Pathology Commons^™

Molecular Testing For Acute Respiratory Tract Infections: Clinical And Diagnostic Recommendations From The Idsa's Diagnostics Committee., K. E. Hanson, M. M. Azar, R. Banerjee, A. Chou, R. C. Colgrove, C. C. Ginocchio, M. K. Hayden, M. Holodiny, S. Jain, Diagnostics Committee Of The Infectious Diseases S, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

The clinical signs and symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are not pathogen specific. Highly sensitive and specific nucleic acid amplification tests have become the diagnostic reference standard for viruses and translation of bacterial assays from basic research to routine clinical practice represents an exciting advance in respiratory medicine. Most recently, molecular diagnostics have played an essential role in the global health response to the novel coronavirus pandemic. How best to use newer molecular tests for RTI in combination with clinical judNorthwell Healthnt and traditional methods can be bewildering given the plethora of available assays and rapidly evolving technologies. …

Reevaluation Of The Us Pathologist Workforce Size, S. J. Robboy, D. Gross, J. Y. Park, E. Kittrie, J. M. Crawford, R. L. Johnson, M. B. Cohen, D. S. Karcher, R. D. Hoffman, W. S. Black-Schaffer, +1 Additional Author

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Molecular Pathology Economics 101: An Overview Of Molecular Diagnostics Coding, Coverage, And Reimbursement A Report Of The Association For Molecular Pathology, A. N. Sireci, J. L. Patel, L. Joseph, M. C. Hiemenz, O. C. Rosca, S. K. Caughron, S. A. Thibault-Sennett, T. L. Burke, D. L. Aisner

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Concordance Between Original Death Certifications And An Expert Panel Process In The Determination Of Sudden Unexplained Death In Childhood, L. G. Crandall, J. H. Lee, D. Friedman, K. Lear, K. Maloney, J. K. Pinckard, P. Lin, T. Andrew, A. K. Williamson, O. Devinsky, +8 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Importance: The true incidence of sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC), already the fifth leading category of death among toddlers by current US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates, is potentially veiled by the varied certification processes by medicolegal investigative offices across the United States. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of SUDC incidence, understand its epidemiology, and assess the consistency of death certification among medical examiner and coroner offices in the US death investigation system. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this case series, 2 of 13 forensic pathologists (FPs) conducted masked reviews of 100 cases enrolled in the SUDC …

Redox Regulation Of Src Kinase: Implications For Innate Il-33 Signaling In Allergen Responses, Christopher Michael Dustin

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

The proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase Src is a ubiquitously expressed non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in critical cellular functions including wound healing, migration, survival, and proliferation. Accordingly, aberrant Src signaling is also significantly involved in many diseases. Src is most well known as an oncogenic protein, however, there are emerging roles for Src signaling in various tissues involved in inflammatory diseases. One such tissue is the respiratory epithelium, which comprises the first line of defense against inhaled microbial, particulate, and chemical insults and is a critical nexus of innate immune signaling. Recent work has detailed the involvement of Src in many innate …

Fluorescent Sensor Arrays Can Predict And Quantify The Composition Of Multicomponent Bacterial Samples, Denis Svechkarev, Marat Sadykov, Lucas J. Houser, Kenneth W. Bayles, Aaron M. Mohs

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Fast and reliable identification of infectious disease agents is among the most important challenges for the healthcare system. The discrimination of individual components of mixed infections represents a particularly difficult task. In the current study we further expand the functionality of a ratiometric sensor array technology based on small-molecule environmentally-sensitive organic dyes, which can be successfully applied for the analysis of mixed bacterial samples. Using pattern recognition methods and data from pure bacterial species, we demonstrate that this approach can be used to quantify the composition of mixtures, as well as to predict their components with the accuracy of ~80% …

Stochastic Expression Of Sae-Dependent Virulence Genes During Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilm Development Is Dependent On Saes, Elizabeth A. Delmain, Derek E. Moormeier, Jennifer L. Endres, Rebecca E. Hodges, Marat R. Sadykov, Alexander R. Horswill, Kenneth W. Bayles

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

The intricate process of biofilm formation in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus involves distinct stages during which a complex mixture of matrix molecules is produced and modified throughout the developmental cycle. Early in biofilm development, a subpopulation of cells detaches from its substrate in an event termed “exodus” that is mediated by SaePQRS-dependent stochastic expression of a secreted staphylococcal nuclease, which degrades extracellular DNA within the matrix, causing the release of cells and subsequently allowing for the formation of metabolically heterogenous microcolonies. Since the SaePQRS regulatory system is involved in the transcriptional control of multiple S. aureus virulence factors, the …

Neutrophils Are Mediators Of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Progression In Bone, Diane L. Costanzo-Garvey, Tyler Keeley, Adam J. Case, Gabrielle F. Watson, Massar Alsamraae, Yangsheng Yu, Kaihong Su, Cortney E. Heim, Tammy Kielian, Colm Morrissey, Jeremy S Frieling, Leah M. Cook

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Bone metastatic prostate cancer (BM-PCa) significantly reduces overall patient survival and is currently incurable. Current standard immunotherapy showed promising results for PCa patients with metastatic, but less advanced, disease (i.e., fewer than 20 bone lesions) suggesting that PCa growth in bone contributes to response to immunotherapy. We found that: (1) PCa stimulates recruitment of neutrophils, the most abundant immune cell in bone, and (2) that neutrophils heavily infiltrate regions of prostate tumor in bone of BM-PCa patients. Based on these findings, we examined the impact of direct neutrophil-prostate cancer interactions on prostate cancer growth. Bone marrow neutrophils directly induced apoptosis …

Tlr2 And Caspase-1 Signaling Are Critical For Bacterial Containment But Not Clearance During Craniotomy-Associated Biofilm Infection, Amy L. Aldrich, Cortney E. Heim, Wen Shi, Rachel W. Fallet, Bin Duan, Tammy Kielian

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

BACKGROUND: A craniotomy is required to access the brain for tumor resection or epilepsy treatment, and despite precautionary measures, infectious complications occur at a frequency of 1-3%. Approximately half of craniotomy infections are caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) that forms a biofilm on the bone flap, which is recalcitrant to antibiotics. Our prior work in a mouse model of S. aureus craniotomy infection revealed a critical role for myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in bacterial containment and pro-inflammatory mediator production. Since numerous receptors utilize MyD88 as a signaling adaptor, the current study examined the importance of Toll-like receptor 2 …

An Integrated Computational And Experimental Study To Investigate Staphylococcus Aureus Metabolism, Mohammad Mazharul Islam, Vinai Chittezham Thomas, Matthew Van Beek, Jong-Sam Ahn, Abdulelah A. Alqarzaee, Chunyi Zhou, Paul D. Fey, Kenneth W. Bayles, Rajib Saha

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Staphylococcus aureus is a metabolically versatile pathogen that colonizes nearly all organs of the human body. A detailed and comprehensive knowledge of staphylococcal metabolism is essential to understand its pathogenesis. To this end, we have reconstructed and experimentally validated an updated and enhanced genome-scale metabolic model of S. aureus USA300_FPR3757. The model combined genome annotation data, reaction stoichiometry, and regulation information from biochemical databases and previous strain-specific models. Reactions in the model were checked and fixed to ensure chemical balance and thermodynamic consistency. To further refine the model, growth assessment of 1920 nonessential mutants from the Nebraska Transposon Mutant Library …

Utilizing Social Media To Spread Knowledge: The Association Of Pathology Chairs Experience At The 2018 Annual Meeting, Dana Razzano, Yonah C. Ziemba, Adam L. Booth, Priscilla Markwood, Christina T. Hanos, Nicole Riddle

Pathology and Cell Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Social Media Engagement At Academic Conferences: Report Of The Association Of Pathology Chairs 2018 And 2019 Annual Meeting Social Media Committee, Yonah C. Ziemba, Dana Razzano, Timothy C. Allen, Adam L. Booth, Scott R. Anderson, Anne Champeaux, Michael D. Feldman, Valerie Fitzhugh, Simone Gittens, Marilea Grider, Mary Gupta, Christina Hanos, Karen Kelly, Tarush Kothari, Jennifer Laudadio, Amy Y. Lin, Kamran M. Mirza, Kathleen T. Montone, Priscilla S. Markwood

Pathology and Cell Biology Faculty Publications

The use of social media at academic conferences is expanding, and platforms such as Twitter are used to share meeting content with the world. Pathology conferences are no exception, and recently, pathology organizations have promoted social media as a way to enhance meeting exposure. A social media committee was formed ad hoc to implement strategies to enhance social media involvement and coverage at the 2018 and 2019 annual meetings of the Association of Pathology Chairs. This organized approach resulted in an 11-fold increase in social media engagement compared to the year prior to committee formation (2017). In this article, the …

Tick-Borne Infections In New Hampshire: An Evaluation Of The Diagnostic Process In A Local Patient Population, Katherine Anderson

Honors Theses and Capstones

Overall, approximately 95 percent of reported cases of vector-borne disease were associated with ticks, making these the most medically important group of arthropods in the United States.¹ Despite the prevalence of tick-borne infections, the process for the diagnosis of this condition is not well studied. This study aims to analyze data from a pool of 100 patients who underwent testing for tick-borne disease in the same institution in Dover, New Hampshire during the most recent peak tick season of 2019. Information utilized in this study included: patient age, sex, location of testing (inpatient versus outpatient), diagnostic testing methods used …

Analysis Of Terminal Duct Lobular Unit Involution In Luminal, Her-2enriched And Triple Negative Breast Cancer Subtypes, Joseph Nyaguti Kiwinga

Theses & Dissertations

Introduction: The terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) of the breast is the most common origin of most breast cancers (BC). With increasing age and menopause, physiologic involution of TDLU occurs with a reduction in both the number and size of the lobules. Reduced TDLU involution is associated with a higher mammographic breast density (MBD) which by itself is a strong breast cancer risk factor. Recent studies have shown that TDLU involution is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer and involution also differs with molecular subtypes of BC.

Studies have shown that the etiology, pathogenesis and prognosis of the …

Acute Mesenteric Thrombosis: A Hematologist Perspective, Bushra Moiz, Zaid Muslim, Zahraa Farrukh Siddiqui, Hasnain Zafar

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Genetic And Functional Approaches To Understanding Autoimmune And Inflammatory Pathologies, Abbas Raza

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Our understanding of genetic predisposition to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has been enhanced by large scale quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, the resolution and interpretation of QTL linkage mapping or GWAS findings are limited. In this work, we complement genetic predictions for several human diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic capillary leakage syndrome (SCLS) with genetic and functional data in model organisms to associate genes with phenotypes and diseases.

Focusing on MS, an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), we experimentally tested the effect of three of the GWAS …

Refractory Scleroderma Renal Crisis Precipitated After High-Dose Oral Corticosteroids And Concurrent Intravitreal Injection Of Bevacizumab., Ramy M Hanna, Lama Abdelnour, Jonathan E Zuckerman, Antoney J Ferrey, Alex Pai, Kambiz Vahabzadeh, James Wilson, Everado A Torres, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Ira B Kurtz

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Scleroderma renal crisis is a serious complication that can develop in certain patients with systemic sclerosis. Some risks have been identified as potential triggers of scleroderma renal crisis, including the high-dose oral corticosteroids. Here, we present a patient who developed clinically severe systemic sclerosis and scleroderma renal crisis after exposure to oral corticosteroids and intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor blockade with bevacizumab for cotton wool spots. The patient's scleroderma renal crisis was severe, progressive, and refractory to the standard of care therapy: oral captopril. Biopsy showed a diffuse thrombotic microangiopathy and findings consistent with scleroderma renal crisis. We hypothesize that …

Intravascular Lymphoma With Progressive Cns Hemorrhage And Multiple Dissections., Ricky Chen, Gurjeet Singh, J Scott Mcnally, Cheryl A Palmer, Adam De Havenon

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Introduction: Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is an uncommon and often fatal disease characterized by intraluminal proliferation of lymphomatous cells within blood vessels. Because of a heterogeneous clinical presentation and lack of sensitive diagnostic protocols, diagnosis of IVL is most often made at autopsy. However, with early diagnosis and appropriate chemotherapy, the prognosis is greatly improved and complete remission is possible. In order to broaden the possible presentations of IVL, we present a patient with an atypical manifestation of biopsy-proven intravascular large B-cell lymphoma who suffered dissections of both intracranial and extracranial arteries in addition to progressive intracranial hemorrhages.

Conclusion: IVL is …

Von Willebrand Disease Among Women Of African Descent Attending The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, With Menorrhagia, Angela Nabutilu Munoko

Theses & Dissertations

Introduction: Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) is the most common heritable bleeding disorder with equal prevalence reported across the races. Women are more likely to present with excessive bleeding due to menstruation and child bearing. Studies have found that 5-24% of women presenting with menorrhagia have VWD.

Women of African descent are under-represented in studies carried out on Von Willebrand disease and lower prevalence has been reported in this population. VWD has variable penetrance and racial differences in genetic mutations may influence presentation and disease severity. It was predicted that the standardization of the study conditions (case definition of menorrhagia, use …

Etiologies Of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Among Adult Patients Presenting To A Tertiary Institution In Nairobi, Mary Achakolong

Theses & Dissertations

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections continue to contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality across all age groups globally. Viral pathogens in isolation or as co-infections are an important cause of pneumonia and associated with several life threatening syndromes that warrant appropriate and timely lifesaving diagnosis. Many viral respiratory infections demonstrate substantial regional and seasonal variations which are poorly understood. In addition, there are very few studies in sub-Saharan Africa that have examined the role of viruses as causes of community acquired pneumonia. The availability of molecular techniques such as multiplex PCR that are much more sensitive than traditional methods and …