Estimating The Accuracy Of Automated Classification Systems Using Only Expert Ratings That Are Less Accurate Than The System, 2015 The MITRE Corporation
Estimating The Accuracy Of Automated Classification Systems Using Only Expert Ratings That Are Less Accurate Than The System, Paul E. Lehner
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
A method is presented to estimate the accuracy of an automated classification system based only on expert ratings on test cases, where the system may be substantially more accurate than the raters. In this method an estimate of overall rater accuracy is derived from the level of inter-rater agreement, Bayesian updating based on estimated rater accuracy is applied to estimate a ground truth probability for each classification on each test case, and then overall system accuracy is estimated by comparing the relative frequency that the system agrees with the most probable classification at different probability levels. A simulation analysis provides …
Modeling Probability Of Causal And Random Impacts, 2015 GfK
Modeling Probability Of Causal And Random Impacts, Stan Lipovetsky, Igor Mandel
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
The method of the estimation of the probability of an event occurring under the influence of the causal and random effects is considered. Epistemological differences from the traditional approaches to causality are discussed, and a new model of the statistical estimation of the parameters of each effect is proposed. The simple and effective algorithms of the model parameters estimation are presented, and numerical simulations are performed. A practical marketing example is analyzed. The results support the validity of the estimation procedure and open the perspective for the application of the method for various decision making problems, where different causes can …
Spss Programs For Addressing Two Forms Of Power For Multiple Regression Coefficients, 2015 Humboldt State University
Spss Programs For Addressing Two Forms Of Power For Multiple Regression Coefficients, Christopher Aberson
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
This paper presents power analysis tools for multiple regression. The first takes input of correlations between variables and sample size and outputs power for multiple predictors. The second addresses power to detect significant effects for all of the predictors in the model. Both employ user-friendly SPSS Custom Dialogs.
Estimating The Strength Of An Association Based On A Robust Smoother, 2015 University of Southern California
Estimating The Strength Of An Association Based On A Robust Smoother, Rand Wilcox
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
It is known that the more obvious parametric approaches to fitting a regression line to data are often not flexible enough to provide an adequate approximation of the true regression line. Many nonparametric regression estimators, often called smoothers, have been derived that are aimed at dealing with this problem. The paper deals with the issue of estimating the strength of an association based on the fit obtained by a robust smoother. A simple approach, already known, is to estimate explanatory power in a fairly obvious manner. This approach has been found to perform reasonably well when using the smoother LOESS. …
Are Per-Family Type I Error Rates Relevant In Social And Behavioral Science?, 2015 California State University - Los Angeles
Are Per-Family Type I Error Rates Relevant In Social And Behavioral Science?, Andrew V. Frane
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
The familywise Type I error rate is a familiar concept in hypothesis testing, whereas the per‑family Type I error rate is rarely addressed. This article uses Monte Carlo simulations and graphics to make a case for the relevance of the per‑family Type I error rate in research practice and pedagogy.
Per Family Or Familywise Type I Error Control: "Eether, Eyether, Neether, Nyther, Let's Call The Whole Thing Off!", 2015 University of Manitoba
Per Family Or Familywise Type I Error Control: "Eether, Eyether, Neether, Nyther, Let's Call The Whole Thing Off!", H. J. Keselman
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
Frane (2015) pointed out the difference between per-family and familywise Type I error control and how different multiple comparison procedures control one method but not necessarily the other. He then went on to demonstrate in the context of a two group multivariate design containing different numbers of dependent variables and correlations between variables how the per-family rate inflates beyond the level of significance. In this article I reintroduce other newer better methods of Type I error control. These newer methods provide more power to detect effects than the per-family and familywise techniques of control yet maintain the overall rate of …
Per Family Error Rates: A Response, 2015 Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
Per Family Error Rates: A Response, James F. Troendle, Keshia-Lee Martin, Vance W. Berger
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
As the authors note, the familywise error rate (FWER) is used rather often, whereas the per-family error rate (PFER) is not. Is this as it should be? It would seem that no universal answer is possible, as context determines which is more appropriate in any given application. In the general scenario of testing the benefit of an intervention, one might ideally want an error rate that aligns with the decision for benefit. In most cases the FWER does this pretty well, while allowing one to identify those endpoints for which benefit exists. The PFER does not seem to have any …
The Effects Of Enhanced And Decreased Expectations On Balance Performance In Those With And Without Parkinson’S Disease, 2015 University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The Effects Of Enhanced And Decreased Expectations On Balance Performance In Those With And Without Parkinson’S Disease, Joshua Ostrander, Granuaile Parrish, Jacob Blood
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Background: It has been reported individuals typically perform well on a task when enhanced expectancy was provided prior to task performance. It has also been reported people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are especially susceptible to pre-task placebo cuing and suggestion. Evidence of this susceptibility has been previously demonstrated through brain imaging studies and with demonstration by individuals with PD improved balance performance.
Objective: This study was designed to further previous studies’ results for improved task performance with enhanced expectancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the pre-task verbal delivery of enhanced expectancy, decreased expectancy and no expectancy …
Patient No-Show For Outpatient Physical Therapy: A National Survey, 2015 University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Patient No-Show For Outpatient Physical Therapy: A National Survey, James Bokinskie, Payton Johnson, Trevor Mahoney
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Introduction: Patients who fail to show for scheduled medical appointments (no-show) create a cascade of issues for the health care system, the provider, and themselves. No-show can affect clinical productivity, cost and quality of care, and treatment outcomes. There is an overwhelming lack of research on no-show as it relates to outpatient physical therapy in the United States. The purposes of this study were to report national no-show rates, describe the presence and characteristics of no-show policies, determine the relationship of these policies and other demographic information to no-show rates, and describe the most commonly perceived reasons for no-show.
Methods: …
The Effects Of Instruction On Landing Strategies In Female College-Aged Dancers And Non-Dancers: A Pilot Study, 2015 University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The Effects Of Instruction On Landing Strategies In Female College-Aged Dancers And Non-Dancers: A Pilot Study, Brittany Keating, Jason Pyfer, Kimberly Vialpando
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Background Female athletic participation has increased over the past decade and with it the prevalence of knee injuries. Current research demonstrates an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury for female athletes. However, a number of studies have pointed out that ballet and modern dancers exhibit a lower incidence of ACL injuries despite the fact that they perform jumping and landing frequently.
Objective The objective of this study was to examine how dance experience and instruction affect the lower extremity biomechanics during drop landings. Specifically, lower extremity joint alignment and muscle activation of gluteus maximus and gluteus medius were …
Immediate Effects Of Cervical Spine Manipulation On Gait Parameters In Individuals With And Without Mechanical Neck Pain, 2015 University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Immediate Effects Of Cervical Spine Manipulation On Gait Parameters In Individuals With And Without Mechanical Neck Pain, Jordan Isom, Shaylyn Kennedy, Justin May, Samuel Moore
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine 1) if there were any differences in gait parameters between participants with mechanical neck pain and those without and 2) if cervical spine manipulation has an immediate effect on these gait parameters.
Methods: Twenty participants with mechanical neck pain and twenty participants without neck pain were randomly assigned into either the sham or manipulation group. The two intervention groups participated in walking across a GAITRite Walkway that recorded gait parameters such as stride length, cadence and step width before and after cervical spine manipulation. The participants walked at their own cadence …
The Immediate Effects Of Cervicothoracic Manipulation Versus Stretching On Upper Trapezius Pressure Pain Thresholds And Range Of Motion In Individuals Without Neck Pain, 2015 University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The Immediate Effects Of Cervicothoracic Manipulation Versus Stretching On Upper Trapezius Pressure Pain Thresholds And Range Of Motion In Individuals Without Neck Pain, Kevin Carr, Morgan King, Erin Oelklaus, Brendan Parry
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Background and Purpose: Myofascial pain may be considered one of the most common clinical findings in patients with neck pain (NP). Motor aspects of myofascial pain include disturbed motor function and muscle weakness secondary to motor inhibition, muscle stiffness, and restricted range of motion (ROM). Currently, it is unclear which interventions may have the greatest immediate impact on pressure pain sensitivity and ROM. Several studies have demonstrated improved pressure pain thresholds (PPT) after cervical manipulation; however, it is not clear if manipulation targeted to the cervicothoracic (CT) junction will have a similar effect. Others recommend stretching as a method to …
Four Weeks Of Minimalist Style Running Training Reduced Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Activation During Shod Running, 2015 University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Four Weeks Of Minimalist Style Running Training Reduced Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Activation During Shod Running, Stephanie Barton, David Brown, Talia Joyce
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Background and Purpose: Research has shown that the risk of low back dysfunctions in runners is related to the increased mileage of distance running. Repetitive shock loading of the spinal structures during running has been indicated as one of the important biomechanical mechanisms underlying such injury. Acute changes in foot strike pattern, like those seen during minimalist style running, have been shown to lead to modifications in lumbar range of motion. Minimalist style running could lead to changes in lumbar biomechanics and muscle activation, potentially reducing the loading on the musculoskeletal structures of the lower back. However, the long term …
Comparing Usability And Variance Of Low- And High Technology Approaches To Gait Analysis In Health Adults, 2015 University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Comparing Usability And Variance Of Low- And High Technology Approaches To Gait Analysis In Health Adults, John Mcconnell, Brian Silverman
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the usability, reliability, and objectivity of four tools that represented varying gait analysis technologies used in clinical practice and/or research. Low technology clinical tools included the Gait Abnormality Rating Scale (GARS-M) and the Rancho Los Amigos Observational Gait Analysis (Rancho OGA). High technology tools included the GAITRiteÒ computerized walkway, and the APDM Mobility LabÔ wearable sensor system.
Subjects: 74 healthy adults ages 18-41 years (mean = 24.82, SD = 4.39) 33 males and 40 females.
Methods: Subjects were instructed to walk at a self-selected speed for two minutes …
Roulette: More Than Just A Chance, 2015 University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Roulette: More Than Just A Chance, David Abuhanna
Honors College Theses
Data were generated using a physical roulette wheel to test whether an association exists between initial conditions (the pocket from which the ball is released) and output (the pocket where the ball lands). I have generated data to determine whether there exists statistical significance in distributions of adjoined pockets. Using the statistical software Excel for data tabulation and mapping and using R for statistical computations, I determined a possible method for cheating. I also established an association does in fact exist between initial conditions and output. The existence of this association diminishes roulette as a game of "pure" chance. The …
A Comparison Of Population-Averaged And Cluster-Specific Approaches In The Context Of Unequal Probabilities Of Selection, 2015 University of Nebraska-Lincoln
A Comparison Of Population-Averaged And Cluster-Specific Approaches In The Context Of Unequal Probabilities Of Selection, Natalie A. Koziol
College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Sampling designs of large-scale, federally funded studies are typically complex, involving multiple design features (e.g., clustering, unequal probabilities of selection). Researchers must account for these features in order to obtain unbiased point estimators and make valid inferences about population parameters. Single-level (i.e., population-averaged) and multilevel (i.e., cluster-specific) methods provide two alternatives for modeling clustered data. Single-level methods rely on the use of adjusted variance estimators to account for dependency due to clustering, whereas multilevel methods incorporate the dependency into the specification of the model.
Although the literature comparing single-level and multilevel approaches is vast, comparisons have been limited to the …
The Minimal Zn-Symmetric Graphs That Are Not Zn-Spherical, 2015 Wright State University - Main Campus
The Minimal Zn-Symmetric Graphs That Are Not Zn-Spherical, Lowell Abrams, Dan Slilaty
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
Given a graph G equipped with faithful and fixed-point-free Γ-action (Γ a finite group) we define an orbit minor H of G to be a minor of G for which the deletion and contraction sets are closed under the Γ-action. The orbit minor H inherits a Γ-symmetry from G, and when the contraction set is acyclic the action inherited by H remains faithful and fixed-point free. When G embeds in the sphere and the Γ-action on G extends to a Γ-action on the entire sphere, we say that G is Γ-spherical. In this paper we determine for every odd value …
Analytical Comparison Of Contrasting Approaches To Estimating Competing Risks Models, 2015 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Analytical Comparison Of Contrasting Approaches To Estimating Competing Risks Models, Brian Stephen Rickard
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Survival analysis is a commonly used tool in many fields but has seen little use in education research despite a common number of research questions for which it is well suited. Researchers often use logistic regression instead; however, this omits useful information. In research on retention and graduation for example, the timing of the event is an important piece of information omitted when using logistic regression. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate four methods of analyzing competing risks survival data, Cox proportional hazards regression, Weibull regression, Fine and Gray's Method, and Cox proportional hazards regression with frailty. College student …
Vol. 14, No. 1 (Full Issue), 2015 Wayne State University
Vol. 14, No. 1 (Full Issue), Jmasm Editors
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
.
Comparison Of Bayesian Credible Intervals To Frequentist Confidence Intervals, 2015 California State University-Chico
Comparison Of Bayesian Credible Intervals To Frequentist Confidence Intervals, Kathy Gray, Brittany Hampton, Tony Silveti-Falls, Allison Mcconnell, Casey Bausell
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
Frequentist confidence intervals were compared with Bayesian credible intervals under a variety of scenarios to determine when Bayesian credible intervals outperform frequentist confidence intervals. Results indicated that Bayesian interval estimation frequently produces results with precision greater than or equal to the frequentist method.