The Mathematics Of The Card Game Set, 2014 Rhode Island College
The Mathematics Of The Card Game Set, Paola Y. Reyes
Honors Projects
SET is a card game of visual perception. The goal is to be the first to see a SET from the 12 cards laid face up on the table. Each card has four attributes, which can vary as follows: 1. Shape: oval, squiggle, or diamond 2. Color: red, green, or blue 3. Number: the number of copies of each symbol can be 1, 2, or 3 4. Filling: solid, unfilled, stripped Each card has a unique combination, for a total of 34 = 81 different cards in a deck. A SET consist of three cards for which each of the …
Permutation Groups And Puzzle Tile Configurations Of Instant Insanity Ii, 2014 East Tennessee State University
Permutation Groups And Puzzle Tile Configurations Of Instant Insanity Ii, Amanda N. Justus
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The manufacturer claims that there is only one solution to the puzzle Instant Insanity II. However, a recent paper shows that there are two solutions. Our goal is to find ways in which we only have one solution. We examine the permutation groups of the puzzle and use modern algebra to attempt to fix the puzzle. First, we find the permutation group for the case when there is only one empty slot at the top. We then examine the scenario when we add an extra column or an extra row to make the game a 4 × 5 puzzle or …
Axioms Of Set Theory And Equivalents Of Axiom Of Choice, 2014 Boise State University
Axioms Of Set Theory And Equivalents Of Axiom Of Choice, Farighon Abdul Rahim
Mathematics Undergraduate Theses
Sets are all around us. A bag of potato chips, for instance, is a set containing certain number of individual chip's that are its elements. University is another example of a set with students as its elements. By elements, we mean members. But sets should not be confused as to what they really are. A daughter of a blacksmith is an element of a set that contains her mother, father, and her siblings. Then this set is an element of a set that contains all the other families that live in the nearby town. So a set itself can be …
Neutrosophic Parametrized Soft Set Theory And Its Decision Making, 2014 University of New Mexico
Neutrosophic Parametrized Soft Set Theory And Its Decision Making, Said Broumi, Irfan Deli, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this work, we present definition of neutrosophic parameterized (NP) soft set and its operations. Then we define NP-aggregation operator to form NP-soft decision making method which allows constructing more efficient decision processes. We also dive an example which shows that they can be successfully applied to problem that contain indeterminacy.
Neutrosophic Principle Of Interconvertibility Matter-Energy Information, 2014 University of New Mexico
Neutrosophic Principle Of Interconvertibility Matter-Energy Information, Florentin Smarandache, Stefan Vladutescu
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The research aims to reveal and prove the thesis of the neutral and convertibility relationship between constituent constructive elements of the universe: matter, energy and information. The approach perspective is a computationally-communicative neutrosophic one. We configure a coherent and cohesive ideation line. Matter, energy and information are fundamental elements of the world. Among them, there is an inextricable multiple, elastic and evolutionary connection. The elements are defined by the connections between them. Our hypothesis is that the relationship between matter, energy and information is a neutral one. This relationship is not required by the evidence. At this level, it does …
Neutrosophic Crisp Open Set And Neutrosophic Crisp Continuity Via Neutrosophic Crisp Ideals, 2014 University of New Mexico
Neutrosophic Crisp Open Set And Neutrosophic Crisp Continuity Via Neutrosophic Crisp Ideals, A. A. Salama, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The focus of this paper is to propose a new notion of neutrosophic crisp sets via neutrosophic crisp ideals and to study some basic operations and results in neutrosophic crisp topological spaces. Also, neutrosophic crisp L-openness and neutrosophic crisp L- continuity are considered as a generalizations for a crisp and fuzzy concepts. Relationships between the above new neutrosophic crisp notions and the other relevant classes are investigated. Finally, we define and study two different types of neutrosophic crisp functions.
Intuitionistic Neutrosophic Soft Set Over Rings, 2014 University of New Mexico
Intuitionistic Neutrosophic Soft Set Over Rings, Florentin Smarandache, Said Broumi, Pabitra Kumar Maji
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
S.Broumi and F.Smarandache introduced the concept of intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set as an extension of the soft set theory. In this paper we have applied the concept of intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set to rings theory .The notion of intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set over ring (INSSOR for short ) is introduced and their basic properties have been investigated.The definitions of intersection, union, AND, and OR operations over ring (INSSOR) have also been defined. Finally, we have defined the product of two intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set over ring.
Eccentricity, Space Bending, Dimension, 2014 University of New Mexico
Eccentricity, Space Bending, Dimension, Florentin Smarandache, Marian Nitu, Mircea Eugen Selariu
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The main goal of this paper is to present new transformations, previously non-existent in traditional mathematics, that we call centric mathematics (CM) but that became possible due to the new born eccentric mathematics, and, implicitly, to the supermathematics (SM).
As shown in this work, the new geometric transformations, namely conversion or transfiguration, wipe the boundaries between discrete and continuous geometric forms, showing that the first ones are also continuous, being just apparently discontinuous.
Neutrosophic Theory And Its Applications : Collected Papers - Vol. 1, 2014 University of New Mexico
Neutrosophic Theory And Its Applications : Collected Papers - Vol. 1, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Neutrosophic Theory means Neutrosophy applied in many fields in order to solve problems related to indeterminacy. Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy that studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. This theory considers every entity together with its opposite or negation and with their spectrum of neutralities in between them (i.e. entities supporting neither nor ). The and ideas together are referred to as . Neutrosophy is a generalization of Hegel's dialectics (the last one is based on and only). According to this theory every entity tends to be …
Algebraic Structures On Fuzzy Unit Square And Neutrosophic Unit Square, 2014 University of New Mexico
Algebraic Structures On Fuzzy Unit Square And Neutrosophic Unit Square, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book authors build algebraic structures on fuzzy unit semi open square UF = {(a, b) | a, b [0, 1)} and on the fuzzy neutrosophic unit semi open square UN = {a + bI | a, b [0, 1)}. This study is new and we define, develop and describe several interesting and innovative theories about them. We cannot build ring on UN or UF. We have only pseudo rings of infinite order. We also build pseudo semirings using these semi open unit squares. We construct vector spaces, S-vector spaces and strong pseudo special vector space using …
Distance In Matrices And Their Applications To Fuzzy Models And Neutrosophic Models, 2014 University of New Mexico
Distance In Matrices And Their Applications To Fuzzy Models And Neutrosophic Models, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book authors for the first time introduce the notion of distance between any two m n matrices. If the distance is 0 or m n there is nothing interesting. When the distance happens to be a value t; 0 < t < m n the study is both innovating and interesting. The three cases of study which is carried out in this book are 1. If the difference between two square matrices is large, will it imply the eigen values and eigen vectors of those matrices are distinct? Several open conjectures in this direction are given. 2. The difference between parity check matrix and the generator matrix for the same C(n, k) code is studied. This will help in detecting errors in storage systems as well as in cryptography.
Algebraic Structures On The Fuzzy Interval [0, 1), 2014 University of New Mexico
Algebraic Structures On The Fuzzy Interval [0, 1), Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book we introduce several algebraic structures on the special fuzzy interval [0, 1). This study is different from that of the algebraic structures using the interval [0, n) n ≠ 1, as these structures on [0, 1) has no idempotents or zero divisors under ×. Further [0, 1) under product × is only a semigroup. However by defining min(or max) operation in [0, 1); [0, 1) is made into a semigroup. The semigroup under × has no finite subsemigroups but under min or max we have subsemigroups of order one, two and so on. [0, 1) under + …
Groupoids Of Type I And Ii Using [0, N), 2014 University of New Mexico
Groupoids Of Type I And Ii Using [0, N), Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Study of algebraic structures built using [0, n) happens to be one of an interesting and innovative research. Here in this book authors define non associative algebraic structures using the interval [0, n). Here we define two types of groupoids using [0, n) both of them are of infinite order. It is an open conjecture to find whether these new class of groupoids satisfy any of the special identities like Moufang identity or Bol identity or Bruck identity or so on. We know on [0, n) we cannot build rings only pseudo rings, however in this book we use these …
Soft Neutrosophic Algebraic Structures And Their Generalization - Vol. 1, 2014 University of New Mexico
Soft Neutrosophic Algebraic Structures And Their Generalization - Vol. 1, Florentin Smarandache, Mumtaz Ali, Muhammad Shabir
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book the authors introduced the notions of soft neutrosophic algebraic structures. These soft neutrosophic algebraic structures are basically defined over the neutrosophic algebraic structures which means a parameterized collection of subsets of the neutrosophic algebraic structure. For instance, the existence of a soft neutrosophic group over a neutrosophic group or a soft neutrosophic semigroup over a neutrosophic semigroup, or a soft neutrosophic field over a neutrosophic field, or a soft neutrosophic LA-semigroup over a neutrosophic LAsemigroup, or a soft neutosophic loop over a neutrosophic loop. It is interesting to note that these notions are defined over finite and …
Single Valued Neutrosophic Information Systems Based On Rough Set Theory, 2014 University of New Mexico
Single Valued Neutrosophic Information Systems Based On Rough Set Theory, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The theory of rough sets was firstly proposed by Pawlak. Later on, Smarandache introduced the concept of neutrosophic (NS) sets in 1998. In this paper based on the concept of rough neutrosohic set, we define the concept of single valued neutrosophic information systems. In addition, we will discuss the knowledge reduction and extension of the single valued neutrosophic information systems.
Interval Neutrosophic Rough Set, 2014 University of New Mexico
Interval Neutrosophic Rough Set, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
This paper combines interval-valued neutrosophic sets and rough sets. It studies rougheness in interval-valued neutrosophic sets and some of its properties. Finally we propose a Hamming distance between lower an upper approximations of interval neutrosophic sets.
Neutrosophic Crisp Sets & Neutrosophic Crisp Topological Spaces, 2014 University of New Mexico
Neutrosophic Crisp Sets & Neutrosophic Crisp Topological Spaces, A. A. Salama, Florentin Smarandache, Valeri Kroumov
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this paper, we generalize the crisp topological space to the notion of neutrosophic crisp topological space, and we construct the basic concepts of the neutrosophic crisp topology. In addition to these, we introduce the definitions of neutrosophic crisp continuous function and neutrosophic crisp compact spaces. Finally, some characterizations concerning neutrosophic crisp compact spaces are presented and one obtains several properties. Possible application to GIS topology rules are touched upon.
New Results Of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Set, 2014 University of New Mexico
New Results Of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Set, Florentin Smarandache, Said Broumi, Mamoni Dhar, Pinaki Majumdar
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this paper, three new operations are introduced on intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets .They are based on concentration, dilatation and normalization of intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Some examples of these operations were given and a few important properties were also studied.
New Operations On Interval Neutrosophic Sets, 2014 University of New Mexico
New Operations On Interval Neutrosophic Sets, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
An interval neutrosophic set is an instance of a neutrosophic set, which can be used in real scientific and engineering applications. In this paper, three new operations based on the arithmetic mean, geometrical mean, and respectively harmonic mean are defined on interval neutrosophic sets.
Algebraic Generalization Of Venn Diagram, 2014 University of New Mexico
Algebraic Generalization Of Venn Diagram, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
It is easy to deal with a Venn Diagram for 1 ≤ n ≤ 3 sets. When n gets larger, the picture becomes more complicated, that's why we thought at the following codification. That’s why we propose an easy and systematic algebraic way of dealing with the representation of intersections and unions of many sets.