Long Tree-Ring Chronologies: The Role Of “Bridge” Tree-Ring Series, 2023 private
Long Tree-Ring Chronologies: The Role Of “Bridge” Tree-Ring Series, John Woodmorappe
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
At the last ICC, I presented a detailed paper explaining how a series of disturbances can cause trees to crossmatch in accordance with the disturbances, and not in accordance with an annual climatic signal us conventionally believed. Extending this reasoning, different regions with different disturbances create a series of “bundles” of trees crossmatching only within these regions. These “bundles” can subsequently be connected in a chain by “bridge” series (series that fortuitously perform this role), thus creating the illusion of a very long tree-ring chronology, even though most of these trees actually lived at the same time.
Up to now, …
After Awhile...Crocodile?: An Assessment Of Crocodylians As Living Fossils, 2023 Loma Linda University
After Awhile...Crocodile?: An Assessment Of Crocodylians As Living Fossils, Caleb N. Lepore
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
Crocodylians, which include extant crocodiles, alligators, caimans, the gharial, and the tomistoma, are often considered living fossils. Many evolutionists have argued that the term ‘living fossil’ is inappropriately applied to crocodylians, since past diversity within Crocodylia, as well as within the more inclusive group Crocodylomorpha, implies that they have evolved substantially since their first appearance in the fossil record. In contrast, many creationists argue that the morphological conservativeness of living fossils like crocodylians is unexpected from a gradualistic model of evolution. To clarify this issue, we argue that while the term ‘living fossil’ has varied meanings within the literature, morphological …
Catastrophic Plate Tectonics And The Tectonics Of Western North America, 2023 Liberty University
Catastrophic Plate Tectonics And The Tectonics Of Western North America, Sarah Petersen, John Baumgardner
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
Catastrophic Plate Tectonics (CPT) is a widely accepted theory among Young Earth Creation scientists to explain the catastrophic flooding and tectonic plate movement during the Biblical Flood. CPT has implications beyond the early stages of the Flood, as rapid subduction would result in a variety of tectonic settings that influenced modern topography. In western North America, the formation of several major tectonic features has been debated by secular scientists for decades. Using hypotheses that depend on slow tectonic rates and long timescales has led to a general inability to account for all geologic observations in this region. During the Cretaceous …
How Often Do Radioisotope Ages Agree? A Preliminary Study Of 29,000 Radioisotope Ages In The Usgs National Geochronological Database, 2023 Cedarville University
How Often Do Radioisotope Ages Agree? A Preliminary Study Of 29,000 Radioisotope Ages In The Usgs National Geochronological Database, Micah D. Beachy, Benjamin R. Kinard, Paul A. Garner
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
In young-earth analyses of radioisotope age discordance, there have not yet been statistical studies involving age information for large numbers of rock units at a time. Austin (2005), Snelling (2005) and others have published in-depth studies of discordance on individual rock units, including new radioisotope ages based on their own samples. This was a logical approach because it maximized the number of ages per rock unit and eliminated the potential “file drawer” problem where ages that differ wildly from the expected values may be less likely to be published. Nevertheless, we believe it is time for a larger-scale project that …
Can Sandstone Cross-Bed Dip Inclinations Determine Depositional Environment?, 2023 Cedarville University
Can Sandstone Cross-Bed Dip Inclinations Determine Depositional Environment?, John H. Whitmore
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
The author and his colleagues have been working on the Coconino Sandstone (Arizona, USA) for more than twenty years concluding that the sandstone formed in an underwater setting instead of the conventionally accepted desert dune environment. During their work (Emery et al. 2011; Whitmore 2021; Whitmore and Garner 2018) they reported that average cross-bed dips in the Coconino were approximately 20°, consistent with what others have found in the Coconino (Maithel 2019; Reiche 1938). Most realize this average measurement is far less that the angle or repose for desert sand dunes, which is about 33-34°. The Coconino often lacks cross-bed …
Developing A Comprehensive Model Of Global Flood Paleontology: Integrating The Biostratigraphic Record With Global Megasequence Deposition, 2023 Institute for Creation Research
Developing A Comprehensive Model Of Global Flood Paleontology: Integrating The Biostratigraphic Record With Global Megasequence Deposition, Jeffrey P. Tomkins, Timothy L. Clarey
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
The ICR Column Project team has mapped out the sedimentary rock record of the global Flood across five of the world’s continents using extensive data from petroleum industry wells, rock outcrops, seismic data, and published cross-sections. Thus, detailed sedimentary rock data along with megasequence boundaries across every nearly every continent have been documented, including the continental shelf. These data confirm the reality of a global geologic column created by the global Flood. This monumental and unprecedented project has shown that the global Flood and it’s corresponding megasequences are represented by the same stratigraphic profiles on every continent that’s been evaluated; …
A Progressive Global Flood Model Confirmed By Rock Data Across Five Continents, 2023 Institute for Creation Research
A Progressive Global Flood Model Confirmed By Rock Data Across Five Continents, Timothy L. Clarey, Davis J. Werner
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
Over 3000 stratigraphic columns have been compiled across North and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia using oil wells, measured sections and seismic data. Phanerozoic fossil-bearing rocks are divided into six packages of sedimentation based on the “mega-sequences” concept of Sloss. Maps of individual megasequences across the continents and the total volumes show the earliest megasequences have the least extent and lowest average volume of sediment. Subsequent megasequences show progressively more coverage and more sediment volume. Most continents show a maximum peak in both coverage and thickness in the in the 4th or 5th megasequence.
We interpret these …
What Biostratigraphic Continuity Suggests About Earth History, 2023 Truett McConnell University
What Biostratigraphic Continuity Suggests About Earth History, Kurt P. Wise, Donna Richardson
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
If the present world contains sediments generated in the global Flood described in the Bible, we would expect a distinctive paleontological uniformity at both the beginning and the end of the Flood. Populations of organisms both before and after the Flood would be expected to persist at any particular locality for a significant period of time. Many of the same species would be expected to persist across every depositional time boundary at most localities in the world throughout both the pre-Flood and post-Flood worlds. During the Flood, of the species deposited in more than one depositional level, it would not …
A Preliminary Analysis Of Archosauromorph Baraminology, 2023 The Master's University
A Preliminary Analysis Of Archosauromorph Baraminology, Matthew A. Mclain, Caroline Clausen, Thai Perez, Katherine Beebe, Alia Ahten
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
Archosauromorpha is a large grouping of reptiles including the Archosauria and other related taxa, such as phytosaurs, rhynchosaurs, and tanystropheids. Phylogenetically, Archosauria contains both crocodilians and birds, as well as several extinct groups (e.g., dinosaurs, pterosaurs, etc.). Crocodilians and their extinct relatives belong to the group Pseudosuchia, whereas birds, dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and a few other animals lie within Avemetatarsalia. Creationists can agree or disagree with these taxonomic groupings, but all creationists would concur that these animals do not share a single common ancestor. Rather, Scripture clearly teaches that God created separate kinds of animals, including different kinds of birds, which …
Genealogical Vs Phylogenetic Mutation Rates: Answering A Challenge, 2023 Creation Ministries International
Genealogical Vs Phylogenetic Mutation Rates: Answering A Challenge, Robert Carter
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
There is a discrepancy between the mutation rate we can measure today and the rate at which evolution is supposed to have proceeded. The former is sometimes called the genealogical mutation rate, for it is obtained by comparing individuals whom we know to be related. The latter is sometimes called the phylogenetic mutation rate. It is calculated by counting the fixed differences between two species and dividing by the estimated time since their common ancestor. Genealogical mutation rates are generally several orders of magnitude faster than phylogenetic estimates. This causes problems for the evolutionary model. For example, using the genealogical …
The Role Of Large Tsunamis In The Formation Of The Flood Sediment Record, 2023 Liberty University
The Role Of Large Tsunamis In The Formation Of The Flood Sediment Record, John Baumgardner, Evan Navarro
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
A major challenge for Flood geology is providing a credible explanation for how the staggering volume of fossil-bearing sediment was eroded, transported, and deposited in orderly patterns on the surface of the normally high-standing continents in only a few months’ time. This paper builds upon the numerical modeling work reported at the 2018 ICC utilizing a code named MABBUL which showed that repetitive giant tsunamis generated by catastrophic plate tectonics during the Genesis Flood can plausibly account for the Flood sediment record. That modeling demonstrated that, with reasonable parameter choices, tsunami-driven cavitation erosion during the Flood itself, mostly along the …
Shoreline Transgressive Terraces: Tufa-Encrusted Landforms Indicate Rapid Filling And Failure Of Hopi Lake, Western Bidahochi Basin, Northeastern Arizona, 2023 Cedarville University
Shoreline Transgressive Terraces: Tufa-Encrusted Landforms Indicate Rapid Filling And Failure Of Hopi Lake, Western Bidahochi Basin, Northeastern Arizona, Steven A. Austin, Edmond W. Holroyd Iii, Thomas F. Folks, Nate Loper
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
Bidahochi Basin is an elongate, 300-kilometer-long structural depression in the Painted Desert region of northeastern Arizona. Today, that basin is occupied by the Little Colorado River directly east of Grand Canyon. For more than 150 years geologists have been pondering the notion that a lake once occupied a large part of Bidahochi Basin. In 1936 Howel Williams named it Hopi Lake. Are strandlines from a Pliocene lake imprinted on limestone slopes of Kaibab Formation in western Bidahochi Basin? Our inquiry led us to study Google imagery from Coconino County just east of Flagstaff, Arizona. There the Kaibab Formation is a …
Testing The Order Of The Fossil Record: Preliminary Observations On Stratigraphic-Clade Congruence And Its Implications For Models Of Evolution And Creation, 2023 Core Academy of Science
Testing The Order Of The Fossil Record: Preliminary Observations On Stratigraphic-Clade Congruence And Its Implications For Models Of Evolution And Creation, Kathryn Mcguire, Sophie Southerden, Katherine Beebe, Neal Doran, Matthew Mclain, Todd Charles Wood, Paul A. Garner
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
As a key evidence for macroevolutionary change, the fossil record has been the focus of much study as creation scientists have attempted to interpret its patterns in light of the Flood. Despite this importance, only rarely has the order of the fossil record been scrutinized in any detail, by creationists or evolutionists. We therefore conducted the first large-scale study of the congruence of the fossil record with evolutionary predictions in thirty years.
Our method begins with published phylogenies for organisms found in the fossil record. The order of appearance for each taxon on the phylogeny is assigned a rank, then …
Receding Noahic Flood Waters Led To Seafloor Spreading: A Proposed Geological Model, 2023 Independent scholar
Receding Noahic Flood Waters Led To Seafloor Spreading: A Proposed Geological Model, Harry Dickens
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
Plate tectonics and seafloor spreading are among the most significant geological processes on Earth. However, their emergence and development currently remain unresolved, at least in the secular literature. Some possible mechanisms for the initiation of seafloor spreading are discussed.
The catastrophic plate tectonic (CPT) model for Noah’s Flood was a pioneering attempt to tie aspects of geology together in a conceptual or theoretical physical way. However, the CPT model has an incomplete coverage in clear time order of both Scripture and specific stratigraphy. Formations representing the Flood Year’s receding waters and drying phases seem to have not been considered in …
Radiohalos Through Earth History – What Clues Can They Provide Us?, 2023 Answers in Genesis
Radiohalos Through Earth History – What Clues Can They Provide Us?, Andrew A. Snelling
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
Radiohalos are a physical record of radioactive decay that occurred in granites and metamorphic rocks through earth history. They are the result of damage to the host crystals by α-particles produced in the 238U decay chain (Snelling 2000). Normally 238U radiohalos are produced. However, there are also radiohalos produced by the three isotopes of Po (218Po, 214Po and 210Po) that are generated towards the end of the 238U decay chain. Because their half-lives are so fleeting (3.1 mins, 164 µsec, and 138 days, respectively), the existence of these Po radiohalos has been “a …
Landscape/Atmosphere Interactions And Carbon-Dioxide Dynamics In The Great Onyx Groundwater Basin, Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, 2023 Western Kentucky University
Landscape/Atmosphere Interactions And Carbon-Dioxide Dynamics In The Great Onyx Groundwater Basin, Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, Meghan Raines
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
An increase in atmospheric CO2 since the Industrial Revolution has altered rates of global climate change and has motivated a need to better quantify the flux of carbon between Earth’s reservoirs. Attempts to quantify the exchange of atmospheric carbon between sources and sinks have led to an increasing interest in the terrestrial landscape, including the continental carbon sink associated with carbonate-mineral dissolution. This research sought to better inform an understanding of karst landscapes and their relationship with global climate change through carbon cycling. The study utilized high-resolution data collection of pH, temperature, and specific conductance of waters in the Cascade …
Recurrence Interval Estimates For The July 2022 Eastern Kentucky Floods, North Fork Of The Kentucky River, 2023 University of Kentucky
Recurrence Interval Estimates For The July 2022 Eastern Kentucky Floods, North Fork Of The Kentucky River, William C. Haneberg
Open File Reports--KGS
July 2022 flood recurrence interval calculations for three gages along the North Fork of the Kentucky River—Whitesburg, Hazard, and Jackson, Kentucky—based upon both empirical distributions and theoretical log-Pearson Type III distributions yield a range of results from 851 years for the Whitesburg gage near the headwaters of the North Fork to about 2 years for the Hazard gage to 94 years for the Jackson gage. While the log-Pearson Type III approach worked well for the Whitesburg and Hazard gages, it produced an unrealistically low estimate for the Jackson gage because the empirical and theoretical curves diverge significantly for large floods …
The Broadwater Formation (Pliocene) Of Nebraska And Southeastern Wyoming, 2023 University of Nebraska-Lincoln
The Broadwater Formation (Pliocene) Of Nebraska And Southeastern Wyoming, Robert F. Diffendal Jr., James B. Swinehart
Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications
The Broadwater Formation, initially defined in 1945, is a Pliocene-aged coarse-grained alluvial deposit in Nebraska and southeastern Wyoming. It is characterized by a complex stratigraphic history and debated geologic interpretations. The formation is a rich resource of groundwater for the citizens of Nebraska and the Central Great Plains. We aim to synthesize and redefine the Broadwater Formation, shedding light on its distribution, geological characteristics, and paleoenvironmental significance. While historical hypotheses on Broadwater Formation paleovalley trajectories suggested northwest-southeast trending valleys, later investigations proposed wind-driven erosional patterns to explain the unique topographic features observed. The Broadwater is divided into an unnamed Upper …
Characterizing Silicate Materials Via Raman Spectroscopy And Machine Learning: Implications For Novel Approaches To Studying Melt Dynamics, 2023 University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Characterizing Silicate Materials Via Raman Spectroscopy And Machine Learning: Implications For Novel Approaches To Studying Melt Dynamics, Blake O. Ladouceur
Doctoral Dissertations
Silicate melt characteristics impose dramatic influence over igneous processes that operate, or have operated on, differentiated bodies: such as the Earth and Mars. Current understanding of these melt properties, such as composition, primarily comes from investigations on their volcanic byproducts. Therefore, it is imperative to innovate on modalities capable of constraining melt information in environments where a reliance on laboratory methods is severed. Recent investigations have turned to Raman Spectroscopy and amorphous volcanics as a suitable pairing for exploring these ideas. Silicate glasses are a proxy for igneous melts; and Raman spectroscopy is a robust analytical technique capable of operating …
Southern Rio Grande Rift Kinematics And Geochronology, Big Bend Fold Geometry, And The Use Of Real Data In Geoscience Education: Contributions To The Understanding Of Big Bend Geology And To Public Geoscientific Literacy, 2023 University of Texas at El Paso
Southern Rio Grande Rift Kinematics And Geochronology, Big Bend Fold Geometry, And The Use Of Real Data In Geoscience Education: Contributions To The Understanding Of Big Bend Geology And To Public Geoscientific Literacy, Jessica Kelsch
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The Big Bend region of Trans-Pecos Texas preserves a rich record of Rio Grande rifting and Laramide-age contraction that provide intrigue to national and state park visitors and field trips for undergraduate geology students. Despite its well-exposed geologic record, the Big Bend region remains an underutilized natural laboratory for studying these two tectonic events. This dissertation combines structural studies of Rio Grande rift and Laramide structures with public outreach and geoscience education studies focused on the Big Bend region. In Chapter 2, existing extensional-kinematic studies from parts of this region are compiled with new fault kinematic and U-Pb geochronologic data …