Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Testing Self-Efficacy As A Pathway That Supports Self Care Among Family Caregivers In A Psychoeducational Intervention, Marie Savundranayagam, M. Brintnall-Peterson

Marie Y Savundranayagam

This study investigated the extent to which a psychoeducational intervention supports family-centered care by influencing health risk and self-care behaviors of caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (N = 325). Moreover, this study investigated the extent to which changes in self-efficacy explained changes in health risk and self-care behaviors. Data were analyzed using repeated measures and multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression. Qualitative written accounts of the impact of the intervention augmented the quantitative findings. The study's findings revealed that family caregivers experienced reductions in health risk behaviors and improvements in exercise, stress management, and relaxation activities as ...

The Relation Of Aerobic Fitness To Neuroelectric Indices Of Cognitive And Motor Task Preparation, Jason Themanson, Keita Kamijo, Kevin O'Leary, Matthew Pontifex, Charles Hillman

Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D

The relation of aerobic fitness to task preparation was examined in a sample of young adults separated into higher- and lower-fit groups according to their maximal oxygen consumption. Participants performed a modified Sternberg working memory task under speed and accuracy instructions while measures of task performance and contingent negative variation (CNV) were collected. Analyses revealed no significant fitness differences between groups on task performance measures. However, frontal CNVamplitude was significantly larger for lower-fit participants compared to higher-fit participants during the speed instructions, an effect not found for the accuracy instructions. These results suggest that lower-fit individuals may rely to a ...

(99m)Tc-Dtpa Diuretic Renal Scintigraphy In Dogs With Nephroureterolithiasis, Silke Hecht, Meg Lawson, India Lane, Dorothy Sharp, Gregory Daniel

India F. Lane

This study evaluated the results of diuretic renal scintigraphy in dogs with urolithiasis. Eighty-three kidneys with nephroureterolithiasis +/- renal pelvis/ureteral dilation were included in the study. Sixty-three kidneys showed a non-obstructive pattern, with a steep drop or gradual downward slope of renal time-activity curve (TAG). Excretion half-time of radiopharmaceutical (T-1/2) was 3.99 (2.99 to 7.95) min. Three kidneys showed an obstructive pattern, with continuous rise of the TAG and median T-1/2 of -10.71 (-5.20 to -17.56) min. Fifteen kidneys had non-diagnostic studies characterized by flat TAG. Individual kidney glomerular filtration rate was ...

Go To Ruth's House: Ruth Lubic And Public Advocacy, Julie Fairman

Julie A Fairman

No abstract provided.

Congenital Skin Diseases, Mark Bohling

Mark W. Bohling DVM, PhD

No abstract provided.

Improved Schizophrenia Patient’S Ability To Work And Live Independently In The Community: A Ten-Year Long-Term Outcome Study From Mumbai, India, Amresh Srivastava, Larry Stitt, Meghana Thakar, Nilesh Shah, Gurusamy Chinnasamy

Amresh Srivastava

Background: The outcome of schizophrenia has several determinants. Socio-ecological factors, particularly living conditions, migration, community and culture, not only affect the level of risk but also the outcome. Mega cities around the world show a unique socio-ecological condition which has several challenges for mental health. The present study reports the long-term status of patients with schizophrenia in such a mega city - Mumbai, India. Aim: This study aims to reveal long-term outcome of patients suffering from schizophrenia with special reference to clinical symptoms and social functioning. Methods: The cohort for this study was drawn from a 10-year follow-up of first episode ...

Considerations For Culturally Appropriate Hiv/Aids Education Strategies In Belize: An Analytical Study Exploring The Relationship Between Knowledge And Stigma, C. Mcinnes, Treena Orchard, E. Druyts, R. Baird, W. Zhang, R. Hogg, P. Vandeusen

Dr. Treena Orchard

No abstract provided.

Contextual And Audience Moderators Of Channel Selection And Message Reception Of Public Health Information In Routine And Crisis Situations, Elizabeth Avery

Elizabeth Johnson Avery

A richer understanding of audience channel selection and message reception during routine and crisis situations through receiver-oriented research offers great promise to extend situational theory's predictive utility. Key variables of situational theory, including involvement, constraint, and problem recognition in information seeking and processing may be moderated by broader demographic and contextual factors in consumption of health information. Thus, situational theory frames this analysis of channels most important for public use in routine and crisis contexts in health information seeking, differences in preferences between contexts, and the criteria publics apply when evaluating the quality of health information. Results of a ...

Consumption Smoothing And Hiv/Aids: The Case Of Two Communities In South Africa, Sebastian Linnemayr

Sebastian Linnemayr

HIV/AIDS threatens to overstretch the already frail informal safety nets in countries heavily affected by the epidemic, potentially making it difficult for households with HIV‐positive members to keep up appropriate consumption levels when experiencing shocks. These households may, in addition, face exclusion from informal insurance networks because of widespread stigmatization. Surprisingly, the resilience of informal networks to HIV‐related shocks and their uncertain worth for afflicted households in particular have not been empirically tested to date. Using 3 years of a novel panel data set from two poor South African communities experiencing HIV‐related illnesses and deaths, we ...

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Suppression Of Breast Cell Carcinogenesis Induced By Chronic Exposure To Combined 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone And Benzo[A]Pyrene, X Song, Kusum Rathore, N Siriwardhana, D Lin, Hwa-Chain Wang

Kusum Rathore MS, PhD, College of Veterinary Medicine

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in northern America and northern Europe; dietary prevention is a cost-efficient strategy to reduce the risk of this disease. To identify dietary components for the prevention of human breast cancer associated with long-term exposure to environmental carcinogens, we studied the activity of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in suppression of cellular carcinogenesis induced by repeated exposures to low doses of environmental carcinogens. We used combined carcinogens 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), at picomolar concentrations, to repeatedly treat noncancerous, human breast epithelial ...

An Overview Of Physical Growth And Maturation, Andrew Hills, Nuala Byrne

Nuala Byrne

No abstract provided.

Physical Inactivity, Appetite Regulation And Obesity, Neil King, Rachel Colley, Nuala Byrne, Andrew Hills

Nuala Byrne

No abstract provided.

A Review Of Autoimmune Diseases Associated With Cancer, Patricia Tai, Edward Yu, Kurian Joseph, Thomas Miale

Edward Yu

The focus of this review is on the relationships between autoimmune diseases and cancer from two closely related perspectives: 1.Those autoimmune diseases which are often associated with malignancies. 2.Those prevalent cancers which may increase the risks of developing autoimmune disorders. The review concludes with a brief discussion of some selected innovative approaches to cancer immunotherapy.

The Antecedents And Outcomes Of Attachment And Sponsor Image Within Charity Sport Events, Kevin Filo, Daniel Funk, Danny O'Brien

Danny O'Brien

Sport events benefiting a charitable cause have emerged as meaningful experiences for participants. These charity sport events may allow event sponsors to shape perceptions of corporate image among event participants. Using the Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) as the theoretical framework, the factors that contribute to participants' perceptions of event sponsors are examined. The influence of this image of event sponsors on behavioral outcomes among participants is also investigated. A post-event questionnaire was administered to participants in a sport event (A^ = 672) to investigate the relationships among motives, sponsor image, event attachment, purchase intent, and future participation intent. Results reveal that ...

Finding Information By "Design": Search Strategies For Cardiothoracic And Vascular Anesthesia Literature, Denise Hersey, Viji Kurup

Denise Hersey

Desired Outcomes Of An Undergraduate Education In Psychology From Departmental, Student, And Societal Perspectives, R. Landrum, Bernard Beins, Mukul Bhalla, Karen Brakke, Deborah Briihl, Rita Curl-Langager, Thomas Pusateri, Jaye Van Kirk

R. Eric Landrum

What are the desired outcomes of an undergraduate education in psychology? It is vital to identify the desired outcomes that benefit departments, students, and society, because the pursuit of these goals helps psychology educators achieve the best possible learning experience for their students. We purposely take a different approach to what might be expected of an outcomes chapter in a review of undergraduate psychology education. We address methods that departments and educational institutions use to assess the outcomes of psychology education from the standpoint of departmental performance and student achievement. We identify goals of the undergraduate experience held by psychology ...

Health Survey Instrument Development Through A Community-Based Participatory Research Approach:Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Hplp-Ii) And Brazilian Immigrants In Greater Boston, Mansoureh Tajik, Heloisa Galvão, Carlos Siqueira

C. Eduardo Siqueira

Brazilians are among the fastest growing segment of immigrant populations in several states of the United States. Culturally appropriate and validated health survey instruments do not exist to adequately assess the health needs of this population. Through a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, a cross-cultural pilot project was conducted to develop and test a culturally-adapted Brazilian Portuguese-version of the health-promoting lifestyle profile II (HPLP-II) instrument with a convenience sample of 60 bilingual and bicultural Brazilian immigrants using a combined quasi experimental and focus group design. The project evaluated HPLP-II instrument's psychometric properties of equivalency, reliability, and score distribution in ...

Photovoice In The Workplace.Pdf, Marian Flum, Carlos Siqueira, Anthony Decaro, Scott Redway

C. Eduardo Siqueira

Early Intervention In Psychotic Disorders: Challenges And Relevance In The Indian Context, Matcheri Keshavan, Amresh Shrivastava, Bangalore Gangadhar

Amresh Srivastava

Over the last two decades, there has been an increasing interest in the concept of early intervention (EI) in psychotic disorders, notably schizophrenia. Several lines of research underlie this emerging paradigm shift: (a) an increasingly well-established association between the duration of prolonged untreated illness and poor outcome; (b) evidence of progressive neurobiological changes in the early course of schizophrenia both in the pre-psychotic and psychotic phases, as evidenced by brain imaging studies in schizophrenia; and (c) emerging data, albeit preliminary, suggesting the efficacy and effectiveness of EI programs in improving the outcome in these patients. Mental health service systems across ...

Pkc Inhibition Increases Gap Junction Intercellular Communication And Cell Adhesion In Human Neuroblastoma, M. Morley, C. Jones, M. Sidhu, V. Gupta, S. Bernier, W. Rushlow, Daniel Belliveau

Daniel J. Belliveau

Abstract Gap junction intercellular communication and cell–cell adhesion are essential for maintaining a normal cellular phenotype, including the control of growth and proliferation. Loss of either cell–cell adhesion or communication is common in cancers, while restoration of function is associated with tumor suppression. Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes regulate a broad spectrum of cellular functions including growth and proliferation, and their overexpression has been correlated with carcinogenesis. Consequently, PKC inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical trials as an anti-cancer agents although the precise cellular alterations induced by PKC inhibitors remain to be elucidated. In the current study, the effects ...