# Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™

## All Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

183,825 full-text articles. Page 2 of 4770.

Computer Organization With Mips, 2019 Rowan University

#### Computer Organization With Mips, Seth D. Bergmann

##### Open Educational Resources

This book is intended to be used for a first course in computer organization, or computer architecture. It assumes that all digital components can be constructed from fundamental logic gates. The book begins with number representation schemes and assembly language for the MIPS architecture, including assembler directives, pseudo-operations, and floating point instructions. It then describes the machine language instruction formats, and shows the student how to translate an assembly language program to machine language. This is followed by a chapter which describes how to construct an assembler for MIPS. This chapter may be omitted without loss of continuity. This is ...

Resolution Of Conjectures Related To Lights Out! And Cartesian Products, 2019 University of Wyoming

#### Resolution Of Conjectures Related To Lights Out! And Cartesian Products, Bryan A. Curtis, Jonathan Earl, David Livingston, Bryan L. Shader

##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra

Lights Out!\ is a game played on a $5 \times 5$ grid of lights, or more generally on a graph. Pressing lights on the grid allows the player to turn off neighboring lights. The goal of the game is to start with a given initial configuration of lit lights and reach a state where all lights are out. Two conjectures posed in a recently published paper about Lights Out!\ on Cartesian products of graphs are resolved.

On The Interval Generalized Coupled Matrix Equations, 2019 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

#### On The Interval Generalized Coupled Matrix Equations, Marzieh Dehghani-Madiseh

##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra

In this work, the interval generalized coupled matrix equations \begin{equation*} \sum_{j=1}^{p}{{\bf{A}}_{ij}X_{j}}+\sum_{k=1}^{q}{Y_{k}{\bf{B}}_{ik}}={\bf{C}}_{i}, \qquad i=1,\ldots,p+q, \end{equation*} are studied in which ${\bf{A}}_{ij}$, ${\bf{B}}_{ik}$ and ${\bf{C}}_{i}$ are known real interval matrices, while $X_{j}$ and $Y_{k}$ are the unknown matrices for $j=1,\ldots,p$, $k=1,\ldots,q$ and $i=1,\ldots,p+q$. This paper discusses the so-called AE-solution sets for this system ...

A Comparative Evaluation Of Recommender Systems For Hotel Reviews, 2019 Southern Methodist University

#### A Comparative Evaluation Of Recommender Systems For Hotel Reviews, Ryan Khaleghi, Kevin Cannon, Raghuram Srinivas

##### SMU Data Science Review

There has been increasing growth in deployment of recommender systems across Internet sites, with various models being used. These systems have been particularly valuable for review sites, as they seek to add value to the user experience to gain market share and to create new revenue streams through deals. Hotels are a prime target for this effort, as there is a large number for most destinations and a lot of differentiation between them. In this paper, we present an evaluation of two of the most popular methods for hotel review recommender systems: collaborative filtering and matrix factorization. The accuracy of ...

2019 California State University, Monterey Bay

#### 1920 - Irrigation Of Twelve Million Acres In The Valley Of California; Robert Bradford Marshall

##### Miscellaneous Documents and Reports

By 1920, California's potential wealth in land reached into billions of dollars; 12,000,000 acres of available agricultural lands remained practically untouched. Marshall proposed a large plan that would make the Valley of California the world's greatest garden. The engineering plans for such a project must be comprehensive, for their execution must not only assure the complete reclamation of 12,000,000 acres of valley lands but must also effectively and forever control the river floods and insure safe and continuous river navigation throughout the year. The hydro-electric current generated along most of the streams would furnish ...

2019 California State University, Monterey Bay

#### 1938 - Quarterly Chapter Of State Mineralogist's Report Xxxiv, California Journal Of Mines And Geology

##### Miscellaneous Documents and Reports

Report of the development of mining resources and mining activities in each of the four field districts (Redding, Auburn, San Francisco and Los Angeles) were prepared by the District Engineer.

2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

#### Understanding Higher-Order Nonlocal Halo Bias At Large Scales By Combining The Power Spectrum With The Bispectrum, Shun Saito, Tobias Baldauf

##### Shun Saito

Understanding the relation between underlying matter distribution and biased tracers such as galaxies or dark matter halos is essential to extract cosmological information from ongoing or future galaxy redshift surveys. At sufficiently large scales such as the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale, a standard approach for the bias problem on the basis of the perturbation theory (PT) is to assume the "local bias" model in which the density field of biased tracers is deterministically expanded in terms of matter density field at the same position. The higher-order bias parameters are then determined by combining the power spectrum with higher-order statistics ...

The Stripe 82 Massive Galaxy Project. Iii. A Lack Of Growth Among Massive Galaxies, 2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

#### The Stripe 82 Massive Galaxy Project. Iii. A Lack Of Growth Among Massive Galaxies, Kevin Bundy, Alexie Leauthaud, Shun Saito, Claudia Maraston, David A. Wake, Daniel Thomas

##### Shun Saito

The average stellar mass (M*) of high-mass galaxies (log M*/M > 11.5) is expected to grow by ∼30% since z ~ 1, largely through ongoing mergers that are also invoked to explain the observed increase in galaxy sizes. Direct evidence for the corresponding growth in stellar mass has been elusive, however, in part because the volumes sampled by previous redshift surveys have been too small to yield reliable statistics. In this work, we make use of the Stripe 82 Massive Galaxy Catalog (S82-MGC) to build a mass-limited sample of 41,770 galaxies log M*/M > 11.2) with optical-to-near-IR photometry ...

The Stripe 82 Massive Galaxy Project. I. Catalog Construction, 2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

#### The Stripe 82 Massive Galaxy Project. I. Catalog Construction, Kevin Bundy, Alexie Leauthaud, Shun Saito

##### Shun Saito

The Stripe 82 Massive Galaxy Catalog (S82-MGC) is the largest-volume stellar mass-limited sample of galaxies beyond z ≈ 0.1 constructed to date. Spanning 139.4 deg2, the S82-MGC includes a mass-limited sample of 41,770 galaxies with log M*/M ≳ 11.2 to z ≈ 0.7, sampling a volume of 0.3 Gpc3, roughly equivalent to the volume of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-I/II (SDSS-I/II) z < 0.15 main sample. The catalog is built on three pillars of survey data: the SDSS Stripe 82 Coadd photometry which reaches r-band magnitudes of ∼23.5 AB, Y JHK photometry at depths of 20th magnitude (AB) from the UK Infrared Deep Sky Survey Large Area Survey, and over 70,000 spectroscopic galaxy redshifts from the SDSS-I/II and the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. We describe the catalog construction and verification, the production of 9-band matched aperture photometry, tests of existing and newly estimated photometric redshifts required to supplement spectroscopic redshifts for 55% of the log M*/M ≳ 11.2 sample, and geometric masking. We provide near-IR based stellar mass estimates and compare these to previous estimates. All catalog products are made publicly available. The S82-MGC not ...

2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

#### The Clustering Of Galaxies In The Sdss-Iii Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Testing Gravity With Redshift Space Distortions Using The Power Spectrum Multipoles, Florian Beutler, Shun Saito

##### Shun Saito

We analyse the anisotropic clustering of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) CMASS Data Release 11 (DR11) sample, which consists of 690 827 galaxies in the redshift range 0.43 < z < 0.7 and has a sky coverage of 8498 deg2. We perform our analysis in Fourier space using a power spectrum estimator suggested by Yamamoto et al. We measure the multipole power spectra in a self-consistent manner for the first time in the sense that we provide a proper way to treat the survey window function and the integral constraint, without the commonly used assumption of an isotropic power spectrum and without the need to split the survey into ...

2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

#### The Clustering Of Galaxies In The Sdss-Iii Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Signs Of Neutrino Mass In Current Cosmological Data Sets, Florian Beutler, Shun Saito

##### Shun Saito

We investigate the cosmological implications of the latest growth of structure measurement from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) CMASS Data Release 11 with particular focus on the sum of the neutrino masses, Σmv. We examine the robustness of the cosmological constraints from the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale, the Alcock-Paczynski effect and redshift-space distortions (DV/rs, FAP, fσ8) of Beutler et al., when introducing a neutrino mass in the power spectrum template. We then discuss how the neutrino mass relaxes discrepancies between the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and other low-redshift measurements within Λ cold ...

2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

#### The Clustering Of Galaxies In The Completed Sdss-Iii Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Observational Systematics And Baryon Acoustic Oscillations In The Correlation Function, Ashley J. Ross, Florian Beutler, Shun Saito

##### Shun Saito

We present baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale measurements determined from the clustering of 1.2 million massive galaxies with redshifts 0.2 < z < 0.75 distributed over 9300 deg2, as quantified by their redshift-space correlation function. In order to facilitate these measurements, we define, describe, and motivate the selection function for galaxies in the final data release (DR12) of the SDSS III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). This includes the observational footprint, masks for image quality and Galactic extinction, and weights to account for density relationships intrinsic to the imaging and spectroscopic portions of the survey. We simulate the observed systematic trends in mock galaxy samples ...

The Clustering Of Galaxies In The Sdss-Iii Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations In The Data Releases 10 And 11 Galaxy Samples, 2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

#### The Clustering Of Galaxies In The Sdss-Iii Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations In The Data Releases 10 And 11 Galaxy Samples, Lauren Anderson, Eric Aubourg, Shun Saito

##### Shun Saito

We present a one per cent measurement of the cosmic distance scale from the detections of the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in the clustering of galaxies from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, which is part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III. Our results come from the Data Release 11 (DR11) sample, containing nearly one million galaxies and covering approximately 8500 square degrees and the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.7. We also compare these results with those from the publicly released DR9 and DR10 samples. Assuming a concordance Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model, the DR11 sample covers a volume of 13 Gpc3 and is the largest region of the Universe ever surveyed at this density. We measure the correlation function and power spectrum, including density-field reconstruction of the BAO feature. The acoustic ...

Simulations Of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. Ii. Covariance Matrix Of The Matter Power Spectrum, 2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

#### Simulations Of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. Ii. Covariance Matrix Of The Matter Power Spectrum, Ryuichi Takahashi, Naoki Yoshida, Masahiro Takada, Takahiko Matsubara, Naoshi Sugiyama, Issha Kayo, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, Takahiro Nishimichi, Shun Saito, Atsushi Taruya

##### Shun Saito

We use 5000 cosmological N-body simulations of 1 h-3 Gpc3 box for the concordance ËCDM model in order to study the sampling variances of a nonlinear matter power spectrum. We show that the non-Gaussian errors can be important even on large length scales relevant for baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs). Our findings are the following: (1) the non-Gaussian errors degrade the cumulative signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) for the power spectrum amplitude by up to a factor of 2 and 4 for redshifts z = 1 and 0, respectively; (2) there is little information on the power spectrum amplitudes in the ...

Space-Based Gravitational-Wave Detectors Can Determine The Thermal History Of The Early Universe, 2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

#### Space-Based Gravitational-Wave Detectors Can Determine The Thermal History Of The Early Universe, Kazunori Nakayama, Shun Saito, Yudai Suwa, Jun'ichi Yokoyama

##### Shun Saito

It is shown that space-based gravitational-wave detectors such as DECIGO and/or the Big Bang Observer will provide us with invaluable information on the cosmic thermal history after inflation, and they will be able to determine the reheat temperature TR provided that it lies in the range preferred by the cosmological gravitino problem, TR ~ 105-9 GeV. Therefore it is strongly desired that they will be put into practice as soon as possible.

Simultaneous Constraints On The Growth Of Structure And Cosmic Expansion From The Multipole Power Spectra Of The Sdss Dr7 Lrg Sample, 2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

#### Simultaneous Constraints On The Growth Of Structure And Cosmic Expansion From The Multipole Power Spectra Of The Sdss Dr7 Lrg Sample, Akira Oka, Shun Saito, Takahiro Nishimichi, Atsushi Taruya, Kazuhiro Yamamoto

##### Shun Saito

The anisotropic galaxy clustering on large scales provides us with a unique opportunity to probe into the gravity theory through the redshift-space distortions (RSDs) and theAlcock-Paczynski effect. Using the multipole power spectra up to hexadecapole (ℓ = 4), of the luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample in the Data Release 7 (DR7) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey II (SDSS-II), we obtain simultaneous constraints on the linear growth rate f, angular diameter distance DA, and Hubble parameter H at redshift z = 0.3. For this purpose, we first extensively examine the validity of a theoretical model for the non-linear RSDs using ...

Neutrino Mass Constraint From The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Power Spectrum Of Luminous Red Galaxies And Perturbation Theory, 2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

#### Neutrino Mass Constraint From The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Power Spectrum Of Luminous Red Galaxies And Perturbation Theory, Shun Saito, Masahiro Takada, Atsushi Taruya

##### Shun Saito

We compare the model power spectrum, computed based on perturbation theory, with the power spectrum of luminous red galaxies (LRG) measured from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 catalog, assuming a flat, cold dark matter-dominated cosmology. The model includes the effects of massive neutrinos, nonlinear matter clustering and nonlinear, scale-dependent galaxy bias in a self-consistent manner. We first test the accuracy of the perturbation theory model by comparing the model predictions with the halo power spectrum in real- and redshift-space, measured from 70 simulation realizations for a cold dark matter model without massive neutrinos. We show that the ...

Nonlinear Power Spectrum In The Presence Of Massive Neutrinos: Perturbation Theory Approach, Galaxy Bias, And Parameter Forecasts, 2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

#### Nonlinear Power Spectrum In The Presence Of Massive Neutrinos: Perturbation Theory Approach, Galaxy Bias, And Parameter Forecasts, Shun Saito, Masahiro Takada, Atsushi Taruya

##### Shun Saito

Future or ongoing galaxy redshift surveys can put stringent constraints on neutrinos masses via the high-precision measurements of galaxy power spectrum, when combined with CMB information. In this paper we develop a method to model galaxy power spectrum in the weakly nonlinear regime for a mixed dark matter [cold dark matter (CDM) plus finite-mass neutrinos] model, based on perturbation theory (PT) whose validity is well tested by simulations for a CDM model. In doing this we carefully study various aspects of the nonlinear clustering (nonlinear neutrino perturbations and the higher-order growth functions), and then arrive at a useful approximation allowing ...

Luminous Red Galaxies In Clusters: Central Occupation, Spatial Distributions And Miscentring, 2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

#### Luminous Red Galaxies In Clusters: Central Occupation, Spatial Distributions And Miscentring, Hanako Hoshino, Alexie Leauthaud, Shun Saito

##### Shun Saito

Luminous red galaxies (LRG) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey are among the best understood samples of galaxies and are employed in a broad range of cosmological studies. In this paper, we study how LRGs occupy massive haloes via counts in clusters and reveal several unexpected trends. Using the red-sequence Matched-filter Probabilistic Percolation (redMaPPer) cluster catalogue, we derive the central occupation of LRGs as a function richness. We show that clusters contain a significantly lower fraction of central LRGs than predicted from the two-point correlation function. At halo masses of 1014.5 M, we find Ncen = 0.73 ...

Lensing Is Low: Cosmology, Galaxy Formation Or New Physics?, 2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

#### Lensing Is Low: Cosmology, Galaxy Formation Or New Physics?, Alexie Leauthaud, Shun Saito

##### Shun Saito

We present high signal-to-noise galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey constant mass (CMASS) sample using 250 deg2 of weak-lensing data from Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey and Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Stripe 82 Survey. We compare this signal with predictions from mock catalogues trained to match observables including the stellar mass function and the projected and twodimensional clustering of CMASS. We show that the clustering of CMASS, together with standard models of the galaxy-halo connection, robustly predicts a lensing signal that is 20-40 per cent larger than observed. Detailed tests show that our results are robust to a variety ...