Atmospheric Circulation Change In The Central Himalayas Indicated By A High-Resolution Ice Core Deuterium Excess Record,
2012
Nanjing University
Atmospheric Circulation Change In The Central Himalayas Indicated By A High-Resolution Ice Core Deuterium Excess Record, Hongxi Pang, Shugui Hou, Susan Kaspari, Paul Mayewski, Douglas Introne, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jean Jouzel, Zhenchao Li, Yuanqing He, Sungmin Hong, Dahe Qin
All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences
Continuous measurements of both δD and δ18O were performed along a 108.8 m ice core recovered from the East Rongbuk Glacier on the northeast saddle of Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) (28.03° N, 86.96° E, 6518 m above sea level) in September 2002. They provide the first high-resolution historical record of deuterium excess (d) in the central Himalayas. In this paper, we focus on d variability from 1951 to 2001 and its relationship with large scale atmospheric circulation. The d record exhibits significant seasonal variations, with low values in summer and high values in winter, reflecting the atmospheric circulation shift between winter …
Gravity Wave Propagation In A Diffusively Separated Gas: Effects On The Total Gas,
2012
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Gravity Wave Propagation In A Diffusively Separated Gas: Effects On The Total Gas, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D., R. L. Walterscheid
Publications
We present a full-wave model that simulates acoustic-gravity wave propagation in a binary-gas mixture of atomic oxygen and molecular nitrogen, including molecular viscosity and thermal conductivity appropriately partitioned between the two gases. Compositional effects include the collisional transfer of heat and momentum by mutual diffusion between the two gases. An important result of compositional effects is that the velocity and temperature summed over species can be significantly different from the results of one-gas models with the same height dependent mean molecular weight (M(z)). We compare the results of our binary-gas model to two one-gas full-wave models: one where M is …
A Study On The Turbulent Characteristics Within The Hurricane Boundary Layer,
2012
The University of Western Ontario
A Study On The Turbulent Characteristics Within The Hurricane Boundary Layer, Sunwei Li
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
As the medium between the sea surface and the upper atmosphere in a hurricane, the Hurricane Boundary Layer (HBL) plays a key role in the overall dynamics of a tropical cyclone, and therefore turbulence exchanges within the HBL deserve a thorough investi- gation. However, since it is dangerous and difficult to take direct measurements within the HBL, studies of the HBL turbulence processes based on direct observations are rare. Thanks to the newly developed dropwindsonde equipped with a Global Position System (GPS) receiver, it is now possible to measure wind velocities and other meteorological variables with an unprecedented accuracy and …
Surface Mass Transfer In Large Eddy Simulation (Les) Of Langmuir Turbulence,
2012
University of South Florida
Surface Mass Transfer In Large Eddy Simulation (Les) Of Langmuir Turbulence, Cigdem Akan
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Over the past century the study of gas exchange rates between the atmosphere and the ocean has received increased attention because of concern about the fate of greenhouse gases such as CO2 released into the atmosphere. Of interest is the oceanic uptake of CO2 in shallow water coastal regions as biological productivity in these regions is on average about three times larger than in the open ocean. It is well-known that in the absence of breaking surface waves, the water side turbulence controls gas transfer of sparingly soluble gases such as CO2 from the air to the …
Develping A Methodology For The Mapping And Characterization Of The Nigerian Coastline Using Remote Sensing,
2012
Nigerian Navy Hydrographic Office
Develping A Methodology For The Mapping And Characterization Of The Nigerian Coastline Using Remote Sensing, Olumide Fadahunsi, Shachak Pe'eri, Lee Alexander, Christopher Parrish
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Coastline delineation is important in maritime boundary determination, as well as for analyzing coastline change rates due to coastal erosion, sea level change, storms, and other causes. Coastline change rate estimates depend on the uncertainty of the current and historical coastlines used in the analysis, which, in turn, depend on the surveying technologies and techniques that were originally used. Current techniques for coastline mapping include photogrammetric delineation using tide-coordinated aerial imagery. However, in many developing countries, the charted coastlines may have been inadequately and inconsistently mapped largely due to inadequate resources. This paper describes the use of an automated technique …
Development Of A Geo-Spatial Analysis Methodology For Assessing The Adequacy Of Hydrographic Surveying And Nautical Charts,
2012
University of New Hampshire, Durham
Development Of A Geo-Spatial Analysis Methodology For Assessing The Adequacy Of Hydrographic Surveying And Nautical Charts, Chukwuma Azuike, Shachak Pe'eri, Lee Alexander, Christopher Parrish, Andy Armstrong
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
IHO Publication C-55 (Status of Hydrographic Surveying and Nautical Charting Worldwide) contains information about the progress of hydrographic surveying and nautical charting for a country with navigable waters under its jurisdiction. Listed primarily as percent coverage, it is difficult to use this information to determine: 1) if the current level of surveying or charting is adequate or in need of action, or 2) can be used to compare different locations. An analysis and assessment methodology has been developed to assess the adequacy hydrographic surveying and nautical charting coverage. Indications of chart adequacy and completeness as depicted on current charts or …
Developing A Gis-Database And Risk Index For Potentially Polluting Marine Sites,
2012
University of New Hampshire, Durham
Developing A Gis-Database And Risk Index For Potentially Polluting Marine Sites, Giuseppe Masetti, Brian R. Calder, Lee Alexander
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
The increasing availability of geospatial marine data provides an opportunity for hydrographic offices to contribute to the identification of “Potentially Polluting Marine Sites” (PPMS). These include shipwrecks, oil rigs, pipelines, and dumping areas. To adequately assess the environmental risk of these sites, relevant information must be collected and converted into a multi-scale geodatabase suitable for site inventory and geo-spatial analysis. In addition, a Risk Index – representing an assessment of the magnitude of risk associated with any site – can be derived to determine the potential impacts of these PPMS. However, the successful collection and integration of PPMS information requires …
Light Detection And Ranging (Lidar) And Multispectral Studies Of Disturbed Lake Superior Coastal Environments,
2012
Michigan Technological University
Light Detection And Ranging (Lidar) And Multispectral Studies Of Disturbed Lake Superior Coastal Environments, W. Charles Kerfoot, Foad Yousef, Sarah A. Green, Robert Regis, Robert Shuchman, Colin N. Brooks, Michael Sayers, Bruce Sabol, Mark Graves
Michigan Tech Research Institute Publications
Due to its high spatial resolution and excellent water penetration, coastal light detection and ranging (LiDAR) coupled with multispectral imaging (MSS) has great promise for resolving shoreline features in the Great Lakes. Previous investigations in Lake Superior documented a metal-rich “halo” around the Keweenaw Peninsula, related to past copper mining practices. Grand Traverse Bay on the Keweenaw Peninsula provides an excellent Great Lakes example of global mine discharges into coastal environments. For more than a century, waste rock migrating from shoreline tailings piles has moved along extensive stretches of coast, damming stream outlets, intercepting wetlands and recreational beaches, suppressing benthic …
The Rapid Intensification Of Hurricane Gustav (2008),
2012
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Rapid Intensification Of Hurricane Gustav (2008), Jason H. Keefer
Atmospheric & Environmental Sciences
Hurricane Gustav was one of two major hurricanes that occurred in the Atlantic basin during the 2008 hurricane season. The storm caused more than $6 billion U. S. dollars of damage in Haiti, Jamaica, Cuba, and along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico from 25 August 2008 to 5 September 2008. The greatest amount of damage and highest number of casualties produced by the storm can be attributed to the rapid intensification of the hurricane. Rapid intensification (RI) of a tropical cyclone is defined as an increase in maximum sustained winds by 15.4 m s⁻¹ (30 kts) in a …
An Evaluation Of Cape Tendency In Tornado Outbreaks,
2012
University at Albany, State University of New York
An Evaluation Of Cape Tendency In Tornado Outbreaks, Timothy W. Humphrey, Lance F. Bosart
Atmospheric & Environmental Sciences
Previous studies (e.g., Rasmussen, 2003; Thompson et al., 2003) have examined the impact that instability has on the occurrence of tornadic supercells. However, few studies (e.g., Calas et al., 2000) have examined the impact that the rate of destabilization has on the development of severe convection. Utilizing a CAPE tendency equation derived by Emanuel (1994), this study examines the impact of the rate of atmospheric destabilization on the severity of convection. Comparing six hour analyses of CAPE tendency with observed tornado tracks from the 4-6 May 2007, 5-6 February 2008, and 17 June 2010 tornado outbreaks reveals a potential correlation …
Largescale Precursors To Major Lake Effect Snowstorms Lee Of Lake Erie,
2012
University at Albany, State University of New York
Largescale Precursors To Major Lake Effect Snowstorms Lee Of Lake Erie, Hannah E. Attard, Ross A. Lazear
Atmospheric & Environmental Sciences
Lake‐effect snowstorms are primarily a mesoscale feature; however, major lakeeffect snowstorms are linked closely to their synoptic environment. Thus, a lakeeffect system which lasts for more than 24 h cannot only be explained by the boundary layer; it is also associated with the upper tropospheric flow. This research will address whether major lake‐effect snow events off of Lake Erie can also be associated with large‐scale planetary features several days prior to event onset. The goal is to aid in the forecast process by increasing the accuracy and leadtime of lake‐effect snow forecasts. This study includes 31 cases recorded from the …
Red Sea Coral Reef Trajectories Over 2 Decades Suggest Increasing Community Homogenization And Decline In Coral Size,
2012
Nova Southeastern University
Red Sea Coral Reef Trajectories Over 2 Decades Suggest Increasing Community Homogenization And Decline In Coral Size, Bernhard Riegl, Andrew W. Bruckner, Gwilym Rowlands, Samuel J. Purkis, Philip Renaud
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
Three independent line intercept transect surveys on northern Red Sea reef slopes conducted in 1988/9 and 1997/8 in Egypt and from 2006–9 in Saudi Arabia were used to compare community patterns and coral size. Coral communities showed scale-dependent variability, highest at fine spatial and taxonomic scale (species-specific within and among reef patterns). At coarser scale (generic pattern across regions), patterns were more uniform (regionally consistent generic dominance on differently exposed reef slopes and at different depths). Neither fine- nor coarse-scale patterns aligned along the sampled 1700 km latitudinal gradient. Thus, a latitudinal gradient that had been described earlier from comparable …
The Evaluation Of Water Quality And Weather Patterns As Indicators For Escherichia Coli In Slaters Creek Watershed In Millersville, Tennessee,
2012
Western Kentucky University
The Evaluation Of Water Quality And Weather Patterns As Indicators For Escherichia Coli In Slaters Creek Watershed In Millersville, Tennessee, Jacqueline Brown
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Water quality sampling was conducted in conjunction with the city of Millersville, Tennessee in order to assess levels of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Slaters Creek. The city of Millersville is under a storm water National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit that requires compliance monitoring. In the past, monitoring of E. coli has resulted in noncompliance with state water quality regulations. A water quality assessment, including E. coli and water quality parameters, was conducted to determine if E. coli levels varied between dates within the study area. Statistical methods were utilized to determine if variations existed between the sampling …
Usage Of Videomosaic For Computer Aided Analysis Of North Sea Hard Bottom Underwater Video For Baseline Study Of Offshore Windmill Park,
2012
Klaipeda University
Usage Of Videomosaic For Computer Aided Analysis Of North Sea Hard Bottom Underwater Video For Baseline Study Of Offshore Windmill Park, Aleksej Shashkov, Thomas Dahlgren, Marie-Lise Schlappy, Yuri Rzhanov
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Windmill park on the open North Sea coast at Hävsul area in Norway is one of the first in the world to be build on such extreme high-energy coast. To determine possible environmental impact of this project, baseline study was performed in 2010-2011. Two areas, impacted (area where windmill park is planned to be build) and reference were chosen. For hard bottoms work class ROV was used to take underwater video, as no traditional sampling methods are suitable for such environment and depths. The system was equipped with powerful (400 Watt) xenon lights, USBL navigation and HDTV color camera. For …
Establishing A Multibeam Sonar Evaluation Test Bed Near Sidney, British Columbia,
2012
University of New Hampshire, Durham
Establishing A Multibeam Sonar Evaluation Test Bed Near Sidney, British Columbia, Rob Hare, Clay Whittaker, J.E. Hughes Clarke, Jonathan Beaudoin
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
The Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS), Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) and the Ocean Mapping Group of the University of New Brunswick (OMG) collaborated on establishing a multibeam sonar test bed in the vicinity of the Institute of Ocean Sciences in Sidney, British Columbia Canada. This paper describes the purpose of the sonar evaluation test bed, the trials and tribulations of two foreign governments collaborating on projects of mutual interest, the evaluation areas and their characteristics for sonar testing, and sample results of sonar evaluations using this test bed. Some target detection comparisons of several systems over a range of artificial sonar …
Beyond The Chart: The Use Of Satellite Remote Sensing For Assessing The Adequacy And Completeness Information,
2012
University of New Hampshire, Durham
Beyond The Chart: The Use Of Satellite Remote Sensing For Assessing The Adequacy And Completeness Information, Shachak Pe'eri, Chukwuma Azuike, Lee Alexander, Christopher Parrish, Andy Armstrong
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Chart adequacy and completeness information consists of the symbols, abbreviations and warnings used to inform mariners of the level of confidence that should be given to data on a nautical chart. This information is derived both from the nautical chart and sailing directions. However, analysis based solely on these datasets is limited without access to the sources (e.g., smooth sheets). Publically-available, multi-spectral satellite imagery and published algorithms can be used to derive estimates of the relative bathymetry in shallow, clear waters. In this study, we evaluate the potential of these methods for supplementing the procedure to assess the adequacy of …
The Impact Of Sea State Condition On Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Measurements,
2012
Lund Institute of Technology
The Impact Of Sea State Condition On Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Measurements, Torbjorn Karlsson, Andreas Axelsson, Shachak Pe'eri
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Due to a large number of available Airborne Lidar Bathymetry (ALB) survey datasets and scheduled future surveys, there is a growing need from coastal mapping communities to estimate the accuracy of ALB as a function of the survey system and environmental conditions. Knowledge of ALB accuracy can also be used to evaluate the quality of products derived from ALB surveying. This paper presents theoretical and experimental results focused on the relationship between sea surface conditions and the accuracy of ALB measurements. The simulated environmental conditions were defined according to the typical conditions under which successful ALB surveys can be conducted. …
Seafloor Characterization For Trawlability Using The Simrad Me70 Multibeam Echosounder In The Gulf Of Alaska,
2012
University of New Hampshire, Durham
Seafloor Characterization For Trawlability Using The Simrad Me70 Multibeam Echosounder In The Gulf Of Alaska, Jodi L. Pirtle, Thomas C. Weber, Chris Rooper, Christopher D. Wilson, Brian R. Calder
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
No abstract provided.
A Study Of The Spawning Ecology And Early Life History Survival Of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout,
2012
Utah State University
A Study Of The Spawning Ecology And Early Life History Survival Of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout, Phaedra E. Budy, Sarah Wood, Brett B. Roper
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
We completed a large-scale field experiment in four tributaries of the Logan River, Utah, where the largest metapopulation of imperiled Bonneville cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii utah persists. We documented the spatial and temporal distributions of spawners, quantified substrate use versus substrate availability, and evaluated differences in hatch and emergence fry success between and among sites in relation to habitat characteristics. We observed considerable variability in the timing, magnitude, and duration of spawning among study areas (streams), in part as a function of a variable, multipeaked hydrograph. Nevertheless, across study areas, >70% of redds were constructed on the final descending limb …
Large, Long-Lived Convective Systems Over Subtropical South America And Their Relationships With Atmospheric Teleconnections,
2012
Western Kentucky University
Large, Long-Lived Convective Systems Over Subtropical South America And Their Relationships With Atmospheric Teleconnections, Kyle Mattingly
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
This study provides a climatological assessment of persistent elongated convective systems (PECS) over subtropical South America during the austral warm seasons of 1998-2007 and a comparison of PECS frequency and physical characteristics to mesoscale convective complexes (MCCs) in the region. Relationships between the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections and large, long-lived convective systems (LLCSs) are explored. An average of 143 PECS and 37 MCCs occurred per warm season. PECS lasted longer on average than MCCs (17 hrs. vs. 14 hrs.) and reached a greater average maximum cloud-shield extent than MCCs (297,300 km2 vs. 256,500 …
