Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons^™

Challenge Accepted: Self-Enhancement Through The Pursuit Of Difficulty, Julie Anne Steinke

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Individual resilience is popular topic whereby researchers attempt to identify characteristics of individuals who react positively to stress. However, such research uses a reactionary approach, attempting to characterize successful individuals after they experience adversity and does not explain why some individuals proactively seek out challenging circumstances. Pursuing challenge is a new construct that explains why individuals proactively increase stress as a strategic mechanism for developmental purposes. I developed and validated a measurement tool for pursuing challenge in multiple studies. Additionally, I explored relationships between pursuing challenge and similar constructs (e.g., grit, proactive personality, and self-efficacy), as well as the extent …

The Effectiveness Of Warnings At Reducing The Prevalence Of Insufficient Effort Responding, Caitlin E. Blackmore

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Unmotivated participants who fail to devote sufficient effort to their survey responses can influence the quality of self-report data. The majority of the published literature on this topic has concerned techniques for detecting insufficient effort responding (IER), whereas little attention has been given to developing effective procedures for preventing IER. There are numerous advantages to preventing IER, one of which is that discarding data is unnecessary. The current study examined the effects of a warning manipulation on the prevalence of IER and the quality of the resulting data. Statistically significant differences between conditions on four of the IER detection measures …

Understanding Relational Agility: Exploring Constructs Of Relational Leadership Through Story, David M.I. Mclean

Antioch University Full-Text Dissertations & Theses

Organizational storytelling was used within Tri Fit, a Canadian health promotion and fitness company, to explore relational leadership practices. Through 27 confidential one-on-one interviews and an interview of the four-person leadership team, the research attempted to examine how relational agility, a new leadership construct, exists, how it is defined, and to describe its organizational impacts. Two hundred and forty unique stories were shared through this process, out of which nine storylines emerged. The distillation of these revealed three cultural themes: a culture of relational connection; a culture of nice and a culture that values positivity. Demonstrations of transformational leadership, authentic …

Professional Hurt: The Untold Stories, Ruby Macksine Brown

Antioch University Full-Text Dissertations & Theses

The purpose of this study is to examine professional hurt across the public services of the Commonwealth Caribbean with a view toward creating what could probably be the first body of knowledge that will offer insights into its nature and relationship with the practice of leadership. The study also sought to explore an understanding of professional hurt that could inform the design of leadership development programs to help develop leaders who can navigate or avoid hurt. I utilized the biographical research approach to access the lived experiences of 20 public sector leaders across 9 independent Commonwealth Caribbean islands. Narrative thematic …

Effective Networked Nonprofit Organizations: Defining The Behavior And Creating An Instrument For Measurement, Andrea Leigh Hernandez

Antioch University Full-Text Dissertations & Theses

This correlational research design, which included a convenience sample of 157 nonprofit staff and board member responses to a Likert-type survey, was used to conduct a principle components analysis (PCA) to develop subscales related to networked nonprofits. As defined in the study, a networked nonprofit has a set of intentionally built trusting relationships and has systems and strategies that engage various stakeholders in meaningful conversations. They achieve their missions by developing strong partnerships where they invest in the goals of other organizations to mobilize resources for a common shared mission and values. While there were correlations between the level respondents …

Rater Characteristics In Performance Evaluation Accuracy, Shotaro Hakoyama

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The current study examined how various rater-level variables are related to performance ratings. Student participants watched a series of video clips depicting high, medium, and low levels of employee work performance. The participants then rated the performance of the employee depicted in the video on a graphic rating scale. The rater level variables examined for the current study included rater goals, cognitive ability, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. The results indicated that focusing the on the strength of the employee (strength goal) was associated with rating elevation and that rater conscientiousness was associated with rating deflation. Strength goal, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and cognitive …

Alternative Indices Of Performance: An Exploration Of Eye Gaze Metrics In A Visual Puzzle Task, Sheldon M. Russell

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Of interest to the U.S. Air Force is the ability to develop and characterize the level of workload that operators are under at any given point. When an operator's cognitive resources exceed demands, a 'red line' of performance may be crossed after which performance breaks down. What is needed is an estimate of operator state; a 'dipstick' for the operator in order to assess the level of 'resources' available, in order to avoid performance problems. Traditional approaches use secondary tasks (e.g., mental arithmetic) or secondary physiological measures (e.g., heart rate variability) for state assessment. However, the current work was motivated …

Goal Orientations And Self-Efficacy Interactions On Self-Set Goal Level, Truman Joseph Gore

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The current study examined the interactive effects of goal orientations (the tendencies of an individual to set specific types of goals, i.e., learning or performance goals), and self-efficacy (an evaluation of one's own competence on a task) on self-set goal levels and performance in an academic context. Past research has found that learning goal orientation and self-efficacy are both positively related to the difficulty of self-selected goals and to performance whereas avoid-performance goal orientation is negatively associated with both the difficulty of self-set goals and performance. The current study found that learning goal orientation and self-efficacy were positively related to …

Fear Of Discrimination And Leveraging Of Leadership Experience In Individuals Of Lgbtq Organizations, Megan Brianne Morris

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Awareness of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) community has exposed these individuals to unequal treatment in the workplace. One area where this mistreatment occurs is in the job application process. As a result, it is important to examine the job seeking behaviors of the LGBTQ community that are associated with this process. Student leaders of LGBTQ-focused groups face a unique challenge in the application process in regard to whether they should include their leadership experience on their resume, possibly exposing themselves to discrimination and bias. Only one study, to current knowledge, has focused on resume construction behavior …

Psychological Contract Breach By The Supervisor, Darrell Scott Kelly

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My study examined the effect of psychological contract breach by a supervisor on employee job outcomes (OCBs, CWBs, and job satisfaction). Also, I tested the moderating effects of the quality of a relationship between an employee and his or her supervisor, and an employee and his or her organization, on the psychological contract breach - job outcomes relationship. I found minimal support that employees distinguish between their supervisors and their organizations when assessing psychological contract breach. Also, I found no support that relationship quality had any moderating effects. However, I did find that LMX-I and LMX-O might measure the same …

Using Differential Functioning Of Items And Tests (Dfit) To Examine Targeted Differential Item Functioning, Erin L. O'Brien

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Current studies of differential item functioning (DIF) look at look at how groups differ in responding to items across an entire trait continuum. This is important for detecting the presence of consistent patterns of responses across items between groups of people. Current tests of DIF are limited in that they only detect differences between groups across all levels of the trait. However, selection decisions are usually made within specific ranges of trait levels. The purpose of this research was to determine if restricting theta values in an existing framework would be better at detecting DIF as current methods for restricted …

Shared Leadership In Team-Based Learning Classroom Teams And Its Relationship To Decision Quality, Elizabeth J. Peyton

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Team-based learning (TBL) is an increasingly popular teaching technique within healthcare education. However, much remains unknown about the processes underlying its effectiveness. I examined shared leadership behaviors in TBL teams and their relationship to academic performance and team decision quality both in the classroom and in an applied setting. To examine these relationships, I used round-robin peer evaluations that I analyzed using the Social Relations Model. Results failed to support my hypotheses. However, my study raised several issues that future researchers should consider: the relationship between shared and vertical leadership, proper conceptualization of Followership, using Social Relations Model estimates versus …

Cued Visual Search And Multisensory Enhancement, Jordan Haggit

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Previous research has been divided on whether or not multisensory cues can speed visual search relative to their component unisensory cues alone. Some studies (e.g., Mateo et al., 2012) found reaction times for multisensory cues were not faster than the RT of the faster component unisensory cue alone. Other studies (e.g., Oskarsson et al., 2012) found the multisensory cue to be faster than either unisensory cue alone (i.e., multisensory enhancement). This study aimed to determine whether the relative effectiveness match between auditory and tactile cues affects multisensory enhancement on a visual search task. In Experiment 1 we estimated for each …

Spirituality And Leadership: Integrating Spirituality As A Developmental Approach Of Improving Overall Leader Effectiveness, George Gregory Houston

Antioch University Full-Text Dissertations & Theses

The role of leadership continues to be a consistent topic of discussion whether you are considering the seminal work of Stogdill (1974), Burns (1978), Kouzes and Posner (1995), or Van Hooser's (2013) Leaders Ought to Know, one of Amazon's 2013 Top Ten Leadership books. A consistent question in leader development circles is-how can leaders be more effective in their role given the current state of leadership? One dimension of leadership development that is often overshadowed, downplayed, minimized, or completely ignored is the concept of spirituality. If the spiritual development of individual leaders can be integrated with other accepted leadership …

To Transform A Culture: The Rise And Fall Of The U.S. Army Organizational Effectiveness Program, 1970–1985, James Michael Young

Antioch University Full-Text Dissertations & Theses

In the early 1970s, following a decade of social upheaval in the US and a traumatizing military defeat in Vietnam, a group of progressive army officers, armed with recent graduate degrees in the social and behavioral sciences, created a grass roots movement that soon led to the implementation of the largest organizational development program ever conducted. Wartime atrocities and chronic careerism in the Army officer corps, along with President Richard Nixon’s promise to create an All-Volunteer Force (AVF), opened up a window of opportunity for these progressives to promote transformational leadership theories grounded in humanistic psychology. In institutionalizing OD across …

The Role Of Resilience In Individual Innovation, Muhammad T. Amir

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Organisations in today‘s changing environment face significant challenges, requiring continual innovation. A critical factor in their response may be employees‘ resilience, the ability to apply high levels of effort and persistence while initiating, promoting and applying new ideas. However, despite growing evidence of the value of many positive psychological characteristics in organisational behaviour, the role of resilience in individual innovation has received little attention in the literature.

This thesis describes two studies of this issue. First, current perspectives and definitions of resilience were reviewed, revealing a need for an improved definition, a re-examination of its dimensions and a new measure. …

Anticipated Regret In Time-Based Work-Family Conflict, Jessica Bagger, Jochen Reb, Andrew Li

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the role of anticipated regret in time-based work-family conflict decisions.

A total of 90 working parents responded to a decision making problem describing a time-based conflict between a work event and a family event. Participants' preference for which event to attend constituted the dependent variable. Independent variables were participants' work and family centralities. Anticipated regret for choosing the work option and anticipated regret for choosing the family option were measured as hypothesized mediators.

Structural equation modeling revealed that anticipated regret for choosing the family option mediated the relationship between work centrality …

Australian Psychologists' Perceptions And Experiences Of Client Threats, Penny Hyde

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

There is empirical evidence that workplace violence is increasing, particularly in settings where health care professionals such as psychologists are employed, and often these incidents are perpetrated by clients. Given that client violence can have wide ranging and serious consequences, it is not surprising that researchers are focussing on this issue. One notable finding is that psychologists feel that they do not have the training or confidence to manage the violent behaviour of clients. A review of the relevant literature was undertaken to determine why psychologists feel ill prepared for such incidents. Whilst there is a wide range of definitions …

Decelerating The Diminishing Returns Of Citizenship On Task Performance: The Role Of Social Context And Interpersonal Skill, Kemp Ellington, Erich Dierdorff, Robert Rubin

Erich C. Dierdorff

Recent scholarship on citizenship behavior demonstrates that engaging too often in these behaviors comes at the expense of task performance. In order to examine the boundary conditions of this relationship, we used resource allocation and social exchange theories to build predictions regarding moderators of the curvilinear association between citizenship and task performance. In a field study of 366 employees, we examined the relationship between the frequency of interpersonal helping behavior and task performance, and tested for the moderating influences of three social context features (social density, interdependence, and social support) and of employees’ levels of interpersonal skill. Results provided corroborating …

Individual Learning In Team Training: Self-Regulation And Team Context Effects, Kemp Ellington, Erich Dierdorff

Erich C. Dierdorff

Although many analysts recognize that team-level learning is reliant on the acquisition of learning content by individuals, very little research has examined individual-level learning during team training. In a sample of 70 teams (N = 380) that participated in a simulation-based team training setting designed to teach strategic decision-making, we examined how self-regulation during team training influenced the extent to which team members subsequently demonstrated individual mastery of the team training content. We also investigated the extent to which team characteristics moderated the relationships between self-regulation and learning outcomes. Multilevel mediation results indicated that self-efficacy fully mediated the effects of …