The Physics In Natural Ventilation Of Cities And Buildings,
2018
University of Hong Kong
The Physics In Natural Ventilation Of Cities And Buildings, Yuguo Li
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Asian cities are mostly taller, denser, deeper and larger than those in the West, and the magnitudes of building drag or urban heat island circulation and their effects on city ventilation are also stronger. The physics of urban climate in these large cities is complex, as a combined result of local circulation and synoptic winds modified by the mountainous topography and land/sea breeze, if any. Natural ventilation of a city refers to the penetration and distribution of rural air into an urban canopy layer. The weakened city ventilation has become one major reason for worsening urban warming and air pollution …
Green Infrastructure And Urban Sustainability: Recent Advances And Future Challenges,
2018
Columbia University
Green Infrastructure And Urban Sustainability: Recent Advances And Future Challenges, Patricia J. Culligan, Robert A.W. Carleton, Christine S. Carleton
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Although the majority of urban green infrastructure (GI) programs in the United States, and elsewhere, are being driven by stormwater management challenges arising as a result of the impervious nature of modern cities, GI is also believed to provide other benefits that enhance urban sustainability. This paper discusses the role that GI systems might play in urban climate adaptation strategies for cities like New York City, where increases in both temperature and precipitation are projected over the coming decades. Examples of work conducted by the author and colleagues in New York City to quantify the performance of urban GI are …
Experimental Validation Of A Model For Naturally Ventilated Double-Skin Facades,
2018
Politecnico di Milano
Experimental Validation Of A Model For Naturally Ventilated Double-Skin Facades, Alessandro Dama, Matteo Dopudi, Olena Kalyanova Larsen
International Building Physics Conference 2018
The steady state thermal model discussed in this paper is devoted to predict the temperatures and heat fluxes through a naturally ventilated DSF, having solar radiation and environmental temperatures as inputs. It is coupled with a fluid-dynamic model, based on a pressure loop, which takes into account both buoyancy and wind pressure at the openings. The model has been validated against experimental data, basing on the prediction of the internal surface temperature of the DSF. Results show acceptable accuracy in the prediction of the heat flux towards the inside, even though they reveal a slight heat flux overestimation associated with …
Hygrothermal Performance Of Sealed Attics In Climate Zone 3a,
2018
Owens Corning, OH
Hygrothermal Performance Of Sealed Attics In Climate Zone 3a, Mikael Salonvaara, Achilles Karagiozis, William Miller
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Sealed attics with fiberglass have been in the US building codes for several codes cycles. Prior to the IRC 2018, air permeable insulation (such as fiberglass) was previously allowed to be deployed without continuous air impermeable insulation only in dry climate zones 2B and 3B in tile roofs systems. New research has revealed that asphalt shingles can also be allowed as implemented in the new IRC 2018 with a new addition to the section for sealed attics using air permeable insulations. The new building code also permits the use of air permeable insulation without air impermeable insulation in climate zones …
Hygrothermal Assessment Of North Facing, Cold Attic Spaces Under The Eaves With Varying Single Sided Passive Ventilation Strategies And Infiltration Scenarios, In A Cool, Temperate Climate,
2018
Technical University of Denmark
Hygrothermal Assessment Of North Facing, Cold Attic Spaces Under The Eaves With Varying Single Sided Passive Ventilation Strategies And Infiltration Scenarios, In A Cool, Temperate Climate, Nickolaj Feldt Jensen, Søren Peter Bjarløv, Christopher Just Johnston, Casper F. H. Pold, Morten Hjorslev Hansen, Ruut Hannele Peuhkuri
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Relative humidity and temperature were measured in cold attic spaces under the eaves with diffusion-open roofing underlay to investigate different ventilation strategies, the influence of infiltration, and exterior insulated roofing underlay. The project was carried out as a full-scale experimental setup in the cool, temperate climate in Lyngby, Denmark. The objective was to test if the best practice recommendations concerning design of the cold attic space will prevent damaging moisture levels in the attics. Measurements do however indicate that complying with recommendations will not ensure satisfactory moisture levels in the attic spaces. A comparison of the passive ventilation strategies in …
Experimental Analysis On A Solar Air Heating Façade System,
2018
Politecnico di Torino
Experimental Analysis On A Solar Air Heating Façade System, Valeria Longo, Francesco Isaia, Stefano Fantucci, Lorenza Bianco, Valentina Serra, Ruut Hannele Peuhkuri
International Building Physics Conference 2018
In this study, investigations on the thermal performance of a solar air heating façade system were carried out. The system consists of a double skin building envelope composed by an opaque internal face, with a novel solar absorbent layer and a glazed external face. This kind of system, particularly suitable to refurbish existing building envelopes, is designed to work as a fan-assisted air supply, which mitigates the heating and ventilation demand during the winter period. An experimental campaign was set up using a full scale façade module in order to thoroughly characterize its thermal behavior and the air flow rate. …
Moisture Robustness Of Eaves Solutions For Ventilated Roofs – Experimental Studies,
2018
SINTEF, Norway
Moisture Robustness Of Eaves Solutions For Ventilated Roofs – Experimental Studies, Steinar Grynning, Silje Kathrin Asphaug, Lars Gullbrekken, Berit Time
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Ventilated pitched wooden roofs with eaves (roof overhangs) is a common building practice in the Scandinavian countries. The eaves are protecting the façade from rain, wind driven rain (WDR) and snow, and it covers the roof ventilation aperture. The eaves should be designed so that the least possible amounts of rainwater and snow enters the ventilation aperture between the roof cladding- and underlayer roofing. At the same time, adequate ventilation of the roof must be ensured to promote proper drying-out capabilities of the roof and to avoid problems of snow melt and ice formation at eaves and gutters during winter …
Thermal Performance Of Novel Natural Ventilation Apertures In A High-
Performance Single-Family House,
2018
University at Buffalo
Thermal Performance Of Novel Natural Ventilation Apertures In A High- Performance Single-Family House, Martha Bohm
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Natural ventilation provides opportunities to reduce residential cooling load in summer, but increasing the operability of a façade potentially increases infiltration, which is already a source of significant winter heat load. Solving both of these simultaneously is challenging. The test building for this study was a prototype house containing a novel ventilator detail which allows for porosity for summer ventilation and a tight, insulated seal in winter. We aimed to determine whether the prototype had low enough infiltration and thermal bridging to be worthy of further laboratory testing and subsequent deployment in more buildings. The test home was blower door …
Campus As A Lab For Computer Vision-Based Heat Mapping Drones: A Case Study For Multiple Building Envelope Inspection Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (Uas),
2018
Syracuse University
Campus As A Lab For Computer Vision-Based Heat Mapping Drones: A Case Study For Multiple Building Envelope Inspection Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (Uas), Tarek Rakha, Amanda Liberty, Alice Gorodetsky, Burak Kakillioglu, Senem Velipasalar
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS – a.k.a. drones) have evolved over the past decade as both advanced military technology and off-the-shelf consumer devices. There is a gradual shift towards public use of drones, which presents opportunities for effective remote procedures that can disrupt a variety of design disciplines. In architecture praxis, UAS equipment with remote sensing gear presents an opportunity for analysis and inspection of existing building stocks, where architects, engineers, building energy auditors as well as owners can document building performance, visualize heat transfer using infrared imaging and create digital models using 3D photogrammetry. Comprehensive energy audits are essential to …
Bioclimatic Tools For Sustainable Design – Uncertainty Perspective,
2018
Chalmers University of Technology
Bioclimatic Tools For Sustainable Design – Uncertainty Perspective, Krystyna Pietrzyk
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Overall, holistic approach in which the building is integrated into its environment with respect to building physics principles allows for discussion of a variety of passive strategies regarding the building placement (local climatic conditions, microclimate etc.), building types, building materials and technical systems. Bioclimatic design is referred to as a proper approach to highlight the connection of a building with the natural environment, which can be treated as the prerequisite for energy efficient design. The research results within the reliability studies of building performance become an inspiration for architects and engineers to further discuss tools supporting decisions at the early …
Optimal Control Strategies For Passive Heating And Cooling Elements Reduce Loads By Two-Thirds In The Adaptive Reuse Of A San Francisco Bay Area Office,
2018
University of Oregon
Optimal Control Strategies For Passive Heating And Cooling Elements Reduce Loads By Two-Thirds In The Adaptive Reuse Of A San Francisco Bay Area Office, Alexandra Rempel, Serena Lim
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Housing crises in urban centers and growing climate concerns are encouraging city planners and building owners to explore the conversion of commercial buildings into energy-efcient dwellings. Passive solar heating, shading, and natural ventilation are attractive in such adaptive reuse projects since they minimize operational energy, but they sufer from the perception of limited efectiveness, and passive heating is ofen disregarded entirely in cloudy climates. At the same time, passive heating has recently shown promise in the cloudy winters of western Oregon and upstate New York, allowing the San Francisco Bay area to provide an excellent opportunity for further exploration. Passive …
An Implementation For Transforming A Home Energy Management System To A Multi-Agent System,
2018
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
An Implementation For Transforming A Home Energy Management System To A Multi-Agent System, Helia Zandi, Michael Starke, Teja Kuruganti
International Building Physics Conference 2018
In the United States, 41% of produced energy is consumed by the building sector, i.e. residential and commercial buildings (Building Energy Data Book, Buildings Sector, US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, 2012. n.d.). The anticipation is that Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) will support energy efficiency gains through control of the devices in an optimal fashion. New opportunities are offering the ability to integrate grid type controls and the most suitable way to perform these controls is through a multi-agent system (MAS). In this paper, approaches on supporting a HEMS and MAS …
Sensing And Information Technologies For The Environment (Site); Hardware And Software Innovations In Mobile Sensing Technologies,
2018
Princeton University
Sensing And Information Technologies For The Environment (Site); Hardware And Software Innovations In Mobile Sensing Technologies, Munitxa Maider, Elie Bou-Zeid, Biayna Bogosian, Abdulghafar Al Tair, David Radcliff, Scott Fisher, Youngryel Ryu
International Building Physics Conference 2018
This research focuses on the development and integration of low-cost Mobile Urban Sensing Technologies (MUST) and immersive environmental data exploration mechanisms with the ambition to inform citizens about their environments and aid scientists in uncovering the relations between the surface attributes and the urban environment. We propose to use 3D immersive environmental visualization techniques to enable a user-centered interactive analysis and rationalization of the available urban environmental data in relation to further urban attributes. With this ambition, we have developed three mobile apps that explore three strategies of Augmented Reality (AR) 3D visualizations of urban environmental data. While some data …
A Novel Methodology To Spatially Evaluate Dgp Classes By Means Of Vertical Illuminances. Preliminary Results,
2018
Politecnico di Torino
A Novel Methodology To Spatially Evaluate Dgp Classes By Means Of Vertical Illuminances. Preliminary Results, Luigi Giovannini, Fabio Favoino, Valerio R.M. Lo Verso, Anna Pellegrino, Valentina Serra
International Building Physics Conference 2018
A novel methodology to overcome the main limit of the Daylight Glare Probability DGP (i.e. the heavy computational time for an annual analysis of the DGP profile in one point) is presented. This uses a proxy based on the vertical illuminance (Ev) at the eye level. To do so, the most suitable value of Ev, to substitute DGP, is found by means of a comparison to the corresponding DGP value through a fault-detection diagnosis technique. The methodology was applied to a representative enclosed office with one South-facing window (Window-to-Wall Ratio of 50%) located in Turin. The glazing was assumed to …
Daylight Availability In A Room Equipped With Pcm Window,
2018
Lodz University of Technology
Daylight Availability In A Room Equipped With Pcm Window, Dominika Knera, Dariusz Heim
International Building Physics Conference 2018
The increase in building energy performance mainly focused on the improvement of physical properties (thermal and optical) of individual components of building envelope. Very good isolation parameters can be easily achieved for opaque elements like walls and roofs. However, improvement of glazed component parameters is still required. Improving thermophysical properties of window can be achieved using phase change material (PCM). Presented work is a part of extensive research project including the analysis and experimental investigation of window integrated with PCM layer. This modification changes the thermal properties of glass unit and effects on visible light transmission through the window. The …
Comparative Study Of Different Design Configurations Based On The Daylight And Visual Comfort Performance Of Electrochromic Glass In A Side-Lit Office Building,
2018
University of North Carolina
Comparative Study Of Different Design Configurations Based On The Daylight And Visual Comfort Performance Of Electrochromic Glass In A Side-Lit Office Building, Amir Hosseinzadeh Zarrabi, Mona Azarbayjani, Armin Amirazar, Roshanak Asharafi
International Building Physics Conference 2018
The objective of this research is to demonstrate the application of an optimization framework to assess and improve the impacts of workstation properties in relation to the performance of electrochromic glass regarding daylight and visual comfort. This framework is executed through a simulation-based parametric modeling workflow of an open-plan office to optimize partition layout, height, direction to windows, and materiality in response to annual glare probability (DGP) and climate-based daylighting metrics. In this paper, different office layouts equipped with Electrochromic glass, located in a mixed-humid climate has been simulated with DIVA plug-in for Rhinoceros/grasshopper software to maximize the daylight and …
Lighting Quality Study Of Shopping Malls In China Based On The Evaluation Experiment,
2018
Tianjin University
Lighting Quality Study Of Shopping Malls In China Based On The Evaluation Experiment, Rui Dang, Yanhui Bu, Qingchen Wang, Gang Liu1
International Building Physics Conference 2018
The lighting environment of the shopping malls will greatly influence the customer's visual comfort and product sales. This experiment studied the lighting environment of jewelry stores with the highest lighting energy consumption in shopping malls. The jewelry store scene which was built in the Key Laboratory of Building Environment Simulation had a total of 150 lighting conditions. Then, we measured lighting parameters, and subjective evaluation of lighting quality (including lighting comfort and commodities display effect) with 30 participants were carried out. We analyzed the experimental data to get the influence law of lighting parameters on lighting quality. Finally, this paper …
Development Of An Electric-Driven Smart Window Model For Visual Comfort Assessment,
2018
University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”
Development Of An Electric-Driven Smart Window Model For Visual Comfort Assessment, Michelangelo Scorpio, Giuseppina Iuliano, Antonio Rosato, Sergio Sibilio, Luigi Maffei, Giuseppe Peter Vanoli, Manuela Almeida
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Smart windows, especially those electric-driven, represent one of the most advanced technologies for controlling solar radiation. For a correct use, it is necessary to understand their real behaviour through in-situ measurements on full-scale application as well as calibrating and validating visual simulation models capable of predicting their performances. In this paper, the preliminary results of current research activities aimed at developing simulation models of electric-driven full-scale glazing are presented. The research activities started with the assessment of the visible solar transmittance as a function of light incident angle through in-situ measurements; different models, with related values, of the visible solar …
Thermal Performance Of An Electric-Driven Smart Window: Experiments In A Full-Scale Test Room And Simulation Model,
2018
University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”
Thermal Performance Of An Electric-Driven Smart Window: Experiments In A Full-Scale Test Room And Simulation Model, Giovanni Ciampi, Antonio Rosato, Sergio Sibilio, Giuseppe Peter Vanoli, Manuela Almeida, Luigi Maffei
International Building Physics Conference 2018
This paper reports the results of experimental tests and numerical simulations aimed at evaluating the performance of an electric-driven smart window with respect to solar control in buildings. The experimental performances of the electric-driven smart window were evaluated using a south oriented full scale experimental facility designed and realized. The tests were carried out during the summer under real sky conditions upon varying the state of the electricdriven smart window (clear and milky). In the first part of the paper, the experimental results are discussed in terms of surface temperature of glazings as well as indoor air temperature in order …
Application Of Radiant Floor Heating In Large Space Buildings With Significant Cold Air Infiltration Through Door Openings,
2018
Tianjin University
Application Of Radiant Floor Heating In Large Space Buildings With Significant Cold Air Infiltration Through Door Openings, Gang Liu, Siyu Cheng, Yi Xu, Kuixing Liu
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Radiant Floor Heating System (RFHS) has been commonly used in railway stations in cold regions of China for its advantages in thermal comfort and energy efficiency. However, the uneven distribution and extremely cold area of the heating floor, caused by cold air infiltration through door openings, are commonly found in our filed measurements. This impact is not considered in the standardized design methods, resulting in an underestimation of the design heat flux. In this paper, CFD simulations are used to quantify the impacts of natural infiltration on surface heat transfer process. Model validation was made against field measurements. 13 simulations …
