Assessing The Performance Of Photocatalytic Oxidation Of Volatile Organic Compounds In Three Different Scaled Set-Ups,
2018
Concordia University
Assessing The Performance Of Photocatalytic Oxidation Of Volatile Organic Compounds In Three Different Scaled Set-Ups, Zahra Shayegan, Chang-Seo Lee, Ali Bahloul, Fariborz Haghighat
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered a major group of indoor air contaminants with several proven adverse health effects. Ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation process (UVPCO) is a promising technology for the removal of VOC contaminants in indoor air environments. In addition, adequate efficiency of PCO has been proven in laboratory conditions. However, when PCO is scaled up and applied in real conditions, there are some limitations that need to be addressed. Several factors are involved in the efficiency of the PCO process such as humidity, flow rate (residence time), inlet of contaminant concentration, light source, etc. To the best of our …
Radon Levels In Rented Accommodation,
2018
Danish Building Research Institute at Aalborg University
Radon Levels In Rented Accommodation, Torben Valdbjørn Rasmussen
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Indoor radon levels were measured in 221 homes located in 53 buildings, including 28 multioccupant houses and 25 single-family terraced houses. The homes consisted of rented accommodation located in buildings recorded as being constructed before 2010 and after the year 1850. In addition, the radon level was measured in the basement in 9 of the buildings. The mean year value of the indoor radon level was 30.7 (1–250) Bq/m3. The indoor radon level exceeded 100 Bq/m3 in 5.9% of the homes, all located in single-family terraced houses. The variable single-family terraced houses explained 5.9% of the variation in indoor radon …
An Investigation On The Quantitative Correlation Between Urban Morphology Parameters And Outdoor Ventilation Efficiency Indices,
2018
Nanjing University
An Investigation On The Quantitative Correlation Between Urban Morphology Parameters And Outdoor Ventilation Efficiency Indices, Wowo Ding, Yunlong Peng, Zhi Gao
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Urban outdoor ventilation and pollutant dispersion have important implications for the urban planning and design of urban morphology. In this paper, two urban morphology parameters including Floor area ratio (FAR) and Building site coverage (BSC) are attempted to investigate the quantitative correlation with urban ventilation indices. Firstly, we present an idealized model including nine basic units. The FAR of model is constant 5.0, and the BSC increases from 11% to 77%, which in consequence generates 101 non-repetitive asymmetric forms. Next, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to evaluate the ventilation efficiency of pedestrian level within each model’s central area. …
Effect Of Urban Texture On Building Energy Performance,
2018
Istanbul Aydin University
Effect Of Urban Texture On Building Energy Performance, Suzi Dilara Mangan, Irem Sozen, Gul Koclar Oral, Idil Erdemir Kocagil
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Today, ongoing discussions on climate change, depletion of fossil fuels and energy efficiency emphasize the need for a more sustainable built environment and thus the need to reduce energy consumption in buildings and urban textures and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore the evaluation of building energy performance with a holistic approach, taking the effect of urban textures and microclimates into consideration has become very significant in the recent years. Urban texture is a commonly accepted expression including the form and height of buildings, the width of streets, their orientation, spatial configuration and arrangement in space intersection, vegetation and so on. …
Rapid Cooling Of Urban Surfaces During Rainfall: Physical Basis, Dominant Energy Fluxes, And Sensitivity To Pavement And Rainfall Properties,
2018
Princeton University
Rapid Cooling Of Urban Surfaces During Rainfall: Physical Basis, Dominant Energy Fluxes, And Sensitivity To Pavement And Rainfall Properties, Hamidreza Omidvar, Elie Bou-Zeid
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Using model for the heat transfer between pavements and runoff during rainfall, we investigate the importance of different pavement and rainfall properties, as well as crucial energy budget terms that drive the cooling processes. The results indicate that the pavement and runoff temperature and energy fluxes are very sensitive to the rain temperature. In addition, pavement albedo has a significant effect on the simulated temperature since it modifies the initial pavement temperature before the rain starts. The results also indicated that among the different energy budget terms, evaporation and long wave radiation are the main cooling terms, while the shortwave …
New Microclimate Monitoring Method And Data Process For Investigating Environmental Conditions In Complex Urban Contexts,
2018
University of Perugia
New Microclimate Monitoring Method And Data Process For Investigating Environmental Conditions In Complex Urban Contexts, Ilaria Pigliautile, Veronica Lucia Castaldo, Anna Laura Pisello
International Building Physics Conference 2018
The rapid urbanization of the last century coupled with local climate change imputable to anthropogenic actions triggered a huge research effort aimed at investigating urban microclimate. Typically, cities present a variety of microclimates due to the internal variation of their landscapes in terms of morphology, surfaces properties, presence of greenery, etc. Location-specific microclimate conditions affect both (i) building energy needs and (ii) citizens’ quality of life. For these reasons, a small-scale analysis from the citizen perspective with high-time-resolution environmental data is required. Recent studies tried to reach that level of precision by using remote sensing, movable observational transects or dense …
Using Advanced Urban Canopy Models To Investigate The Potential Of Thermochromic Materials As Urban Heat Island Mitigation Strategies, Claudia Fabiani, Anna Laura Pisello, Elie Bou-Zeid, Jiachuan Yang
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Recent trends in urbanization processes are causing serious threats at both local and global environmental scale. Greenhouse gas emissions, heat waves, and the heat island effect are constantly growing in intensity and produce increasing discomfort and health impacts in urban populations. In this context, the building sector is currently developing advanced and adaptive materials for building envelope and paving surface applications characterized by high energy performance and low embodied energy. Most of these innovative materials are firstly analysed at the component scale by means of laboratory investigations, while their effect on the built environment is generally assessed at a later …
Analytical And Numerical Investigation On Depth And Pipe Configuration For Coaxial Borehole Heat Exchanger, A Preliminary Study,
2018
Princeton University
Analytical And Numerical Investigation On Depth And Pipe Configuration For Coaxial Borehole Heat Exchanger, A Preliminary Study, Hongshan Guo, Forrest Meggers
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Existing research on the performance of shallow geothermal systems are prone to investigate the ground as a large thermal mass at a constant temperature despite possible temperature increase at depths - otherwise commonly known as the geothermal gradient. Most of the existing analytical models that predict the heat exchange between a borehole heat exchanger with the soil does not allow for the geothermal gradients to be accounted for. The few models that actually does account for the geothermal gradients, on the other hand, does so by enforcing a pre-existing temperature gradient only. We are presenting a bottom up approach in …
Comparison Of Lattice Boltzmann Method And Finite Volume Method With Large Eddy Simulation In Isothermal Room Flow,
2018
University of Tokyo
Comparison Of Lattice Boltzmann Method And Finite Volume Method With Large Eddy Simulation In Isothermal Room Flow, Mengtao Han, Ryozo Ooka, Hideki Kikumoto
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), as a new computational fluid simulation method, has aroused widespread attention in recent decades within engineering practice. LBM with large eddy simulation (LBM-LES) model is commonly used in predicting high Reynolds flow, and is considered to have a prediction accuracy similar to traditional finite volume method (FVMLES). Nonetheless, a systematic discussion on the accuracy of LBM-LES, and its consistency with FVM-LES, in indoor turbulent flow situations, is still insufficient. In this study, simulations of an indoor isothermal forced convection benchmark case (from IEA Annex 20) are implemented by using both LBM-LES and FVM-LES, with the aim …
Development Of A Supermarket Prototype Building Model,
2018
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Development Of A Supermarket Prototype Building Model, Piljae Im, Brian A. Fricke, Joshua R. New, Mark B. Adams
International Building Physics Conference 2018
The U.S. Department of Energy supports the development of commercial building energy codes and standards by participating in industry reviews, update processes, and providing technical analyses to support both published model codes and potential changes. In support of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 and the International Energy Conservation Code, 16 commercial prototype building models were developed that cover 80% of the commercial building floor area in the United States for new construction, including both commercial buildings and mid- to high-rise residential buildings, across all U.S. climate zones. However, the current set of commercial prototype building models does not include a supermarket building …
Streamlined Cfd Simulation Framework To Generate Wind-Pressure Coefficients On Building Facades For Airflow Network Simulations,
2018
Cornell University
Streamlined Cfd Simulation Framework To Generate Wind-Pressure Coefficients On Building Facades For Airflow Network Simulations, Timur Dogan, Patrick Kastner
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Energy modeling packages such as EnergyPlus and TRNSYS come with capable airflow network solvers for natural ventilation evaluation in multi-zone building energy models. These approaches rely on pressure coefficient arrays of different wind directions based on simple boxshaped buildings without contextual obstructions. For specific sites, however, further attention is needed to avoid geometric oversimplification. In this study, we present an automated and easy-to-use simulation workflow for exterior airflow simulation based on OpenFOAM to generate pressure coefficient arrays for arbitrary building shapes and contextual situations. The workflow is compared to other methods commonly used to obtain pressure coefficients for natural ventilation …
Improving The Representation Of Convective Heat Transfer In An Urban Canopy Model,
2018
Cornell University
Improving The Representation Of Convective Heat Transfer In An Urban Canopy Model, Qi Li, Jiachuan Yang, Zhi-Hua Wang, Elie Bou-Zeid
International Building Physics Conference 2018
The urban street canyon has been widely recognized as a basic surface unit in urban micrometeorological studies. Urban canopy models (UCMs), which quantify the exchange of energy and momentum between the urban surface and the overlying atmosphere, often adopt this type of street canyon representation as the fundamental surface element. Since UCMs can be coupled to regional-scale weather and climate models such as the Weather Forecast and Research Model (WRF), parametrizations of the surface momentum and scalar fluxes in UCM are of paramount importance. However, many current single-layer UCMs rely on empirical relations that were obtained over 80 years ago …
Unsteady-State Exergy Analysis On Two Types Of Building Envelopes Under Time-Varying Boundary Condition,
2018
The University of Tokyo
Unsteady-State Exergy Analysis On Two Types Of Building Envelopes Under Time-Varying Boundary Condition, Wonjun Choi, Ryozo Ooka, Masanori Shukuya
International Building Physics Conference 2018
In the built environment, the thermal exergy behavior is very sensitive to the change of environmental temperature, because the temperature difference between the reservoir and a system of interest is small. Moreover, the transient characteristics become very important for the building envelope, which is primarily affected by the environmental temperature changes and has a relatively large heat capacity. Most of the exergy analyses have been performed under steady-state assumption. However, it may miss some important details of the transient process. Thus, when the transient transfer process becomes important, the unsteady-state exergy analysis should be conducted. In this study, we propose …
House: Building Energy Efficiency Understanding Through An Enabled Boundary Object,
2018
Imperial College London
House: Building Energy Efficiency Understanding Through An Enabled Boundary Object, Deborah Adkins, Peter R.N. Childs
International Building Physics Conference 2018
We report the results of an empirical study on an enabled application’s ability to act as a boundary object and build understanding of energy efficiency solutions. Combining digital and tangible technology with radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, we have created an interactive, digitally enabled device and application called HOUSE (Home User and Stakeholder Environment). The HOUSE tool and application have been designed and developed to support interaction and collaboration in the exploration of domestic energy efficiency solutions. HOUSE allows users to associate information with physical representations, and to explore this information through manipulation of enabled objects. The interactive application consists of …
Inter-Activehouse: Users-Driven Building Performances For Nearly Zero Energy Buildings In Mediterranean Climates,
2018
The University of Sydney; Active House Alliance
Inter-Activehouse: Users-Driven Building Performances For Nearly Zero Energy Buildings In Mediterranean Climates, Arianna Brambilla, Federica Brunone, Alberto Sangiorgio, Marco Imperadori
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Building simulations rely on fixed assumptions and mathematical models to describe a specific building scenario, overlooking the building occupants’ component. Almost 40% of in-home energy use is due occupants interacts with the building systems. The goal of this paper is to understand the magnitude of the performance gap when applied to two case studies in a Mediterranean climate. A set of scenarios are simulated assuming both a typical building usage and possible variations given by the users’ interactions with shading, ventilation and cooling systems. Results show that the magnitude of the effects with a negative impact is bigger if compared …
Energy Flexibility Of Building Cluster – Part I: Occupancy Modelling,
2018
Technical University of Denmark
Energy Flexibility Of Building Cluster – Part I: Occupancy Modelling, Rongling Li, Andong Wang, Carsten Rode, Shi You
International Building Physics Conference 2018
With the growing application of renewable energy, the stability of power systems can be seriously affected due to the fluctuations in the instantaneous generated power. As one of the potential solutions for this upcoming challenge, energy flexibility of buildings has received attention for research and technology development. Demand response and energy flexibility should be implemented at a large scale to have the accumulated energy flexibility to a magnitude, which can be meaningful for energy sectors. Studies have shown that the energy flexibility of a building is greatly influenced by both building physical characteristics and occupancy pattern of residents. To the …
The Influence Of Window Opening Habits On The Residential Energy Use In Nearly Zero Energy Buildings,
2018
University of Ghent
The Influence Of Window Opening Habits On The Residential Energy Use In Nearly Zero Energy Buildings, Silke Verbruggen, Marc Delghust, Jelle Laverge, Arnold Janssens
International Building Physics Conference 2018
In this paper, we discuss the presence of habits in the window opening behaviour of social housing tenants in a nearly zero-energy development in Belgium. A window opening habit can be defined as an action with a window that is repeated daily around the same time independently of the prevailing weather conditions. A carbon neutral social housing estate (106 apartments and 90 single family dwellings) was used as a test case. Questionnaires, window opening logging with a building monitoring system and cross-sectional surveys were used to collect window opening data. A method to identify window opening habits is determined. Up …
Utilization Of Heat Recovery Ventilation: Steady-State Two-Zone Heat Loss Analysis And Field Studies,
2018
Ghent University
Utilization Of Heat Recovery Ventilation: Steady-State Two-Zone Heat Loss Analysis And Field Studies, Arnold Janssens, Wolf Bracke, Marc Delghust, Eline Himpe, Silke Verbruggen, Jelle Laverge
International Building Physics Conference 2018
In new houses in Europe the share of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery is increasing as a result of more severe energy performance requirements and of energy labelling for residential ventilation units. The methods used to assess the influence of heat recovery ventilation on the heating energy use in energy labelling and certification are typically based on single zone energy balance equations, although heating behaviour and set-points differ in different rooms of a dwelling. As a result of this the energy savings of heat recovery ventilation as assessed with single zone methods may be larger than when the spatial variations …
Achieving Faster Building Energy Model Optimization Through Selective Zone Elimination,
2018
Carleton University
Achieving Faster Building Energy Model Optimization Through Selective Zone Elimination, Zixiao Shi, Scott Bucking, William O'Brien
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Optimization in building performance simulation (BPS) has become increasingly important due to the growing need for high-performance building design and operation. Numerous research efforts have been dedicated to decreasing optimization runtime by introducing improved optimization algorithms and advanced sampling techniques. This paper presents a novel model order reduction (MOR) algorithm tailored for speeding up building energy simulation. The algorithm identifies archetype zones simplifying the needless repetition of thermal zones. For an entire optimization process, this MOR method can be repeated recursively to reproduce reduced models. The proposed method can be used to speed up large-scale simulations including optimization, uncertainty analysis …
Modeling And Model Calibration For Model Predictive Occupants Comfort Control In Buildings,
2018
Nanyang Technological University
Modeling And Model Calibration For Model Predictive Occupants Comfort Control In Buildings, Shiyu Yang, Man Pun Wan, Bing Feng Ng, Zhe Zhang, Adrian S. Lamano, Wanyu Chen
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Mathematical models are essential in Model-Predictive Control (MPC) for building automation and control (BAC) application, which must be precise and computationally efficient for realtime optimization and control. However, building models are of high complexity because of the nonlinearities of heat and mass transfer processes in buildings and their air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) systems. This paper proposes a method to develop an integrated linear model for indoor air temperature, humidity and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index suitable for fast real-time multiple objectives optimization. A linear dynamic model is developed using SIMSCAPE language based on the BCA SkyLab test bed facility …
