Province-Wide Tapping Of A Shallow, Variably Depleted, And Metasomatized Mantle To Generate Earliest Flood Basalt Magmas Of The Columbia River Basalt, Northwestern Usa, 2023 Portland State University
Province-Wide Tapping Of A Shallow, Variably Depleted, And Metasomatized Mantle To Generate Earliest Flood Basalt Magmas Of The Columbia River Basalt, Northwestern Usa, Martin J. Streck, Luke James Fredenberg, Lena M. Fox, Emily B. Cahoon, Mary J. Mass
Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations
The Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) of the Pacific Northwest of the United States is the world’s youngest and smallest large igneous province. Its earliest formations are the Imnaha, Steens, and now the Picture Gorge Basalt (PGB), and they were sourced from three different dike swarms exposed from SE Washington to Nevada to northcentral Oregon. PGB is often viewed to be distinct from the other formations, as its magmas are sourced from a shallow, relatively depleted, and later subduction-induced metasomatized mantle, along with its young stratigraphic position. It has long been known that the lowermost American Bar flows (AB1&2) …
Toward A Greater Comprehension Of The Paraná Epicontinental Sea During The Late Paleozoic Ice Age: The Glacial And Postglacial Record In The Western Paraná Basin (Brazil) And The Kaokoveld Fjord Network (Namibia), 2023 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Toward A Greater Comprehension Of The Paraná Epicontinental Sea During The Late Paleozoic Ice Age: The Glacial And Postglacial Record In The Western Paraná Basin (Brazil) And The Kaokoveld Fjord Network (Namibia), Eduardo Luiz Menozzo Da Rosa
Theses and Dissertations
The late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA; 362 to 255 Ma) was an icehouse interval that drove substantial changes in Earth’s surficial systems. Numerous paradigms regarding aspects of the LPIA were established throughout ~150 years of research based primarily on the evolving state of knowledge in sedimentology. The near-field lithological evidence for widespread glaciation across sedimentary basins of Gondwana are the building blocks for comprehensive paleoclimatic, biologic, paleogeographic, and ice volume models. Nevertheless, the embodied glacial record from several late Paleozoic Gondwanan depocenters still rely on insufficient and/or outdated sedimentologic and stratigraphic studies, which can lead to misinterpretations in models built …
Rheological Bridge Zones: A New Perspective To Explore Strain Localization And Rock Rheological Weakening, 2023 Maine
Rheological Bridge Zones: A New Perspective To Explore Strain Localization And Rock Rheological Weakening, He Feng
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Strain localization, a ubiquitous geological phenomenon, emerges when rock undergoes extensive weakening and accommodates disproportionate deformation. This phenomenon spans from brittle faulting to viscous flow, known as shear zones. Despite its prevalence, discussions on weakening primarily center on highly strained samples, rather than the initial deformation state. This research delves into the evolution of localization and rheology in intact rocks.
Heterogeneous mechanical properties within the lithosphere vary based on mineralogy, microstructure, and environmental conditions. Chapter 2 characterizes microscale structures termed "bridge zones." These zones, observed through optical and electron microscopy, exhibit distinctive morphologies. Comprising fine-grained aggregates, bridge zones link weak …
Constraining Silicate Weathering During The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (Meco) Using Radiolarian Ge/Si, 2023 Utah State University
Constraining Silicate Weathering During The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (Meco) Using Radiolarian Ge/Si, Olivia R. Laub
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present
Silicate weathering has long been considered a fundamental component of the earth system and has been cited as one of, if not the primary stabilizing feedback for climate. However, recent work has shown that the role of silicate weathering in the climate system is more complicated and dynamic than previously assumed. In this study I examine the role of weathering in the enigmatic warming event, the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) that occurred approximately 40 Ma. This event works as a good case study as there are multiple features of the MECO that differentiate it from other warming events that …
Geospatial Analysis Of Weathering And Recession On Architectural Limestone At The 1891 Powerhouse/Icehouse In Eureka Springs, Arkansas, 2023 University of Arkansas-Fayetteville
Geospatial Analysis Of Weathering And Recession On Architectural Limestone At The 1891 Powerhouse/Icehouse In Eureka Springs, Arkansas, Stuart Bruce Wright
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study of the architectural limestone of the 1891 Powerhouse/Icehouse in Eureka Springs, Arkansas was to analyze the environmental factors that influenced the deterioration and surface recession of this historical stone structure. The focus of this research was to examine and establish a baseline study that may assist in future monitoring and documentation of this historic limestone structure on stone weathering. A replicable methodology was specifically created toward this baseline research in hopes that it represented a solid baseline study. Observations and data analyses revealed the relationship between the architectural limestone building structure and the dominating recession …
Maximum Depositional Age Analysis Using Paired La-Icp-Ms And Ca-Id-Tims Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology, 2023 University of Arkansas-Fayetteville
Maximum Depositional Age Analysis Using Paired La-Icp-Ms And Ca-Id-Tims Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology, Benjamin L. Howard
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The “law of detrital zircons” states that a sedimentary unit cannot be older than its youngest detrital zircon. The youngest U-Pb date(s) from detrital zircon may thus be used to infer a given sedimentary deposit’s maximum depositional age (MDA). MDAs may be calculated in various ways using dates from zircon U-Pb geochronology. Common dating methods used for U-Pb geochronology are laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and chemical abrasion-isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS), a low- and high-resolution instrument type, respectively. Chapter 2 will systematically compare paired LA-ICP-MS and CA-ID-TIMS dates from the same zircon grains to assess the agreement …
The Tidal Prism, Viable Eelgrass Habitat, And The Effects Of Sea Level Rise In Morro Bay, 2023 California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
The Tidal Prism, Viable Eelgrass Habitat, And The Effects Of Sea Level Rise In Morro Bay, Kaden A. Caliendo
Master's Theses
The tidal prism, or the volume of water exchanged from the sea to an estuary from mean low to mean high tide, influences system hydrodynamics and ecological functioning. Since 1884, the tidal prism in Morro Bay, California has been estimated to be decreasing over time due to sedimentation from upstream practices. What is the current tidal prism in Morro Bay and how will that change with sea level rise? How will eelgrass respond to rising sea levels?
For this study, inexpensive tidal gauges were deployed at four locations in Morro Bay from March to August 2023 to measure spatially varying …
Tree-Ring Reconstruction Of Ouachita River Streamflow, 2023 University of Arkansas-Fayetteville
Tree-Ring Reconstruction Of Ouachita River Streamflow, Keaton Cade Jenkins-Joyce
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The Ouachita River drains the Ouachita Mountains and Upper Coastal Plain in Arkansas and Louisiana. The Ouachita River is used for navigation, power generation, recreation, water supply, and wastewater treatment. The river has been prone to low flows during drought and extreme flooding, which were principal justifications for the construction of three large multipurpose dams on the stream. It is likely that the use of the Ouachita River will be stressed by future population growth, economic expansion, and climate change. For this study, tree-ring chronologies from various locations in and near the Ouachita River drainage basin were used to reconstruct …
Shallow Groundwater Distributions And Changes With Sea Level Rise In Seattle, Washington, 2023 University of Arkansas-Fayetteville
Shallow Groundwater Distributions And Changes With Sea Level Rise In Seattle, Washington, Taylor L. Watson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Sea level rise (SLR) associated hazards, such as coastal flooding and erosion, are pressing issues of great concern for coastal communities across the globe. Shallow and emergent groundwater can contribute to groundwater hazards such as flooding, landslides, or damage to shallow infrastructure. This study investigates the shallow groundwater within Seattle, Washington, and projects how it will respond to SLR using interpolation and numerical groundwater modeling methods. Then, a geologic modeling method is presented as a preliminary investigation of heterogeneity and anisotropy within the aquifer system. In the results for the present-day interpolation, ~6 % of the coastal buffer –the total …
Tropical Atlantic Temperature And Hydrologic Shifts During The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, 2023 Utah State University
Tropical Atlantic Temperature And Hydrologic Shifts During The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Chels Howard
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is a geologic climate event that is studied heavily due to the similarities to anthropogenic climate change. This event occurred approximately 56 million years ago (Ma) and is characterized by a rapid release of carbon into the atmosphere, which resulted in an increase in temperature and a change in global climate events such as changes in patterns of evaporation and precipitation. We see this effect occurring in modern anthropogenic climate change due to the burning of fossil fuels releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. In this study I use elemental data of …
Alteration And Mineralization Of The Deep Extension Of The Giant Chuquicamata Porphyry Copper Deposit, Northern Chile, 2023 University of Texas at El Paso
Alteration And Mineralization Of The Deep Extension Of The Giant Chuquicamata Porphyry Copper Deposit, Northern Chile, Claudio Andres Araya Torres
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Porphyry copper deposits are the major source of copper and molybdenum in the world. The deposits consist of large volumes of rock altered by hydrothermal fluids released by shallow, intermediate composition magma chambers, with metallic mineralization present in veins, breccias, and disseminations; ore grades are typically 0.3-1.0 wt.% Cu. The subject of this study, the Chuquicamata porphyry copper deposit in northern Chile, is one of the most productive such deposits in the world, with over 45 million tons of Cu produced since large scale, open pit mining started early in the XXth century. Current production at Chuquicamata is from an …
Preliminary Assessment For Critical Minerals In The Terlingua Quicksilver District, Texas And Tres Marias Mine, Chihuahua, Mexico, 2023 University of Texas at El Paso
Preliminary Assessment For Critical Minerals In The Terlingua Quicksilver District, Texas And Tres Marias Mine, Chihuahua, Mexico, Eduardo Lee Zuniga
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The Terlingua Quicksilver district was discovered around the 1880s and was a mercury producing district from 1900 through 1946. The most productive years were during World War one and two. From 1900-1946 the Terlingua Quicksilver District (TQD) produced 150,000 flasks; 80% came from three mines: the Rainbow-Chisos, Mariposa, and Study Butte mines. The structural controls of the Mercury mineralization within these mines are breccia pipes and fractures, often located near igneous intrusions. This study will assess the potential for Critical Minerals and Rare Earth Elements in the Terlingua Quicksilver District. Fifty-five samples have been collected and analyzed for forty-four different …
Thermal Energy Storage Using High Temperature Borehole Heat Exchangers In Unconsolidated Materials, 2023 Clemson University
Thermal Energy Storage Using High Temperature Borehole Heat Exchangers In Unconsolidated Materials, Kayla Bicknell
All Theses
Thermal energy storage is a potential method for storing excess energy produced when supply is greater than demand. The use of the subsurface for storing thermal energy has become more recognized as a viable alternative to conventional methods of energy storage. However, high temperature borehole thermal energy storage has yet to be researched in-depth. Therefore, the goal of this project is to determine the feasibility of using the subsurface to store thermal energy at relatively high temperatures.
The focus of this work is to determine what design elements would make a borehole thermal energy storage system most effective and produce …
The Broadwater Formation (Pliocene) Of Nebraska And Southeastern Wyoming, 2023 University of Nebraska-Lincoln
The Broadwater Formation (Pliocene) Of Nebraska And Southeastern Wyoming, Robert F. Diffendal Jr., James B. Swinehart
Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications
The Broadwater Formation, initially defined in 1945, is a Pliocene-aged coarse-grained alluvial deposit in Nebraska and southeastern Wyoming. It is characterized by a complex stratigraphic history and debated geologic interpretations. The formation is a rich resource of groundwater for the citizens of Nebraska and the Central Great Plains. We aim to synthesize and redefine the Broadwater Formation, shedding light on its distribution, geological characteristics, and paleoenvironmental significance. While historical hypotheses on Broadwater Formation paleovalley trajectories suggested northwest-southeast trending valleys, later investigations proposed wind-driven erosional patterns to explain the unique topographic features observed. The Broadwater is divided into an unnamed Upper …
Electrofacies Analysis Using A Geostatistical Approach, Northern Iraq Case Study, 2023 Department of Petroleum Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Soran, Erbil, Iraq
Electrofacies Analysis Using A Geostatistical Approach, Northern Iraq Case Study, Hussein S. Hussein
Polytechnic Journal
The distribution of petrophysical parameters is governed by lithology, hence understanding the spatial variation in lithology is essential for reservoir characterisation. This study points out the use of well logs to estimate the lithology of carbonate rocks (limestone, marly limestone, dolomite, and dolomitic limestone) found in Upper Cretaceous to Miocene formations at the Khabbaz Oil Field in Northern Iraq. Applying the multivariate regression technique to neutron, and density data enabled accurate lithology prediction. By using independent values (well log data) to predict a dependent value (lithology), this technique is a progression of regression analysis. The formations under study comprised a …
Determining The P-Wave Velocity Structure In The Near-Surface Of Nw Miami, Florida, Using Quarry Blasts, 2023 University of South Florida
Determining The P-Wave Velocity Structure In The Near-Surface Of Nw Miami, Florida, Using Quarry Blasts, Elham Moslemi
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The fact that Florida is an earthquake-free region has caused seismologists to pay less attention to it. Few earthquakes in this state mean it is not a usual practice to study the propagation of seismic waves. However, utilizing data from quarry blasts, we studied wave propagation in this region. The primary objective of the project is to investigate the near-surface P-wave velocity structure and factors that may affect it. We also analyzed the amplitude of signals versus distance and blast size. A network of up to 10 Raspberry Shake instruments around the NW Miami-Lakes mining area was deployed where four …
Migmatite Formation, Geochronometer Petrogeneisis, And Rare Earth Element Mineralization In The Adirondack Mountains, Ny, 2023 University of Massachusetts Amherst
Migmatite Formation, Geochronometer Petrogeneisis, And Rare Earth Element Mineralization In The Adirondack Mountains, Ny, Kaitlyn Suarez
Doctoral Dissertations
The Adirondack Mountains in upstate New York contain exposures of complex partially melted rocks, in addition to iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits with variable rare earth element (REE) concentrations. Previous workers have suggested that melting occurred during the ca. 1150 Ma Shawinigan and the ca. 1050 Ma Ottawan orogenies. However, there are challenges in determining the timing of melting and the number of partial melt events. Further, tectonic models must be developed to describe the petrogenesis of IOA and REE mineralization.
Migmatites are present along Rt. 4/22 near Whitehall, NY. In chapter two, all layers of a single migmatitic rock were …
Heat Flow In The Southern Margin Of Salar De Atacama: Deep Groundwater Temperature Distributions And The Implications For Subsurface Flow And Land Surface Energy Budgets, 2023 University of Massachusetts Amherst
Heat Flow In The Southern Margin Of Salar De Atacama: Deep Groundwater Temperature Distributions And The Implications For Subsurface Flow And Land Surface Energy Budgets, Graham Thomas
Masters Theses
Salar de Atacama (SdA) located in Northern Chile is home to one of the planet’s largest salar systems and lithium resources. Managing groundwater resources in salars is not obvious due to the lack of scientific understanding on the connectivity between the freshwater and brine systems. Using heat as a tracer in SdA provides a cost-effective method to further investigate groundwater flow in salars. This study employs 372 temperature-depth profiles from 90 boreholes between 2013-18 to understand the distinct thermal zones and flow between them in SdA. Three thermal zones exist within the southern margin of SdA’s thermal regime, at higher …
Examining Paleoshorelines In The Eastern Gulf Of Mexico: Insights On Sea Level History And Potential Areas Of Interest For Habitat Management, 2023 University of South Florida
Examining Paleoshorelines In The Eastern Gulf Of Mexico: Insights On Sea Level History And Potential Areas Of Interest For Habitat Management, Catalina Rubiano
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
An inventory of multibeam bathymetry containing relict drowned and lithified paleoshorelines has been compiled and analyzed in the first ever shelf-wide investigation of paleo sea level indicators on the west Florida shelf (WFS). On the largest scale, the WFS is a wide and gently sloping terrain that is characterized by a carbonate-rich sediment regime. This framework coupled with the region’s tectonic stability provided a setting in which sea level changes since ~ 20 ka have been recorded to a remarkable degree of resolution in the form of paleoshorelines which formed at sea level and were subsequently drowned and preserved in …
Kentucky Karst Dye Trace Database, 2023 University of Kentucky
Kentucky Karst Dye Trace Database, Sarah M. Arpin, Benjamin W. Tobin, Maaz Fareedi, Adam Link, James C. Currens
Research Data--KGS
This dataset provides the geographical locations of karst groundwater basins, groundwater flowpaths, and dye injection/recovery points in Kentucky. Dye tracing is a common method used for understanding groundwater movement. Dye is poured (or injected) into a sinking stream, well, sinkhole, or body of water, where it is carried down-gradient by flowing water. The locations at which dye is recovered (typically at artesian springs) indicates a connection from injection to recovery site. This connection is refered to as a groundwater flowpath. Conducting multiple dye traces across an area allows for the interpretation of regional groundwater flow by assessing where flowpaths either …