Translational Medical Research Commons^™

Covid-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Case Report From The Covid-19 Surveillance Program., Mohamad Belal Aldaas, Dylan Goldsmith, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

A 72-year-old male was brought to the hospital following a motorcycle crash and was admitted for multiple trauma management. His initial course of hospitalization was complicated by mild hypoxemia and altered mental status. Respiratory workup and imaging were consistent with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. He completed a five-day course of remdesivir and a ten-day course of dexamethasone. Twenty days later, he developed a low-grade fever. His chest computerized tomography (CT) showed gas and fluid containing parenchymal collection in the anteromedial right middle lobe measuring up to 4.8 cm, most consistent with a pulmonary abscess. Antimicrobial treatment was started.

The patient became hypoxic …

Lack Of Interferon (Ifn) Regulatory Factor 8 Associated With Restricted Ifn-Γ Response Augmented Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication In The Mouse Brain, Aarti Tripathi, Bhupendra Singh Rawat, Sankar Addya, Milan Surjit, Prafullakumar Tailor, Sudhanshu Vrati, Arup Banerjee

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a myeloid lineage transcription factor, emerges as an essential regulator for microglial activation. However, the precise role of IRF8 during Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection in the brain remains elusive. Here, we report that JEV infection enhances IRF8 expression in the infected mouse brain. Comparative transcriptional profiling of whole-brain RNA analysis and validation by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) reveals an impaired interferon gamma (IFN-g) and related gene expression in Irf8 knockout (Irf82/2)-infected mice. Further, Ifng knockout (Ifng2/2) mice exhibit a reduced level of Irf8. Both Ifng2/2 and Irf82/2 mice exhibit significantly reduced levels of activated …

Bridging The Gap From Clinical Research Done On Populations To The Care Of An Individual Patient, James Peter Meza

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

The Editor reflects on the application of clinical scales to Clinical Decision Making.

Metformin Monotherapy Is An Effective Alternative For Management Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Patients Refusing Insulin Monotherapy, Tyler Russeth

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using:

Ghomian N, Vahed SHM, Firouz S, Yaghoubi MA, Mohebbi M, Sahebkar A. The efficacy of metformin compared with insulin in regulating blood glucose levels during gestational diabetes mellitus: A randomized clinical trial. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(4):4695-4701. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27238

for a patient with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) who does not wish to undergo insulin monotherapy.

Weight Loss As Sole Treatment For Obstructive Sleep Apnea In A Patient With Significant Risks Posed By Daytime Sleepiness, Steven Daws

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using:

Kuna ST, Reboussin DM, Borradaile KE, Sanders MH, Millman RP, Zammit G, Newman AB, Wadden TA, Jakicic JM, Wing RR, Pi-Sunyer FX, Foster GD; Sleep AHEAD Research Group of the Look AHEAD Research Group. Long-term effect of weight loss on obstructive sleep apnea severity in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Sleep. 2013 May 1;36(5):641-649A. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.2618

to inform whether weight loss alone can adequately and promptly treat OSA in a patient with high-risk employment and an aversion to more invasive intervention.

A Light In The Dark: End-Of-Life Conversations In Advanced Cancer Patients Improve Caregiver Grief, Nicole Meeks

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using:

Wright AA, Zhang B, Ray A, Mack JW, Trice E, Balboni T, Mitchell SL, Jackson VA, Block SD, Maciejewski PK, & Prigerson HG. Associations between end-of-life discussions, patient mental health, medical care near death, and caregiver bereavement adjustment. JAMA. 2008;300(14):1665-1673. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.14.1665

for a patient with end stage cancer and an anxious caregiver.

Does Hiv Status Confer A Higher Risk Of Acquiring Covid-19? Using Clinical Decision Science To Combat Patients’ Anxiety, Camilo Guzman

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using

del Amo J, Polo R, Moreno S, et al. “Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 in HIV-Positive Persons Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.” Annals of Internal Medicine. 2020;173(7):536-541. doi.org/10.7326/m20-3689

for a patient with HIV and concerns about COVID-19 for immunocompromised individuals.

University Of Louisville International Travel Clinic: Pivoting During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Dawn Balcom, Subathra Marimuthu, Leslie A Wolf, Luanne Didelot, Sarah Tan, Daniel Hall, Ruth Carrico

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Association Of Lung Cancer With Pneumonia And Chlamydia Pneumoniae Infection, Johnny Zakhour Md, Daniel Muller, Alex Glynn, Jose Bordon

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Introduction: The degree of association and type of causal versus non-causal relationship between pneumonia and lung cancer (LC) are evolving discussions. We reviewed English publications on the degree of association between pneumonia and subsequent LC.

Methods: We searched the PubMed database using key words for pneumonia, LC, and chlamydia infection. We selected peer-reviewed studies of patients with pneumonia and LC. Case reports and other literature reviews were excluded from this review.

Results: Five studies examined the incidence and/or risk of LC for a total of 415,750 patients, and four studies examined cases with Chlamydia pneumoniae chronic infection at the time …

The Contribution Of Patient Reported Outcome Measures To Shared Decision-Making In Radiation Oncology At A Midwestern Comprehensive Cancer Center, Kellie Bodeker

Doctor of Philosophy in Translational Health Sciences Dissertations

Background. Chronic diseases, such as lung cancer, require a provider-patient relationship developed over time. This relationship fosters shared decision-making (SDM), a collaborative, dynamic information exchange and analysis between provider and patient regarding treatment and desired outcomes. Established benefits to SDM include an improved quality of life and decreased anxiety and depression. Despite established benefits, recent research suggests radiation oncologists are not engaging in SDM. A decision-aid tool utilizing patient reported outcome measures may increase SDM between radiation oncologists and patients with lung cancer. Patient-reported outcome measures, wherein the patient provides direct assessment of their health and quality of life, …

Barriers And Benefits Experienced In Qualitative Geriatric Emergency Care Research During The Covid-19 Era, James D. Van Oppen, Emma Regen, Kay Phelps, Timothy J. Coats, Jose M. Valderas, Simon P. Conroy, Nicola Mackintosh

Journal of Geriatric Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Pulmonary Inflammation And Injury Triggered By Spine Surgery In Recovered Covid-19 Patients Demand Consideration, Luciano Rodrigo Lopes, Silvana Kertzer Kasinski

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Apoε4 Lowers Energy Expenditure In Females And Impairs Glucose Oxidation By Increasing Flux Through Aerobic Glycolysis, Brandon C. Farmer, Holden C. Williams, Nicholas A. Devanney, Margaret A. Piron, Grant K. Nation, David J. Carter, Adeline E. Walsh, Rebika Khanal, Lyndsay E. A. Young, Jude C. Kluemper, Gabriela Hernandez, Elizabeth J. Allenger, Rachel Mooney, Lesley R. Golden, Cathryn T. Smith, J. Anthony Brandon, Vedant A. Gupta, Philip A. Kern, Matthew S. Gentry, Josh M. Morganti, Ramon C. Sun, Lance A. Johnson

Physiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Cerebral glucose hypometabolism is consistently observed in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as in young cognitively normal carriers of the Ε4 allele of Apolipoprotein E (APOE), the strongest genetic predictor of late-onset AD. While this clinical feature has been described for over two decades, the mechanism underlying these changes in cerebral glucose metabolism remains a critical knowledge gap in the field.

METHODS: Here, we undertook a multi-omic approach by combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and stable isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM) to define a metabolic rewiring across astrocytes, brain tissue, mice, and human subjects expressing APOE4.

RESULTS: Single-cell …

Facilitating Aging In Place And Community By Empowering Participation In Society: A Mixed Methods Study On The Co-Development Of A Theory Of Change With Suburban-Dwelling Older Adults, Emily Balog

Doctor of Philosophy in Translational Health Sciences Dissertations

Background: Baby boomers are steadily aging in America and represent an increased population in nearly every sector. In suburban communities today, older adults make up 51% of the population. Ninety-five percent of all older adults live in community settings and have expressed a desire to avoid costly institutionalization and to remain in their homes and communities, also called aging in place. Older adults in moderate income suburban communities are increasingly at a higher risk for institutionalization should their health or finances decline as the access to their wealth is within the home in which they dwell. This process …

Student Research Mentorship Programme: A Novel Solution For Promoting Research In Medical School, Inaara Akbar, Russell S. Martins, Syeda Sadia Fatima

Medical College Documents

No abstract provided.

Bridging The Knowledge-To-Action Gap: A Qualitative Description Of The Use Of Knowledge Translation In Entry-Level Doctor Of Occupational Therapy Capstones, Maria Martino

Doctor of Philosophy in Translational Health Sciences Dissertations

Although developments in the use of knowledge translation (KT) in occupational therapy practice and research are emerging, a gap in education remains. A recent revision of accrediting standards for doctor of occupational therapy (OTD) programs now specifies scholarly study that advances KT. However, little is understood of how this change in accreditation standards is being implemented, nor of its effect on OTD capstones. The purpose of this study was to describe how KT is reflected and can be promoted in entry-level OTD capstones. A descriptive qualitative design was used with semi-structured individual interviews of OTD faculty as well as content …

Why Should People Use Face Masks In The Time Of Covid? The Jri Position, Jose Bordon, Alex Glynn, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

No Difference In Clinical Outcomes For African American And White Patients Hospitalized With Sars-Cov-2 Pneumonia In Louisville, Kentucky, Julio A. Ramirez, Stephen P. Furmanek, Thomas Chandler, Stephen S. Hanson, Dawn Balcom, Subathra Marimuthu, Sathya Krishnasamy, Jose Bordon, Rodrigo Cavallazzi, Amr Aboelnasr, Mahder A. Tella, William A. Mattingly, Ashley M. Wilde, Daisy Sangroula, Demetra Antimisiaris, Donghoon Chung, Guillermo Cabral, Gabino R Fernandez-Botran, Jiapeng Huang, Martin Gnoni, Ozan Akca, Paul Schulz, Phillip F. Bressoud, Priya Krishnan, Sally Suliman, William P. Mckinney, Bryan Moffett, Leslie A Wolf, Mark Burns, Alex Glynn, Ruth Carrico, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Introduction: Current literature indicates that African American individuals are at increased risk of becoming infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and suffer higher SARS-CoV-2-related mortality rates. However, there is a lack of consensus as to how the clinical outcomes of African American patients differ from those of other groups. The objective of this study was to define the clinical outcomes of African American and White hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Louisville, Kentucky.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 CAP at eight hospitals in Louisville, Kentucky. Severity of CAP at time of hospitalization …

Generating Cisplatin Resistant Hpv-Positive Hnscc Cell Lines, Temitope Akintola

Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference

Acquired or innate resistance to chemotherapy poses a significant challenge in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). HNSCCs are often treated with a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, with cisplatin being a standard-of-care chemotherapy drug. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) associated HNSCCs have better treatment outcomes and prognosis when compared to HPV- HNSCCs. However, a subset (15-20%) of HPV+ patients develop treatment resistant diseases. The purpose of this study is to generate in-vitro models of cisplatin resistance in five HNSCC cell lines. We aim to characterize the generated cells in order to identify target genes that may …

Strongyloides Stercoralis Hyperinfection And Disseminated Tuberculosis, Hernan Terroba, Alejandra González, Diana Vera Gonzalez, Roxana Mariela Godoy, Analia Santos, Marisol Arrojo

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.