Unexplored Opportunities: Multi-Sector Strategies For Collaboration In Underwater Unexploded Ordnance Remediation,
2021
Oklahoma State University
Unexplored Opportunities: Multi-Sector Strategies For Collaboration In Underwater Unexploded Ordnance Remediation, Chris Price
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Few global challenges are as ripe for multi-sector collaboration as underwater (UW) unexploded ordnance (UXO) remediation. Millions of metric tons of UXO are lying on and under the seabed corroding, decaying, and seeping toxic chemicals into the ecosystem—ultimately ending up in our food. Because most underwater UXO are from WWI and WWII, and given the corrosion rates of most metals from which ordnance is made, the inevitable problems with ordnance dumped, sunk, and fired into bodies of water (mostly in coastal regions) are catching up with us. The urgency is exacer-bated by biochemical changes in oceans due to climate change …
A Pressing Need: Decades Of Agreement, Few Results On Arms Record-Keeping,
2021
Centre for Armed Violence Reduction
A Pressing Need: Decades Of Agreement, Few Results On Arms Record-Keeping, Philip Alpers
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Recent developments in computerized record-keeping for state-owned arms, ammunition, and explosives now offer simple, affordable solutions in the lowest-capacity environments. A global partnership between Mines Advisory Group (MAG) and the developers of ArmsTracker soft-ware promises to break a twenty-year logjam that, until now, has denied comprehensive, affordable weapon and ammunition record-keeping systems to states in greatest need.
Mechanical Equipment In Ied Clearance: Observations From Iraq,
2021
United Nations Mine Action Service
Mechanical Equipment In Ied Clearance: Observations From Iraq, Pehr Lodhammar, Mark Wilkinson Ph.D.
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Mechanical equipment has been in the inventory of conventional military forces for the purposes of military engineering—including demining—since the Second World War. The integration of mechanical equipment into the United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS) Iraq clearance activities may have therefore seemed a natural evolution from what might be considered ‘conventional’ mine clearance, yet it brought with it a number of issues. First, the absence of any clear doctrine for the use of mechanical equipment in improvised explosive device (IED) clearance generated resistance and criticism from specialist IED clearance companies operating at that time in Iraq. It was argued that …
Hidden Crisis In Borno State,
2021
MAG (Mines Advisory Group)
Hidden Crisis In Borno State, Sean Sutton
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
At the end of 2019, Nigeria reported a significant increase of landmine, explosive remnants of war (ERW), and improvised explosive device (IED) contamination in its states. In 2019 alone, a total of 239 known mine casualties were recorded in Nigeria. Although the exact amount of contamination in Nigeria today is unknown, the Landmine & Cluster Munition Monitor asserts that Borno is the most heavily affected state in the country. Due to mounting mine contamination and increasing pressure from non-state armed groups (NSAG), internally displaced persons (IDPs) and communities are unable to safely return to the region. Extensive landmine use by …
Barrier Analysis And Explosive Ordnance Risk Education,
2021
The HALO Trust
Barrier Analysis And Explosive Ordnance Risk Education, Kim Fletcher, India Mcgrath
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
In early 2020, The HALO Trust (HALO) in partnership with Al Ghad conducted a "barrier analysis" with youth in Mosul, Iraq to determine the constraints they faced in adopting safer behaviors related to explosive ordnance (EO). Through the barrier analysis, HALO and Al Ghad found that youth with lower perceived self-efficacy, beliefs that an EO accident would not likely result in severe consequences, and friends who encouraged unsafe behaviors were all more likely to engage in less safe behaviors than their counterparts were. The findings enabled HALO and Al Ghad to tailor their EORE messaging to these barriers in an …
Tailoring Explosive Ordnance Risk Education: How Mag Addresses Gender/Cultural Sensitivities And Local Risk-Taking Behavior,
2021
MAG, Mines Advisory Group
Tailoring Explosive Ordnance Risk Education: How Mag Addresses Gender/Cultural Sensitivities And Local Risk-Taking Behavior, Sebastian Kasack
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The relevance of risk education is widely acknowledged as reflected in the Oslo Action Plan (OAP) with its distinct chapter on ‘Mine risk education and reduction’ and five explicit actions. Good risk education must be tailored. MAG’s experience delivering explosive ordnance risk education (EORE) in four-teen countries confirms the relevance of tailoring EORE to the local reality: to people’s risk taking behaviors, to the actual explosive ordnance (EO) threat, to seasonality, availability of people for risk education sessions, and approaches that re-spect gender and diversity and take conflict sensitivity into account.
Climate Change And Extreme Weather: How Can Mine Action Programs Adapt To Our Changing Environment?,
2021
Conflict and Environment Observatory
Climate Change And Extreme Weather: How Can Mine Action Programs Adapt To Our Changing Environment?, Linsey Cottrell, Carlie Stowe
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Extreme weather events around the world are already impacting land that is contaminated with explosive ordnance (EO). Chronicling these events is not yet standardized, but these events will become more frequent as our climate changes. The uncertainty around climate change, related risks, and how these will regionally impact mine action operations makes it difficult to prioritize and plan for mitigation and adaptation measures. With limited guidance currently in place for the mine action sector, the introduction of climate change adaptation principles must be supported, and operational and risk management plans must be scrutinized to ensure that any additional climate change–related …
Accident Response To Mitigate Risk: A Call To Action,
2021
U.S. Department of State
Accident Response To Mitigate Risk: A Call To Action, Lillian Gates
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Effective accident response in humanitarian mine action (HMA) contributes to increased safety in future demining work. Mine action organizations play a variety of roles in the improvement of accident response, with the U.S. Department of State’s Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement in the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs being the most recent to adjust their accident response process by establishing the Accident Review Panel (ARP). This panel consolidates the office’s efforts and allows for standardized accident response protocol and the collection and analysis of accident data. Other organizations active in cultivating better accident responses include the United Nations Mine Action …
Exploratory Study On The Current Limitations Of Personal Protective Equipment And The Potential For Innovation,
2021
Norwegian People's Aid
Exploratory Study On The Current Limitations Of Personal Protective Equipment And The Potential For Innovation, Kyaw Lin Htut
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Personal protective equipment (PPE) in mine action typically consists of a polycarbonate visor that fully covers the face and front neck, and body armor consisting of an apron made of aramid fabric (i.e., Kevlar) that fully covers the front torso, groin, and neck. PPE used in mine action is generally considered as “the last line of defense” since the primary method through which accidental deaths and injuries are prevented is through the application of and adherence to appropriate standard operating procedures (SOPs). However, with any operations, there is always an element of “acceptable risk,” and universal adherence to all SOPs …
Innovative Finance For Mine Action,
2021
The HALO Trust
Innovative Finance For Mine Action, Camille Wallen, Peter Nicholas, Anna Von Griesheim
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Achieving a world free of landmines will require at least US$1 billion in additional funding. Bridging this gap will require using all available funding sources and maximizing the efficiency of spending. Innovative finance can help achieve both aims by accessing funding not traditionally available for mine action. To explore these options further, the UK government commissioned work to examine the potential roles of innovative finance in mine action. After discussions with a range of stakeholders, a broad consensus emerged around three approaches. First, outcomes finance, whereby funding disburses against independently verified results, such as mine clearance and recovery of activity …
A Note From The Interim Director,
2021
James Madison University
A Note From The Interim Director, Cisr Jmu
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
No abstract provided.
The Journal Of Conventional Weapons Destruction, Issue 25.2,
2021
James Madison University
The Journal Of Conventional Weapons Destruction, Issue 25.2, Cisr Journal
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The Importance Of Improving Literacy Skills For Indonesian Women Migrant Workers In The Pre Departure Stage To Support Safe Migration (Sdg 10); Gender Sensitivity Approach,
2021
Padjajaran University
The Importance Of Improving Literacy Skills For Indonesian Women Migrant Workers In The Pre Departure Stage To Support Safe Migration (Sdg 10); Gender Sensitivity Approach, Bunga Aprillia, Ida Widianingsih, Junita Budi Rachman, Sinta Ningrum
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)
Women migrant workers from Indonesia are in great demand by placement countries to work in the domestic sector. West Java province ranks third largest as a contributor to the dominance of women migrant workers in Indonesia after Central Java and East Java. At the pre-placement stage their ability to understand all information about migration is very reliable. Prospective migrant workers must be given access to read, understood, and agree to every article in the employment agreement. Especially women, the dominance of the number of women working as migrant workers in the domestic sector adds to the condition of their vulnerability. …
An Evaluation Of Healthcare Outcomes In Kenya At The County Level From 1990 To 2019 With Special Focus On The Post-Devolution Period Of 2013 To 2019,
2021
University of South Alabama
An Evaluation Of Healthcare Outcomes In Kenya At The County Level From 1990 To 2019 With Special Focus On The Post-Devolution Period Of 2013 To 2019, Rodah Wangondu
Theses and Dissertations
Kenya experienced a political metamorphosis in 2010 with the enactment of a revised constitution that was associated with a devolution of government starting in 2013. As a result, 47 county governments were created and healthcare shifted from the national to the county level. This study specifically focuses on the county level in an effort to understand how devolution has affected both healthcare inputs and outcomes within the post-devolution period of 2013 to 2019. There are studies that have assessed some aspects of devolution such as healthcare workforce and there are others that have focused solely on outcomes. The following healthcare …
Covid 19 & Qanon: Enter The World Of Conspiracies,
2021
Chapman University
Covid 19 & Qanon: Enter The World Of Conspiracies, Gianluca Allesina
Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters
From Covid-19 to Qanon to a global warming hoax, we live in a world drowning in misinformation spread on the internet. Q-anonymous, a purposed government “leaker” is an alleged high-level government informant, according to Qanon followers, who posted cryptic messages about a satanic government on the now-defunct forum website, 8chan. This project will examine the possible relationship between a belief in various conspiracy theories associated with Qanon and how the Coronavirus affected rates of belief, utilizing the Chapman Survey of American Fears, a national study using a representative sample of U.S. adults. I expect to find that partisanship will play …
Broken Nest: Deterring China From Invading Taiwan,
2021
US Army War College
Broken Nest: Deterring China From Invading Taiwan, Jared M. Mckinney, Peter Harris
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Deterring a Chinese invasion of Taiwan without recklessly threatening a great-power war is both possible and necessary through a tailored deterrence package that goes beyond either fighting over Taiwan or abandoning it. This article joins cutting-edge understandings of deterrence with empirical evidence of Chinese strategic thinking and culture to build such a strategy.
Defeat Mechanisms In Modern Warfare,
2021
US Army War College
Defeat Mechanisms In Modern Warfare, Frank Hoffman
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
This article explores the current debate about service and Joint operating concepts, starting with the Army’s multi-domain operations concept. It argues for adaptations to an old operational design technique—defeat mechanisms; updates to Joint and service planning doctrine; and discipline regarding emerging concepts. Rather than debate over attrition versus maneuver, combinations of a suite of defeat mechanisms should be applied to gain victory in the future.
The Air Littoral: Another Look,
2021
US Army War College
The Air Littoral: Another Look, Maximilian K. Bremer, Kelly A. Grieco
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Assessing threats to the air littoral, the airspace between ground forces and high-end fighters and bombers, requires a paradigm change in American military thinking about verticality. This article explores the consequences of domain convergence, specifically for the Army and Air Force’s different concepts of control. It will assist US military and policy practitioners in conceptualizing the air littoral and in thinking more vertically about the air and land domains and the challenges of domain convergence.
The Grand Strategic Thought Of Colin S. Gray,
2021
US Army War College
The Grand Strategic Thought Of Colin S. Gray, Lukas Milevski
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Colin S. Gray distinguished himself from other scholars in the field of strategic studies with his belief that grand strategy is indispensable, complex, and inherently agential. This article identifies key themes, continuities, conceptual relationships, and potential discontinuities from his decades of grand strategic thought. Gray’s statement that “all strategy is grand strategy” remains highly relevant today, emphasizing the importance of agential context in military environments—a point often neglected in strategic practice.
Sherman And His Historians: An End To The Outsized Destroyer Myth?,
2021
US Army War College
Sherman And His Historians: An End To The Outsized Destroyer Myth?, Mitchell G. Klingenberg
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
For years, scholars have viewed the career of William Tecumseh Sherman in light of an antiquated destroyer myth and neglected his memoirs, which were written as a military textbook. This essay reviews Sherman’s legacy and literature, both of which contributed to the advancement of modern military thought. His experiences may serve as a prescriptive text to servicemembers, providing critical lessons on military warfare and philosophy still relevant today.
