Tectonics and Structure Commons^™

Analysis Of The Stress Distribution Of North Anatolian Fault Zone For The Part Between Amasya-Tokat Cities, Ayça Çirmik, Ufuk Aydin, Oya Ankaya Pamukçu, Fikret Doğru

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

Tectonic forces formed in the continental crust, cause permanent changes in stress, compression and deformation. The amplitudes of earthquake waves vary with the stress/strain distribution in the crust. In this study, the change of stress / strain and regional absorption coefficient, which is effective in tectonic forces caused by elastic deformation energy accumulating in the brittle crust over time, was investigated. The study area is the middle part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone and the area formed by Ezinepazarı fault zone and Merzifon fault zone. In this area, Coulomb stress analysis was carried out by using the focal mechanism …

Assessment Of Crustal Thinning And Tectonic Stress Distribution Of Gülbahçe Fault Zone And Its Surroundings (İzmir, West Türkiye) Using Gravity And Magnetic Anomalies, Oya Pamukçu, Ayça Çirmik, Fikret Doğru, Ece Ünlü, Barış Can Malali̇çi̇

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

Gülbahçe Fault Zone (GFZ) is a significant tectonic structure and seismic source for İzmir city and its surroundings. The major earthquakes occurred at the surroundings of GFZ are 2005 Seferihisar, 2020 Samos Island-Aegean Sea and 2021 Seferihisar earthquakes. In this study, the crustal thinning and tectonic stress distribution of GFZ and its surroundings were analyzed by using the new gravity and magnetic data. The correspondence analysis was applied by appraising together the magnetic and free-air anomaly data. Moreover, the average density of the subsurface structure was calculated by applying the Parasnis method. The deviatoric stress calculation was executed and the …

Uludağ Extensional Metamorphic Core Complex: Preliminary Field Observations, Gürol Seyi̇toğlu, Korhan Esat

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

In the northern margin of Uludağ Massif in northwest Anatolia, the Bursa Detachment having topto- the north, northeast normal sense of shear separates the lower plate high-grade metamorphic rocks of Series-A (Uludağ Group) from the upper plate low-grade metamorphic rocks of Series-B (Karakaya Complex). The deeper section of Uludağ Massif is represented by the Oligocene metagranites at the southern parts of the massif that is exposed due to the youngest high-angle Soğukpınar normal fault. The massif is a typical extensional metamorphic core complex similar to the counterparts in the west and northwest Anatolia such as the Menderes, Kazdağ, and Çataldağ …

Some Thoughts On The Morphotectonic Development Of The Denizli Region, Yücel Yilmaz

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The Denizli region is located to the east of the Buldan Horst. Although they follow the same trends as the Büyük Menderes and Gediz grabens, the Denizli region has undergone semi-independent evolution during the Quaternary. The essential morphotectonic elements of the area are the Denizli Basin and the surrounding Babadağ and the Güzelpınar Horsts. The Babadağ Horst is the most distinct morphotectonic element of the region. It is bounded in the north by the Denizli fault, a listric normal fault, and possibly a major detachment fault. The Laodicea and Güzelpınar Horsts located within the downthrown block of the fault may …

Natural, Experimental, And Educational Explorations Of The Interiors Of Terrestrial Planetary Bodies, Nadine L. Grambling

Doctoral Dissertations

Planetary interiors are enigmatic, inaccessible, and vital to the processes that have formed the rocks we see on the surface of bodies in the inner Solar System today. Based on geophysical explorations of the Moon and Earth, along with information gleaned from rocks at the surface today, there is understanding of the basic structure and processes at depth. Using a combination of natural samples and experimental studies, we attempt to learn more about the physical conditions beneath the surface, and their effect on material properties and tectonics processes in the mantle.

On Earth, mid-ocean ridge processes have long been debated, …

Unraveling Deformation Mechanisms And Kinematics In Metasedimentary Rocks Along The Southern Iberian Shear Zone, Kayla P. Kopinski

Theses and Dissertations

The primary goal of this project is to document deformation mechanisms in quartz-rich rocks across a 100 m wide ductile shear zone to evaluate whether strain localization at the brittle-ductile transition is accompanied by variations in active or dominant deformation mechanisms. A secondary goal of this project is to evaluate whether the kinematic framework varies across a shear zone with a major rheological boundary. The Southern Iberian Shear Zone (SISZ), a major terrane bounding shear zone within the Iberian Massif, is an ideal location to study these questions because it is a regional scale shear zone currently exposed at the …

Induced Seismicity In The Raton Basin And Global Variability Of The 410-Km Discontinuity, Margaret E. Glasgow

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

Natural processes like mantle convection and plate tectonics dominate Earth’s seismic structure. Recently human activities have increasingly influenced the deformation of the shallow crust. In this dissertation, passive source seismology was used to constrain seismic discontinuities in the mantle transition zone and seismogenic structures in induced earthquake settings. Using a novel sampling method and uniform processing approach, I found the 410-km discontinuity is thermally and compositionally variable. Using a machine- learning approach, I found the three main zones of seismicity in the Raton Basin consist of short faults or fault segments with variable orientations. The zone that hosted a Mw …

Geochemical Analysis Of Recent Volcanic Ash Blanketing Barbados And Constraints On Magma Composition (V32e-0112), Nazrul I. Khandaker, Krishna Mahabir, Surendranauth Mahabir, Lloyd Kiefer, Juan C. Campo, Andrew M. Singh

Publications and Research

Preliminary field and geochemical investigations were conducted on ash samples from Barbados to chemically characterize and decipher magma chemistry associated with a recent volcanic event. A thick plume of volcanic ash from the La Soufriere Volcano in St Vincent, which erupted on April 9, 2021, caused lower visibility due to ash clouds which engulfed the region for some time. Three authors from the research team visited Barbados during the summer subsequent and completed a reconnaissance investigation on recent ashfall. St Vincent is a small volcanic island in the Eastern Caribbean and lies in the southern part of the Lesser Antilles …

Integrating Remote Digital Tools Into Post-Pandemic Geologic Fieldwork To Effectively Disseminate Content Delivery And Assist In Overall Understanding Of Various Geologic Phenomena: Summer 2022 Field Mapping Exercises, Nazrul I. Khandaker

Publications and Research

INTEGRATING REMOTE DIGITAL TOOLS INTO POST-PANDEMIC GEOLOGIC FIELDWORK TO EFFECTIVELY DISSEMINATE CONTENT DELIVERY AND ASSIST IN OVERALL UNDERSTANDING OF VARIOUS GEOLOGIC PHENOMENA: SUMMER 2022 FIELD MAPPING EXERCISES

SHAMI, Malek, BETHEL, Cherise, NUNEZ, Eddy, RAYHAN, Salam, KHANDAKER, Nazrul and CABAROY, Charren C.

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol 54, No. 5, https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022AM-379779

SHAMI, Malek¹, BETHEL, Cherise², NUNEZ, Eddy³, RAYHAN, Salam³, KHANDAKER, Nazrul² and CABAROY, Charren C.¹, (1)Geology Discipline, AC-2F09, York College of CUNY, 9420 Guy R. Brewer Blvd., Jamaica, NY 11451, (2)Geology Discipline, York College of CUNY, …

Coulomb Stress Changes And Magnitude-Frequency Distribution For Lake Van Region, Hamdi Alkan, Erdem Bayrak

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The tectonic structure of Türkiye is under the influence of Arabian, Eurasian, African, and Anatolian plates. Lake Van region, located in eastern Türkiye, has been exposed to many devastating earthquakes in historical and instrumental periods. In this paper, using regional earthquakes, the tectonic stress variation of Lake Van region was investigated using the Coulomb stress change and the b-value distribution. 83 earthquakes that occurred between 2000 and 2020 are used to calculate the Coulomb stress change, while 17815 earthquakes that occurred between 1903 and 2021 are used to calculate the b-value distribution. Coulomb stress change gives an idea about the …

A Graph Method For Interpretation Of Magnetic Anomalies Over 2d Dikes And Vertical Faults, İbrahim Kara, Oya Tarhan Bal, Anisya B.Tekkeli̇

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

Simple geometric assumptions for dikes and faults are often used for interpreting the parameters of these structures from magnetic anomalies. The magnetic anomaly of a 2D dike or a vertical fault consists of two components; one with even and the other with odd symmetries. The function resulting from the ratio of the even and odd components is independent from the amplitude coefficient. The abscissa of the half-maximum of the even component and the maximum of the odd component of a dike or a vertical fault is related to its depth and its half-width. Incorporating this relation into the corresponding equations …

Antler Foreland Basin Evolution Recorded In Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology, James Duncan

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The Antler orogeny was a Devonian-Mississippian (375-320 Ma) mountain building event that occurred along the western Laurentian margin. The initiation of the Antler orogeny is marked by the emplacement of the Roberts Mountain Allochthon (RMA) that thrust Cambrian-Devonian deep water marine siliciclastic rocks 100 km eastward onto the western Laurentian margin. Shortening related to the Antler orogeny deformed RMA strata and caused a flexural response in the continental crust that resulted in the formation of the adjacent Antler Foreland basin. The paleogeographic history of the RMA strata and tectonic drivers for the Antler orogeny are still debated. Proposed models suggest …

Kinematic And Vorticity Analysis Of The Slide Lake And Homestake Shear Zones, Central Colorado, Carsen T. Adams

Masters Theses

Kinematic and quantitative vorticity analysis of the Homestake shear zone (HSZ) and the Slide Lake shear zone (SLSZ) in central Colorado provide further insight into crustal processes that controlled deformation within the Colorado Mineral Belt (CMB) shear zone system throughout the Proterozoic. Evaluating vorticity, that is, the relative contributions of pure to simple shear in sheared rocks, is crucial to understanding lithospheric tectonic evolution and allows for kinematic modeling of shear zone development at a variety of scales. Moreover, novel vorticity analyses involve determining the orientation of the vorticity vector and vorticity normal surface which can give insight into shear …

Response Of Surface And Atmospheric Parameters Associated With The Iran M 7.3 Earthquake, Feng Jing, Ramesh P. Singh

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Multiparameter observed from satellite, including microwave brightness temperature, skin temperature, air temperature, and carbon monoxide, have been analyzed to identify the anomalous signals associated with the M 7.3 Iran earthquake of November 12, 2017. Besides removing the multiyear variability of parameters as background, the effect of surface and atmosphere of a dust storm event in Middle East region during October 29–November 1 is considered to distinguish the possible anomalies associated with the earthquake. The characteristic behaviors of surface and atmospheric parameters clearly show the signals associated with the M 7.3 earthquake and the dust storm event. The multiple parameters at …

Deformation Conditions Of Quartz-Rich Mylonites Of The Grenville Front Tectonic Zone And Application To The Crustal Strength, Xueke Chang

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis analyzes a suite of mylonites from the Grenville Front shear zone exposed southeast of Sudbury, Ontario. Lattice preferred orientations, titanium-in-quartz thermometer, and dynamically recrystallized grain size piezometer measurements were applied to obtain the deformation mechanisms, deformation temperatures (T), and differential stresses (σ), respectively. Results show that these mylonites were formed in the shear zone during the terminal stage of the Grenville Orogeny. The dominant deformation mechanism is by regime 2 dislocation creep. The deformation temperature is between 425-567 °C, and the differential stress is between 56-133 MPa. These results are discussed in the context of wet quartzite flow …

Emplacement Of The Dadeville Complex Of The Southernmost Inner Piedmont Within The 7.5 Min. Cusseta Quadrangle, Chambers County, Alabama: Channel Flow, Klippe Kinematics, Or Orogen Parallel Translation, Timothy Black

Master's Theses

The Appalachian Mountains have a complex geologic history spanning three orogenic periods, the Taconic, the Acadian/Neoacadian, and Alleghanian orogenies. The Inner Piedmont of the Appalachian Mountains within Alabama contains two distinct lithologic complexes, the Dadeville Complex, and the Opelika Complex separated by the Stonewall Line. These complexes were formed during an arc-back arc fringing system during the Taconic orogeny and emplaced and recorded peak metamorphism during the Acadian orogeny.

The Dadeville Complex is an allochthonous arc terrain built on extended Laurentian crust. The mode of transportation and accretion after formation is not well understood, which has implications for the role …

Bathymetry Based Modeling Of Subaxial Magma Flows Under The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 0 To 30° N, Adam R. Tjoelker, Neil Van Kanegan, Simon Detmer, C. Renee Sparks

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

Fracture patterns of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) provide evidence of tectonic forces related to divergence and magma upwelling at the ridge axis. In this study, we focus on the MAR from 0 to 30° N, where the N-S ridge exhibits slow spreading rates (2-4 cm/yr) and pronounced axial topography. Ridge segments and transform faults identified in bathymetry data were analyzed for strike orientation and axial depth profiles. Azimuths of transform faults and ridge segments exhibit increasing clockwise rotation with latitude, and all have left lateral displacement. Bathymetric sampling along ridge segments occurred at 9 km intervals with 20 km sampling …

Investigating The Thermodynamics And Seismic Profile Of The Europan Hydrosphere Through Pure-Water Modeling And Saltwater Experiments, Samantha Rosenfeld

Honors Theses

We explore the properties of the hydrosphere on Europa involving both a modeling technique and experimental methods. We perform a computational analysis of the thermodynamic properties for an ideal, pure-water Europan ice shell using a Python programming framework called SeaFreeze. We create four models assuming surface temperatures of either 50 K or 140 K and ice shell thicknesses of either 3 km or 30 km. We observe mostly linear trends for the density and seismic wave velocities with respect to depth and find that surface temperature has the greatest effect on the models. Simultaneously, we experimentally investigate the phase diagram …

Correlations Between The Rotations And Magnetospheres Of The Terrestrial Planets And The Sun's Formation In Our Solar System, Fred J. Cadieu

Publications and Research

Correlations between the rotations of the terrestrial planets in our solar system and the magnetic field of the Sun have been previously noted. These correlations account for the opposite rotation of Venus as a result of the magnetic field of the Sun being dragged across the conducting core of Venus. Currently the Sun’s magnetic field is not sufficiently strong to account for the proposed correlations. But recently meteorite paleomagnetism measurements have indicated that during the Sun’s formation the magnetic field of the Sun was of sufficient strength to have resulted in the observed correlations. As a part of these correlations …

Pronounced Changes In Thermal Signals Associated With The Madoi (China) M 7.3 Earthquake From Passive Microwave And Infrared Satellite Data, Feng Jing, Lu Zhang, Ramesh P. Singh

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Thermal variations in surface and atmosphere observed from multiple satellites prior to strong earthquakes have been widely reported ever since seismic thermal anomalies were discovered three decades ago. These thermal changes are related to stress accumulation caused by the tectonic activities in the final stage of earthquake preparation. In the present paper, we focused on the thermal changes associated with the 2021 Madoi M 7.3 earthquake in China and analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution of the Index of Microwave Radiation Anomaly (IMRA) and the Index of Longwave Radiation Anomaly (ILRA) based on 8-year microwave brightness temperature (MWBT) and 14-year …