Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

E-Cigarette Use Among Women Of Reproductive Age: Impulsivity, Cigarette Smoking Status, And Other Risk Factors., Laura L. Chivers, Dennis J. Hand, Jeff S. Priest, Stephen T. Higgins

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: The study aim was to examine impulsivity and other risk factors for e-cigarette use among women of reproductive age comparing current daily cigarette smokers to never cigarette smokers. Women of reproductive age are of special interest because of the additional risk that tobacco and nicotine use represents should they become pregnant.

METHOD: Survey data were collected anonymously online using Amazon Mechanical Turk in 2014. Participants were 800 women ages 24-44years from the US. Half (n=400) reported current, daily smoking and half (n=400) reported smokingsociodemographics, tobacco/nicotine use, and impulsivity (i.e., delay discounting & Barratt Impulsiveness Scale). Predictors of smoking and …

Understanding Teamwork In The Provision Of Cancer Care: Highlighting The Role Of Trust, Elizabeth H. Lazzara, Joseph R. Keebler, Soosi Day, Deborah Diazgranados, Minggui Pan, Michael A. King, Shin-Ping Tu

Publications

Team science research has indicated that trust is a critical variable of teamwork, contributing greatly to a team’s performance. Trust has long been examined in health care with research focusing on the development of trust by patients with their health care practitioners. Studies have indicated that trust is linked to patient satisfaction, adherence to treatment, continuity of care, and improved outcomes. We explore the construct of trust using a case example of a patient who received a surgical procedure for a precancerous polyp. We apply the principle of trust to the case as well as present the literature on trust …

Now Hear This: Inattentional Deafness Depends On Task Relatedness, Donald J. Tellinghuisen, Alexander J. Cohen, Natalie J. Cooper

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Mixed results have been found for the impact of auditory information presented during high-perceptual-load visual search tasks, with some studies showing large effects and others indicating inattentional deafness, with such stimuli going largely undetected. In three experiments, we demonstrated that task relatedness is a key factor in whether extraneous auditory stimuli impact high-load visual searches. Experiment 1 addressed a methodological concern (e.g., Lavie Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 75–82, 2005) regarding the timing of the relative onsets and offsets of task-related, to-be-ignored auditory stimuli and visual search arrays in experiments that have shown auditory distractor effects. Robust auditory distractor effects …

Ambivalence: Prerequisite For Success In Motivational Interviewing With Adolescents?, Sarah W. Feldstein Ewing, Timothy R. Apodaca, Jacques Gaume

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The exploration and resolution of ambivalence play an essential role in motivational interviewing (MI) theory. However, most adolescent MI studies have not examined ambivalence as a contributor to behaviour change. This paper reviewed research findings on the role of ambivalence in the adolescent change process.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We undertook a narrative review of the published empirical and theoretical literature on ambivalence and mechanisms of change in MI for adolescents and found that current MI evaluations appear not to have access to reliable and valid measures of ambivalence in adolescence or neuroimaging methods to evaluate the mechanisms …

Review: Sylvia Martin, 'Ink In Her Veins: The Troubled Life Of Aileen Palmer', (Crawley: Uwa Publishing, 2016)., Rowan Cahill

Rowan Cahill

Review: Sylvia Martin, 'Ink In Her Veins: The Troubled Life Of Aileen Palmer', (Crawley: Uwa Publishing, 2016)., Rowan Cahill

Rowan Cahill

Clinical Impact Of A Novel Interprofessional Dental And Pharmacy Student Tobacco Cessation Education Program On Dental Patients, Matthew Boyd, Pharmd Candidate, Jillian Lykon, Pharmd Candidate, Jacqueline M. Theodorou, Pharmd, Bcps, Melissa E. Rotz, Pharmd, Bcps, Shannon Myers Virtue, Psyd, Elizabeth Waldron, Ba

JCIPE Conference

Objectives:

• To compare the difference between IPE care and standard care (SC) groups regarding dental patients' perceptions of knowledge gained about tobacco cessation, intentions to quit tobacco use, and quit attempts at follow-up.

• To evaluate perceptions of IPE care.

Background:

Based on the link between tobacco use and oral health and the frequent contact between dental providers and patients, the dental clinic is an ideal setting to address tobacco use.1

• Many dentists feel unprepared providing tobacco cessation education, particularly pharmacologic treatment options.1-3

• Pharmacists promote safe and effective pharmacologic treatment options for tobacco dependence and patients’ perceptions …

Naïve Beliefs About The Natural World In A Case Of Childhood Onset Amnesia, William Winter

Publications and Research

The individual profiled here (M.S.) suffered an episode of severe oxygen deprivation (anoxia) at the age of eight, damaging memory relevant structures in the mid-temporal lobes, including the hippocampus bilaterally. The resulting anterograde amnesia was characterized by profound deficits in autobiographical memory, but also a compromised ability to acquire new facts and information (semantic memory), resulting in the formation of idiosyncratic and naïve beliefs about the natural world that have persisted into his adult years. This article presents an interview with M.S. in which many of these idiosyncratic beliefs are detailed, and argues that they can be broadly viewed as …

Can Academic Medicine Lead The Way In The Refugee Crisis?, Amir A Afkhami

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

The world is currently in the midst of the largest refugee crisis since World War II, with the highest interval of mass displacement in recorded history according to the United Nations. The United States has pledged to maintain its position as one of the world's top resettlement countries in response to this crisis. These new immigrants will arrive with exceptional chronic and acute medical needs, including higher rates of behavioral health disorders. The author describes the health care challenges experienced by refugees seeking asylum in the United States and outlines the ways in which our health care system is currently …

Improving Mental Health Of Elementary School Children, Alexa Proctor

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

Alexa Proctor is an advanced practice student on clinical rotations with the Purdue University College of Pharmacy. In this article, she describes her experience working with Mental Health America (MHA) of Tippecanoe County and third grade children, in addition to her passion to help improve mental health in students of all ages.

The Effect Of Confirmation Bias In Criminal Investigative Decision Making, Wayne A. Wallace

Harold L. Hodgkinson Award for Outstanding Dissertation

Confirmation bias occurs when a person believes in or searches for evidence to support his or her favored theory while ignoring or excusing disconfirmatory evidence and is disinclined to change his or her belief once he or she arrives at a conclusion. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine whether emotionally charged evidence and evidence presentation order could influence an investigator's belief in a suspect's guilt. The study included 166 sworn police officers (basic training recruits, patrol officers, and criminal investigators) who completed online surveys in response to criminal vignettes across different scenarios to record their measure of …

Risky Sexual Behavior And The Role Of Decision-Making, Jessica M. Ross

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Risky sexual behavior (RSB) is the number one transmission method of HIV among adolescents. Reducing the rates of HIV among adolescents is of dire importance considering the rises in rates during the last several years. Minority adolescents are disproportionately affected by HIV, and a majority of the individuals living in Miami-Dade County (location of the proposed project) are minorities. RSB, externalizing disorders and cannabis use commonly occur together, such that both greater externalizing disorder symptoms and greater amounts of cannabis use have predicted engagement in more RSB. In addition, decision-making (a neurocognitive function) has found to be associated with cannabis …

Academic Experience And Self Perception Study, Mark J. Tocchet Jr.

HON499 projects

Self-perception is a complex view of the self that incorporates a person's attitudes, preferences, and actions and interprets these behaviors to have a view of the self. This study attempts to look at the self perception of college students and observe how this is influenced by a person’s academic experience. Specifically, when addressing academic experience the areas being investigated are achievement within several subjects, enjoyment within these subjects, and extracurricular activities, both inside and outside of the university setting. This is an exploratory correlational study that attempts to find some key differences in the self-perceptions of university students in different …

A Pilot Study Of Comparison Gesture Analysis In Motion Driven Video Games, Fabrizio Valerio Covone, Brian Vaughan, Charlie Cullen

Conference Papers

This study investigates whether there are significant differences in the gestures made by gamers and non-gamers whilst playing commercial games that employ gesture inputs. Specifically, the study focuses on testing a prototype of multimodal capture tool that we used to obtain real-time audio, video and skeletal gesture data. Additionally, we developed an experimental design framework for the acquisition of spatio-temporal gesture data and analysed the vector magnitude of a gesture to compare the relative displacement of each participant whilst playing a game.

Corned Beef And Karma: A Story About My Volunteering (Reluctantly) To Review For A Journal, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

The Reliability And Validity Of The Task Analysis Recording Procedure (Tarp), Russell Brown Psyd

All Student Scholarship

Task analysis data collection typically focuses on the acquisition of skills by recording the percentage of steps in the response chain completed independently and correctly. While useful as a measure of skill acquisition, percentage correct does not promote a step based analysis of factors that may promote or interfere with skill acquisition, including necessary prompts and the occurrence of challenging behavior. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Task Analysis Recording Procedure (TARP) in recording physical stereotypy, a behavior often emitted by participants with autism or other developmental disabilities, by comparing TARP obtained physical stereotypy data to that …

Behavioral And Emotional Consequences Of Thought Listing Versus Cognitive Restructuring During Discarding Decisions In Hoarding Disorder, Randy O. Frost, Clarissa Ong, Gail Steketee, David F. Tolin

Psychology: Faculty Publications

An essential criterion for hoarding disorder (HD) is difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, yet few studies have examined reactions to actual discarding behaviors. The present study examined whether individuals with HD differed from non-hoarding community controls (CC) in discarding behavior and emotional reactions to discarding. A second purpose was to examine the course of experienced distress following discarding. A third purpose was to determine whether HD participants responded differently to a simple thought listing (TL) instruction or to a cognitive restructuring (CR) protocol. Participants were asked to decide whether to keep or discard (a) a personal possession and (b) …

Acceptability Of Treatments And Services For Individuals With Hoarding Behaviors, Carolyn I. Rodriguez, Amanda Levinson, Sapana R. Patel, Kim Rottier, Jordana Zwerling, Susan Essock, Lee Shuer, Randy O. Frost, Helen Blair Simpson

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective To explore the acceptability of currently available treatments and services for individuals who self-report hoarding behaviors. Method Between 10/2013 and 8/2014, participants were invited to complete an online survey that provided them descriptions of eleven treatments and services for hoarding behaviors and asked them to evaluate their acceptability using quantitative (0 [not at all acceptable]−10 [completely acceptable]) Likert scale ratings. The a priori definition of acceptability for a given resource was an average Likert scale score of six or greater. Two well-validated self-report measures assessed hoarding symptom severity: the Saving Inventory-Revised and the Clutter Image Rating Scale. Results Two …

Gender-Typed Behavior Over Time In Children With Lesbian, Gay, And Heterosexual Parents, Abbie E. Goldberg, Randi L. Garcia

Psychology: Faculty Publications

The current longitudinal study examined patterns and predictors of parent-reported gender-typed play behavior in adopted boys and girls in lesbian, gay, and heterosexual 2-parent families, across early childhood (Mage = 2.82 to 6.06 years). Specifically, using a sample of 181 couples (56 lesbian couples, 48 gay male couples, and 77 heterosexual couples), we examined parent reports of children's gendertyped play behavior on the Pre-School Activities Inventory (PSAI; Golombok & Rust, 1993) at 3 time points (mean age = 2.82 years at T1, 3.93 years at T2, and 6.06 years at T3). Family structure variables (i.e., parents' gender and sexual orientation; …

The Influence Of Televised Food Commercials On Children's Food Choices: Evidence From Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Activations., Amanda S. Bruce, Stephen W. Pruitt, Oh-Ryeong Ha, J Bradley C Cherry, Timothy R. Smith, Jared M. Bruce, Seung-Lark Lim

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how food commercials influence children's food choices.

STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-three children ages 8-14 years provided taste and health ratings for 60 food items. Subsequently, these children were scanned with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging while making food choices (ie, "eat" or "not eat") after watching food and nonfood television commercials.

RESULTS: Our results show that watching food commercials changes the way children consider the importance of taste when making food choices. Children did not use health values for their food choices, indicating children's decisions were largely driven by hedonic, immediate rewards (ie, "tastiness"); however, children …