. This aspect is important to the SAR community to gain an understanding of the deployability in different operating environments. A multi-spectral approach is developed and consists of two short-wave infrared cameras and two visible cameras. Through an optical chain of lenses, custom designed and fabricated dichroic …

An Approach To Large Scale Radar-Based Modeling And Simulation, Lester C. Long Iv

Theses and Dissertations

This research presents a method of aggregating, or reducing the resolution, of a commonly available Department of Defense (DoD) simulation. It addresses the differences between varying levels of resolution and scope used in the DoD’s hierarchy of models pyramid. A data representation that aggregates engagement-level simulation data to use at a lower resolution level, the mission-level, is presented and analyzed. Two formats of implementing this data representation are developed and compared: the rigid cylinder format and the expanding tables format. The rigid cylinder format provides an intuitive way to visualize the data and is used to develop the theory. The …

Effects Of Channel Mismatches On Beamforming And Signal Detection, Christopher I. Allen

Theses and Dissertations

Tuner gain measurements of a multichannel receiver are reported. A linear regression model is used to characterize the gain, as a function of channel number, tuner set-on frequency, and intermediate frequency. Residual errors of this model are characterized by a t distribution. Very strong autocorrelation of tuner gain at various frequencies is noted. Tuner performance from one channel to the next is diverse; several defects at specific frequencies are noted. The Wilcoxon signed rank test is used to test normality of tuner gain among devices; normality is rejected. Antenna directivity and phase pattern measurements are also reported. An antenna element …

Pulse Shape Correlation For Laser Detection And Ranging (Ladar), Brian T. Deas

Theses and Dissertations

Radar systems provide an important remote sensing capability, and are crucial to the layered sensing vision; a concept of operation that aims to apply the right number of the right types of sensors, in the right places, at the right times for superior battle space situational awareness. The layered sensing vision poses a range of technical challenges, including radar, that are yet to be addressed. To address the radar-specific design challenges, the research community responded with waveform diversity; a relatively new field of study which aims reduce the cost of remote sensing while improving performance. Early work suggests that the …

Reverberation-Chamber Test Environment For Outdoor Urban Wireless Propagation Studies, Helge Fielitz, Kate A. Remley, Christopher L. Holloway, Qian Zhang, Qiong Wu, David W. Matolak

Faculty Publications

We introduce a test environment to replicate the well-known clustering of reflections in power delay profiles arising from late-time delays and reflections. Urban wireless propagation environments are known to exhibit such clustering. The test setup combines discrete reflections generated by a fading simulator with the continuous distribution of reflections created in a reverberation chamber. We describe measurements made in an urban environment in Denver, CO, that illustrate these multiple distributions of reflections. Our comparison of measurements made in the urban environment to those made in the new test environment shows good agreement.

Phase Unwrapping In The Presence Of Strong Turbulence, Casey J. Pellizzari

Theses and Dissertations

Phase unwrapping in the presence of branch points using a least-squares wave-front reconstructor requires the use of a Postprocessing Congruence Operation (PCO). Branch cuts in the unwrapped phase are altered by the addition of a constant parameter h to the rotational component when applying the PCO. Past research has shown that selecting a value of h which minimizes the proportion of irradiance in the pupil plane adjacent to branch cuts helps to maximize performance of adaptive-optics (AO) systems in strong turbulence. In continuation of this objective, this research focuses on optimizing the PCO while accounting for the cumulative effects of …

Selective Recursive Kernel Learning For Online Identification Of Nonlinear Systems With Narx Form, Yi Liu, Haiqing Wang, Jiang Yu, Ping Li

Dr. Yi Liu

Online identification of nonlinear systems is still an important while difficult task in practice. A general and simple online identification method, namely Selective Recursive Kernel Learning (SRKL), is proposed for multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) systems with the nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input form. A two-stage RKL online identification framework is first formulated, where the information contained by a sample (i.e., the new arriving or old useless one) can be introduced into and/or deleted from the model, recursively. Then, a sparsification strategy to restrict the model complexity is developed to guarantee all the output channels of the MIMO model accurate simultaneously. Specially, a …

Performance Of Self-Encoded Spread Spectrum Under Worst-Case Jamming, Casey L. Deyle

Theses, Dissertations, & Student Research in Computer Electronics & Engineering

Performance of Self-Encoded Spread Spectrum Under Worst-Case Jamming Casey Deyle, M.S University of Nebraska 2009 Advisor: Lim Nguyen Spread Spectrum Communications uses m-sequences (sometimes referred to as Pseudo Noise or PN sequences) modulated with a data signal to create a transmission signal that takes up more bandwidth than the original information signal. Self-Encoded Spread Spectrum (SESS) uses spreading codes generated by the transmitted signal, eliminating the need to synchronize m-sequences between the transmitter and receiver, thus making the channel more secure. This paper will discuss the performance of SESS system in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels, …

Adaptive Target Detection With Application To Through-The-Wall Radar Imaging, Christian Debes, Jesper Riedler, Abdelhak M. Zoubir, Moeness G. Amin

Christian Debes

An adaptive detection scheme is proposed for radar imaging. The proposed detector is a postprocessing scheme derived for one-, two-, and three-dimensional data, and applied to through- the-wall imaging using synthetic aperture radar. The target image statistics depend on the target three-dimensional orientation and position. The statistics can also vary with the standoff distance of the imaging system because of the change in the corresponding scene image resolution. We propose an iterative target detection scheme for the cases in which no or partial a priori knowledge of the target image statistics is available. Properties of the proposed scheme, such as …

Locating Tune Changes And Providing A Semantic Labelling Of Sets Of Irish Traditional Tunes, Cillian Kelly, Mikel Gainza, David Dorran, Eugene Coyle

Conference papers

An approach is presented which provides the tune change loactions within a set of Irish traditional turnes. Also provided are semantic labels for each part of each tune within the set. A set in Irish traditional music is a number of individual tunes played segue. Each of the tunes in the set are made up of structural segments called parts. Musical variation is a prominent characteristic of this genre. However, a certain set of notes known as "set accented tones" are considered impervious to musical variation. Chroma information is extracted at "set accented tone" locations within the music. The resulting …

Super-Resolution Using Adaptive Wiener Filters, Russell C. Hardie

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The spatial sampling rate of an imaging system is determined by the spacing of the detectors in the focal plane array (FPA). The spatial frequencies present in the image on the focal plane are band-limited by the optics. This is due to diffraction through a finite aperture. To guarantee that there will be no aliasing during image acquisiton, the Nyquist criterion dictates that the sampling rate must be greater than twice the cut-off frequency of the optics. However, optical designs involve a number of trade-offs and typical imaging systems are designed with some level of aliasing. We will refer to …