Cities In A Pandemic: Evidence From China, 2023 Syracuse University
Cities In A Pandemic: Evidence From China, Badi H. Baltagi, Ying Deng, Li Jing, Zhenlin Yang
Research Collection School Of Economics
This paper studies the impact of urban density, city government efficiency, and medical resources on COVID-19 infection and death outcomes in China. We adopt a simultaneous spatial dynamic panel data model to account for (i) the simultaneity of infection and death outcomes, (ii) the spatial pattern of the transmission, (iii) the intertemporal dynamics of the disease, and (iv) the unobserved city-specific and time-specific effects. We find that, while population density increases the level of infections, government efficiency significantly mitigates the negative impact of urban density. We also find that the availability of medical resources improves public health outcomes conditional on …
Hypothesis Testing Via Posterior-Test-Based Bayes Factors, 2023 Singapore Management University
Hypothesis Testing Via Posterior-Test-Based Bayes Factors, Yong Li, Nianling Wang, Jun Yu, Yonghui Zhang
Research Collection School Of Economics
Hypothesis testing via p-value has been criticized in recent years. Bayes factors (BFs) have been tipped as a possible replacement of p-value for hypothesis testing. However, the standard BFs suffer from some theoretical and practical difficulties. For example, they are not well defined under improper priors and are subject to Jeffreys-Lindley-Bartlett’s paradox under vague priors. Moreover, they are difficult to compute for many models. In this paper, we propose to compare sampling distributions of the posterior-test-based statistics for hypothesis testing. Two posterior-test-based BFs are constructed from the posterior version of the likelihood ratio test and the Wald test, respectively. Under …
Asymptotic Theory For Explosive Fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Processes, 2023 Singapore Management University
Asymptotic Theory For Explosive Fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Processes, Hui Jiang, Yajuan Pan, Weilin Liao, Qingshan Yang, Jun Yu
Research Collection School Of Economics
This paper proposes estimators for the parameters of an explosive fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. The asymptotic properties for the diffusion estimators are developed under the in-fill asymptotic scheme, while the asymptotic properties for the drift estimators are developed under the double asymptotic scheme for the full range of the Hurst parameter. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed estimators, and the asymptotic distributions provide a good approximation in finite samples. Empirical applications are presented to demonstrate the model’s usefulness and the practical value of the asymptotic theory.
Competing Social Influence In Contested Diffusion: Luther, Erasmus And The Spread Of The Protestant Reformation, 2023 Monash University
Competing Social Influence In Contested Diffusion: Luther, Erasmus And The Spread Of The Protestant Reformation, Sascha O. Becker, Steven Pfaff, Yuan Hsiao, Jared Rubin
ESI Working Papers
The spread of radical institutional change does not often result from one-sided pro-innovation influence; countervailing influence networks in support of the status quo can suppress adoption. We develop a model of multiple and competing network diffusion. To apply the contested-diffusion model to real data, we look at the contest between Martin Luther and Desiderius Erasmus, the two most influential intellectuals of early 16th-century Central Europe. Whereas Luther championed a radical reform of the Western Church that broke with Rome, Erasmus opposed him, stressing the unity of the Church. In the early phase of the Reformation, these two figures utilized influence …
Modeling And Forecasting Realized Volatility With The Fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process, 2023 Fudan University
Modeling And Forecasting Realized Volatility With The Fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process, Xiaohu Wang, Weilin Xiao, Jun Yu
Research Collection School Of Economics
This paper proposes to model and forecast realized volatility (RV) using the fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (fO-U) process with a general Hurst parameter, H. A two-stage method is introduced for estimating parameters in the fO-U process based on discrete-sampled observations. In the first stage, H is estimated based on the ratio of two second-order differences of observations from different frequencies. In the second stage, with the estimated , the other parameters of the model are estimated by the method of moments. All estimators have closed-form expressions and are easy to implement. A large sample theory of the proposed estimators is derived. Extensive …
Covariate Adjustment In Experiments With Matched Pairs, 2023 Singapore Management University
Covariate Adjustment In Experiments With Matched Pairs, Yuehao Bai, Liang Jiang, Joseph P. Romano, Azeem M. Shaikh, Yichong Zhang
Research Collection School Of Economics
This paper studies inference on the average treatment effect in experiments in which treatment status is determined according to “matched pairs” and it is additionally desired to adjust for observed, baseline covariates to gain further precision. By a “matched pairs” design, we mean that units are sampled i.i.d. from the population of interest, paired according to observed, baseline covariates and finally, within each pair, one unit is selected at random for treatment. Importantly, we presume that not all observed, baseline covariates are used in determining treatment assignment. We study a broad class of estimators based on a “doubly robust” moment …
Fully Modified Least Squares Cointegrating Parameter Estimation In Multicointegrated Systems, 2023 HSE University
Fully Modified Least Squares Cointegrating Parameter Estimation In Multicointegrated Systems, Igor L. Kheifets, Peter C. B. Phillips
Research Collection School Of Economics
Multicointegration is traditionally defined as a particular long run relationship among variables in a parametric vector autoregressive model that introduces additional cointegrating links between these variables and partial sums of the equilibrium errors. This paper departs from the parametric model, using a semiparametric formulation that reveals the explicit role that singularity of the long run conditional covariance matrix plays in determining multicointegration. The semiparametric framework has the advantage that short run dynamics do not need to be modeled and estimation by standard techniques such as fully modified least squares (FM-OLS) on the original system is straightforward. The paper derives FM-OLS …
An Experimental Test Of Algorithmic Dismissals, 2023 Chapman University
An Experimental Test Of Algorithmic Dismissals, Brice Corgnet
ESI Working Papers
We design a laboratory experiment in which a human or an algorithm decides which of two workers to dismiss. The algorithm automatically dismisses the least productive worker whereas human bosses have full discretion over their decisions. Using performance metrics and questionnaires, we find that fired workers react more negatively to human than to algorithmic decisions in a broad range of tasks. We show that spitefulness exacerbated this negative reaction. Our findings suggest algorithms could help tame negative reactions to dismissals.
The Methodology Of Multiple Regressions For Gdp Per Capita For Nations In The World Between 0 Ce And 1940, 2023 Ashland University
The Methodology Of Multiple Regressions For Gdp Per Capita For Nations In The World Between 0 Ce And 1940, Robert Rogers
The Journal of Economics and Politics
A reduced-form model of GDP per capita is estimated using the classical econometric method and two Bayesian techniques, Extreme Bounds Analysis (EBA) and Bayesian Analysis of Classical Estimation (BACE) for the two millenniums. For several variables, such as the impact of colonialism, the Goldstone hypothesis of efflorescence increasing economic growth, and the impact of technology, this paper lends support, especially when the Bayesian methods are applied. Other results are mixed. Generally, the results support use of Bayesian methods by eliminating hypotheses that are not consistently supported over all models.
Association Between Low Health Literacy And Adverse Health Behaviors In North Carolina, 2016, 2023 Appalachian State University
Association Between Low Health Literacy And Adverse Health Behaviors In North Carolina, 2016, Manan Roy, Adam Hege, Erin D. Bouldin
Journal of Appalachian Health
Introduction: Health literacy (HL) is an urgent public health challenge facing the U.S. HL is a critical factor in health inequities and exacerbates underlying social determinants of health.
Purpose: This study assesses the association between low HL (LHL) and adverse health behaviors, which contribute to poor health.
Methods: Researchers used North Carolina’s 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, namely, the Health Literacy optional module which asks respondents to rate how difficult it is for them to get health-related advice or to understand medical information (verbal or written). Health behaviors analyzed were excessive alcohol consumption, lack of adequate exercise and …
A Forestry Trade Data Discrepancy Analysis, 2023 Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
A Forestry Trade Data Discrepancy Analysis, Morgan Alyce Daigle
LSU Master's Theses
Trade data across multiple databases experience unavailability across some countries/forestry products, inconsistency, and unreliability; and these qualities manifest as discrepancies in the data. Literature provides evidence of discrepancies and inconsistencies within international trade statistics, including documented cases in which they are present within agriculture sector trade.
While researchers have worked to pinpoint factors to explain discrepancies, studies on the forestry trade databases are not as prevalent. Therefore, more research needs to be conducted to identify discrepancies within forest sector products trade data to understand the nature of discrepancies found between different bilateral trading partners.
The goal of this thesis is …
Effects Of The Raising The Minimum Legal Purchasing Age For Tobacco On Cigarette, Cocaine And Inhalant Consumption, 2023 CUNY Hunter College
Effects Of The Raising The Minimum Legal Purchasing Age For Tobacco On Cigarette, Cocaine And Inhalant Consumption, Ahmed Adil
Theses and Dissertations
Over the past few years, several states have passed laws that increase the minimum legal purchasing age (MLPA) for tobacco from 18 to 21 years. This study examines the impact of statewide MLPA laws on youth tobacco consumption. Using data from the 2009-2019 Youth Risky Behavior Surveys (YRBS) and a difference-in-differences approach, I find that the enactment of MLPA laws is associated with a decrease in tobacco usage among adolescents. I also find that MLPA laws have important spillover effects to other youth risky behaviors. MLPA law adoption is associated with a reduction in cocaine use and inhalant abuse.
Gambling On Growth: An Analysis Of The Early Impact Of Historical Horse Racing On Kentucky’S Thoroughbred Industry, 2023 University of Kentucky
Gambling On Growth: An Analysis Of The Early Impact Of Historical Horse Racing On Kentucky’S Thoroughbred Industry, Barrett W. Kerr
Theses and Dissertations--Agricultural Economics
With a continuous decline in on-track wagering on Thoroughbred racing, racetrack operators are exploring alternative revenue sources to fund purses and create better quality racing. Historical Horse Racing (HHR), which represents one of the most recent advancements in parimutuel wagering, has become a popular system used by many states to offset the live wagering decline. Proponents of HHR suggest that this alternative wagering option will benefit the live racing industry. Using data from Kentucky racetracks from 2002 – 2021, this study examines the relationship between HHR wagering and key industry metrics, such as purses, on-track wagering, sales prices, and foal …
Evaluating The Effect Of Nil Laws On College Athletic Department Revenue, 2023 University of Montana
Evaluating The Effect Of Nil Laws On College Athletic Department Revenue, Dylan C. Cherullo
Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts
This paper examines the impact of Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) laws on revenue for public Division I universities' athletic departments, challenging the long-standing debate within the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA). Utilizing panel data from the Knight Commission on College Athletics, which encompasses over 350 public Division I universities from 2002 to 2021, this study employs a difference-in-differences model. The model investigates state-level changes in university athletic department revenue from sponsorships (sponsrev), with special focus on the post-NIL law era. The analysis is bolstered by controls for various factors including ESPN’s FPI data, coach and equipment expenditures, and COVID-19 …
What It Takes To Be The Best: The Competitive Balance In Formula 1 Racing, 2023 Bard College
What It Takes To Be The Best: The Competitive Balance In Formula 1 Racing, Dylan Jung
Senior Projects Spring 2023
Competitive balance is an essential aspect of sports that ensures every team or player has a fair chance of winning, which creates a level playing field. It refers to the degree of parity between teams or players in a particular sport, and it is a critical factor that contributes to the overall excitement and engagement of fans. A lack of competitive balance can lead to decrease fan engagement and interest, which can ultimately impact the financial viability of the sport. The results of this study have provided valuable insights into the concept of competitive balance in Formula One. Maintaining competitive …
Earnings Gap Between Urban And Rural Migrant Workers In Vietnam, 2023 Bucknell University
Earnings Gap Between Urban And Rural Migrant Workers In Vietnam, Kristen Le
Honors Theses
This thesis studies whether there is an earnings disparity between urban and rural migrant workers in Vietnam’s urban areas and whether that earnings gap is due to individual characteristics and human capital levels or other unobserved factors. In this paper, urban workers, or urban residents, are workers who have household registration status in the urban cities where they work. On the other hand, rural migrant workers, or rural-to-urban migrants, are defined as workers who live and work in urban cities but have their registered household statuses in other rural areas. Using the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey (VHLSS) in 2008, …
Formal Covariate Benchmarking To Bound Omitted Variable Bias, 2023 University of Massachusetts - Amherst
Formal Covariate Benchmarking To Bound Omitted Variable Bias, Deepankar Basu
Economics Department Working Paper Series
Covariate benchmarking is an important part of sensitivity analysis about omitted variable bias and can be used to bound the strength of the unobserved confounder using information and judgments about observed covariates. It is common to carry out formal covariate benchmarking after residualizing the unobserved confounder on the set of observed covariates. In this paper, I explain the rationale and details of this procedure. I clarify some important details of the process of formal covariate benchmarking and highlight some of the difficulties of interpretation that researchers face in reasoning about the residualized part of unobserved confounders. I explain all the …
The Yule-Frisch-Waugh-Lovell Theorem For Linear Instrumental Variables Estimation, 2023 Department of Economics, UMass Amherst
The Yule-Frisch-Waugh-Lovell Theorem For Linear Instrumental Variables Estimation, Deepankar Basu
Economics Department Working Paper Series
In this paper, I discuss three aspects of the Frisch-Waugh-Lovell theorem. First, I show that the theorem holds for linear instrumental variables estimation of a multiple regression model that is either exactly or overidentified. I show that with linear instrumental variables estimation: (a) coefficients on endogenous variables are identical in full and partial (or residualized) regressions; (b) residual vectors are identical for full and partial regressions; and (c) estimated covariance matrices of the coefficient vectors from full and partial regressions are equal (up to a degree of freedom correction) if the estimator of the error vector is a function only …
Alternative Approaches To Labor Values And Prices Of Production: Theory And Evidence, 2023 Department of Economics, UMass Amherst
Alternative Approaches To Labor Values And Prices Of Production: Theory And Evidence, Deepankar Basu, Athanasios Moraitis
Economics Department Working Paper Series
In this paper, we discuss three approaches to estimating classical prices of production(long run equilibrium prices) in both a circulating capital model and a model that includes capital stock: the Standard Interpretation of Marx’s value theory, the New Interpretation of Marx’s value theory, and the Sraffian approach to prices of production. We add two refinements to both models: (a) allowing for differential wages rates across industries; and(b) taking account of unproductive industries in labor value calculations. We implement(a) the circulating capital models using harmonized input-output data from the World Input Output Database for 37 countries for the period 2000–2014, and …
Impact Of Charging Infrastructure On Electric Vehicle Sales: An Analysis From Counties In 13 Us States, 2023 Gettysburg College
Impact Of Charging Infrastructure On Electric Vehicle Sales: An Analysis From Counties In 13 Us States, Shubh N. Parekh
Gettysburg Economic Review
Adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), has become a priority for the government because of the constant threat of climate change. Over the years, government monetary incentives like tax credits, tax rebates, and other monetary subsidies are the leading way to increase electric vehicle sales in the United States. While these incentives are necessary to combat the high costs of electric vehicles (EVs), there hasn’t been too much attention given to combat range anxiety. Since EVs are run on lithium-ion batteries, there is a limited range for different EVs, with the maximum being around …