Translational Models For Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Review Including Larger Species, 2017 St George’s University of London, UK
Translational Models For Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Review Including Larger Species, Atticus H. Hainsworth, Stuart M. Allan, Johannes Boltze, Catriona Cunningham, Chad Farris, Elizabeth Head, Masafumi Ihara, Jeremy D. Isaacs, Raj N. Kalaria, Saskia A. M. J. Lesnik Oberstein, Mark B. Moss, Björn Nitzsche, Gary A. Rosenberg, Julie W. Rutten, Melita Salkovic-Petrisic, Aron M. Troen
Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications
Background: Disease models are useful for prospective studies of pathology, identification of molecular and cellular mechanisms, pre-clinical testing of interventions, and validation of clinical biomarkers. Here, we review animal models relevant to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). A synopsis of each model was initially presented by expert practitioners. Synopses were refined by the authors, and subsequently by the scientific committee of a recent conference (International Conference on Vascular Dementia 2015). Only peer-reviewed sources were cited.
Methods: We included models that mimic VCI-related brain lesions (white matter hypoperfusion injury, focal ischaemia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy) or reproduce VCI risk factors (old age, hypertension, …
Which Food Security Determinants Predict Adequate Vegetable Consumption Among Rural Western Australian Children?, 2017 Edith Cowan University
Which Food Security Determinants Predict Adequate Vegetable Consumption Among Rural Western Australian Children?, Stephanie L. Godrich, Johnny Lo, Christina R. Davies, Jill Darby, Amanda Devine
Research outputs 2014 to 2021
Improving the suboptimal vegetable consumption among the majority of Australian children is imperative in reducing chronic disease risk. The objective of this research was to determine whether there was a relationship between food security determinants (FSD) (i.e., food availability, access, and utilisation dimensions) and adequate vegetable consumption among children living in regional and remote Western Australia (WA). Caregiver-child dyads (n = 256) living in non-metropolitan/rural WA completed cross-sectional surveys that included questions on FSD, demographics and usual vegetable intake. A total of 187 dyads were included in analyses, which included descriptive and logistic regression analyses via IBM SPSS (version 23). …
Combating Diabetes In Chittenden County: A Healthcare Provider Referral Campaign To Increase Patient Participation In The Vermont Diabetes Prevention Program, 2017 Larner College of Medicine at The University of Vermont
Combating Diabetes In Chittenden County: A Healthcare Provider Referral Campaign To Increase Patient Participation In The Vermont Diabetes Prevention Program, Samantha Magier
Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects
As of 2016, diabetes affects more than 29 million people in the United States and is the 7th leading cause of death nationwide. In Vermont, 1/10 people are diagnosed with either diabetes or prediabetes, with 6% of Vermonters affected by prediabetes and 5% of Chittenden Country affected by prediabetes. The public health burden of this chronic disease is immense: diabetes costs Vermont an estimated $543 million each year and is the leading cause of kidney failure, lower limb amputations, and adult-onset blindness. Prediabetes occurs when blood sugar is higher than normal but not at the diagnostic threshold of diabetes. Prediabetes …
Motility And Adhesion Through Type Iv Pili In Gram-Positive Bacteria, 2016 University of Maryland School of Medicine
Motility And Adhesion Through Type Iv Pili In Gram-Positive Bacteria, Kurt H. Piepenbrink, Eric J. Sundberg
Food for Health: Publications
Type IV pili are hair-like bacterial surface appendages that play a role in diverse processes such as cellular adhesion, colonization, twitching motility, biofilm formation, and horizontal gene transfer. These extracellular fibers are composed exclusively or primarily of many copies of one or more pilin proteins, tightly packed in a helix so that the highly hydrophobic amino-terminus of the pilin is buried in the pilus core. Type IV pili have been characterized extensively in Gram-negative bacteria, and recent advances in high-throughput genomic sequencing have revealed that they are also widespread in Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we review the current state of knowledge …
Oral Carbohydrate Administration Prior To Colorectal Surgery: Practice Change Outcomes And Economic Analysis, 2016 The University of Southern Mississippi
Oral Carbohydrate Administration Prior To Colorectal Surgery: Practice Change Outcomes And Economic Analysis, Joshua Kendrick Ezelle
Doctoral Projects
Difference in recovery times has been an interest of mine for many years. I observed that an open heart surgery routinely recovered and discharged on the third post-op day, while a colorectal patient often required a hospital stay of five to ten days. I began researching recovery methods of colorectal patients. I found enhanced recovery techniques like decreased narcotic, use of NSAID’s, early ambulation, and the use of medications that assist with bowel peristalsis are being employed nationally. Other techniques are now starting to be used with positive results. One of these is Carb-loading. Carb-loading is the oral intake of …
A Generalized Framework For Computational Design And Mutational Scanning Of T-Cell Receptor Binding Interfaces, 2016 University of Notre Dame
A Generalized Framework For Computational Design And Mutational Scanning Of T-Cell Receptor Binding Interfaces, Timothy P. Riley, Cory M. Ayres, Lance M. Hellman, Nishant K. Singh, Michael Cosiano, Jennifer M. Cimons, Michael J. Anderson, Kurt H. Piepenbrink, Brian G. Pierce, Zhiping Weng, Brian M. Baker
Food for Health: Publications
T-cell receptors (TCRs) have emerged as a new class of therapeutics, most prominently for cancer where they are the key components of new cellular therapies as well as soluble biologics. Many studies have generated high affinity TCRs in order to enhance sensitivity. Recent outcomes, however, have suggested that fine manipulation of TCR binding, with an emphasis on specificity may be more valuable than large affinity increments. Structure-guided design is ideally suited for this role, and here we studied the generality of structure-guided design as applied to TCRs. We found that a previous approach, which successfully optimized the binding of a …
Current And Emerging Uses Of Statins In Clinical Therapeutics: A Review, 2016 University of Kentucky
Current And Emerging Uses Of Statins In Clinical Therapeutics: A Review, Jonathan T. Davies, Spencer F. Delfino, Chad E. Feinberg, Meghan F. Johnson, Veronica L. Nappi, Joshua T. Olinger, Anthony P. Schwab, Hollie I. Swanson
Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications
Statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering medications that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, are commonly administered to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Statin use may expand considerably given its potential for treating an array of cholesterol-independent diseases. However, the lack of conclusive evidence supporting these emerging therapeutic uses of statins brings to the fore a number of unanswered questions including uncertainties regarding patient-to-patient variability in response to statins, the most appropriate statin to be used for the desired effect, and the efficacy of statins in treating cholesterol-independent diseases. In this review, the adverse effects, costs, and drug–drug and drug–food interactions associated with statin …
Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) Supplementation And Its Benefits In Cardiovascular Disease, Osteoporosis, And Cancer, 2016 Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine
Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) Supplementation And Its Benefits In Cardiovascular Disease, Osteoporosis, And Cancer, Grant S. Buchanan, Md, Thomas Melvin, Brandon Merritt, Charles Bishop, Md, Franklin D. Shuler, Md, Phd
Franklin D. Shuler
Vitamin K is known to play an essential role in the coagulation cascade; however, a growing body of research has found that a subtype of this vitamin, vitamin K2 (menaquinone) may have a beneficial effect in osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature regarding menaquinone and its role in human health. This review discusses the physiology of menaquinone, its clinical benefits in cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancer, and how it may interact with certain medications. The authors conclude that menaquinone supplementation has been shown to improve carboxylation of …
Malnutrition In The Older Australian Rural Rehabilitation Community : Indentification, Patient Outcomes And The Role Of Informal Caregivers, 2016 Bond University
Malnutrition In The Older Australian Rural Rehabilitation Community : Indentification, Patient Outcomes And The Role Of Informal Caregivers, Skye Marshall
Skye Marshall
Enhancing the effectiveness of nutritional care to improve the overall health of older adults will be key in reducing hospital and aged care facility demand, a priority target of current health service research and policy. Engaging informal caregivers as part of the nutrition care team presents an opportunity for improving the nutrition status of older Australians in rehabilitation and the community. This thesis provides evidence to improve malnutrition screening, assessment, diagnosis and resource allocation in rehabilitation facilities. It also makes recommendations to improve nutrition intervention in practice, and for how intervention studies should be designed in this setting. The thesis …
Process Evaluation Of A Patient-Centred, Patientdirected, Group-Based Education Program For The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 2016 Bond University
Process Evaluation Of A Patient-Centred, Patientdirected, Group-Based Education Program For The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Kate Odgers-Jewell, Elisabeth Isenring, Rae Thomas, Dianne P Reidlinger
Rae Thomas
Aim: The present study developed and evaluated a patient-centred, patient-directed, group-based education program for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Two frameworks, the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions and the RE-AIM framework were followed. Data to develop the intervention were sourced from scoping of the literature and formative evaluation. Program evaluation comprised analysis of primary recruitment of participants through general practitioners, baseline and end-point measures of anthropometry, four validated questionnaires, contemporaneous facilitator notes and telephone interviews with participants. Results: A total of 16 participants enrolled in the intervention. Post-intervention results were obtained …
Process Evaluation Of A Patient-Centred, Patientdirected, Group-Based Education Program For The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 2016 Bond University
Process Evaluation Of A Patient-Centred, Patientdirected, Group-Based Education Program For The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Kate Odgers-Jewell, Elisabeth Isenring, Rae Thomas, Dianne P Reidlinger
Liz Isenring
Aim: The present study developed and evaluated a patient-centred, patient-directed, group-based education program for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Two frameworks, the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions and the RE-AIM framework were followed. Data to develop the intervention were sourced from scoping of the literature and formative evaluation. Program evaluation comprised analysis of primary recruitment of participants through general practitioners, baseline and end-point measures of anthropometry, four validated questionnaires, contemporaneous facilitator notes and telephone interviews with participants. Results: A total of 16 participants enrolled in the intervention. Post-intervention results were obtained …
Tgf-Β Signaling: New Insights Into Aortic Aneurysms, 2016 University of Kentucky
Tgf-Β Signaling: New Insights Into Aortic Aneurysms, Sean E. Thatcher
Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Lifestyle And Other Factors Explain One-Half Of The Variability In The Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response To Cholecalciferol Supplementation In Healthy Adults, 2016 Dartmouth College
Lifestyle And Other Factors Explain One-Half Of The Variability In The Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response To Cholecalciferol Supplementation In Healthy Adults, Judy R. Rees, Leila A. Mott, Elizabeth L. Barry, John A. Baron
Dartmouth Scholarship
Background: Many factors have been associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in observational studies, with variable consistency. However, less information is available on factors affecting the magnitude of changes in serum 25(OH)D resulting from vitamin D supplementation. Objective: This study aimed to identify factors associated with the serum 25(OH)D response to supplementation with 1000 IU cholecalciferol/d during the first year of a large, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled colorectal adenoma chemoprevention trial. Methods: Eligible older adults who were not vitamin D–deficient [serum 25(OH)D12 ng/mL] were randomly assigned in a modified 2 3 2 factorial design to 1 of 4 groups: daily …
Structural Diversity In The Type Iv Pili Of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter, 2016 Institute of Human Virology and Departments of Medicine
Structural Diversity In The Type Iv Pili Of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter, Kurt H. Piepenbrink, Erik Lillehoj, Christian M. Harding, Jason W. Labonte, Xiaotong Zuo, Chelsea A. Rapp, Robert S. Munson Jr, Simeon E. Goldblum, Mario F. Feldman, Jeffrey J. Gray, Eric J. Sundberg
Food for Health: Publications
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus found primarily in hospital settings that has recently emerged as a source of hospital-acquired infections. A. baumannii expresses a variety of virulence factors, including type IV pili, bacterial extracellular appendages often essential for attachment to host cells. Here, we report the high resolution structures of the major pilin subunit, PilA, from three Acinetobacter strains, demonstrating thatA. baumannii subsets produce morphologically distinct type IV pilin glycoproteins. We examine the consequences of this heterogeneity for protein folding and assembly as well as host-cell adhesion by Acinetobacter. Comparisons of genomic and structural data with pilin proteins from …
The Neu1-Selective Sialidase Inhibitor, C9- Butyl-Amide-Dana, Blocks Sialidase Activity And Neu1-Mediated Bioactivities In Human Lung In Vitro And Murine Lung In Vivo, 2016 Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center
The Neu1-Selective Sialidase Inhibitor, C9- Butyl-Amide-Dana, Blocks Sialidase Activity And Neu1-Mediated Bioactivities In Human Lung In Vitro And Murine Lung In Vivo, Sang W. Hyun, Anguo Liu, Zhenguo Liu, Alan S. Cross, Avelino C. Verceles, Sadagopan Magesh, Yadagiri Kommagalla, Chandrababunaidu Kona, Hiromune Ando, Irina G. Luzina, Sergei P. Atamas, Kurt H. Piepenbrink, Eric J. Sundberg, Wei Guang, Hideharu Ishida, Erik P. Lillehoj, Simeon E. Goldblum
Food for Health: Publications
Neuraminidase-1 (NEU1) is the predominant sialidase expressed in human airway epithelia and lung microvascular endothelia where it mediates multiple biological processes. We tested whether the NEU1-selective sialidase inhibitor, C9-butyl-amide-2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-Nacetylneuraminic acid (C9-BA-DANA), inhibits one or more established NEU1-mediated bioactivities in human lung cells. We established the IC50 values of C9-BA-DANA for total sialidase activity in human airway epithelia, lung microvascular endothelia and lung fibroblasts to be 3.74 µM, 13.0 µM and 4.82 µM, respectively. In human airway epithelia, C9-BA-DANA dose-dependently inhibited flagellin-induced, NEU1-mediated mucin-1 ectodomain desialylation, adhesiveness for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and shedding. In lung microvascular endothelia, C9-BA-DANA reversed NEU1-driven restraint of …
Benefits Of A Flexitarian Diet: Educating College Students Of Lifestyle Approaches To Reduce The Risk Of Developing Breast And Prostate Cancer, 2016 Western Kentucky University
Benefits Of A Flexitarian Diet: Educating College Students Of Lifestyle Approaches To Reduce The Risk Of Developing Breast And Prostate Cancer, Abbigail Pace
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Practicing the Flexitarian diet, a plant-based diet, in conjunction with physical activity can promote a lifestyle consistent with the American Cancer Society’s recommendations for reducing risks of breast and prostate cancer (American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention, 2015) College students were assessed on knowledge of the relationship between diet and cancer risk prior to and after accessing information on the American Institute of Cancer Research site or the WKU Flexitarian Pinterest Page. Participants were recruited from the National Panhellenic and Interfraternity Council memberships and the International students at Western Kentucky University. Participants completed a …
The Nutrition And Food-Related Roles, Experiences And Support Needs Of Female Family Carers Of Malnourished Older Rehabilitation Patients, 2016 Bond University
The Nutrition And Food-Related Roles, Experiences And Support Needs Of Female Family Carers Of Malnourished Older Rehabilitation Patients, Skye Marshall, Dianne P. Reidlinger, Adrienne Young, Elizabeth Isenring
Liz Isenring
BACKGROUND: To improve perceived value of nutrition support and patient outcomes, the present study aimed to determine the nutrition and food-related roles, experiences and support needs of female family carers of community-dwelling malnourished older adults admitted to rehabilitation units in rural New South Wales, Australia, both during admission and following discharge. METHODS: Four female family carers of malnourished rehabilitation patients aged ≥65 years were interviewed during their care-recipients' rehabilitation admission and again at 2 weeks post-discharge. The semi-structured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed reflecting an interpretative phenomenological approach by three researchers. A series of 'drivers' relevant to the research …
The Nutrition And Food-Related Roles, Experiences And Support Needs Of Female Family Carers Of Malnourished Older Rehabilitation Patients, 2016 Bond University
The Nutrition And Food-Related Roles, Experiences And Support Needs Of Female Family Carers Of Malnourished Older Rehabilitation Patients, Skye Marshall, Dianne P. Reidlinger, Adrienne Young, Elizabeth Isenring
Skye Marshall
BACKGROUND: To improve perceived value of nutrition support and patient outcomes, the present study aimed to determine the nutrition and food-related roles, experiences and support needs of female family carers of community-dwelling malnourished older adults admitted to rehabilitation units in rural New South Wales, Australia, both during admission and following discharge. METHODS: Four female family carers of malnourished rehabilitation patients aged ≥65 years were interviewed during their care-recipients' rehabilitation admission and again at 2 weeks post-discharge. The semi-structured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed reflecting an interpretative phenomenological approach by three researchers. A series of 'drivers' relevant to the research …
Binge Ethanol Exposure Causes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress And Tissue Injury In The Pancreas, 2016 University of Kentucky
Binge Ethanol Exposure Causes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress And Tissue Injury In The Pancreas, Zhenhua Ren, Xin Wang, Mei Xu, Fanmuyi Yang, Jacqueline A. Frank, Zun-Ji Ke, Jia Luo
Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications
Alcohol abuse is associated with both acute and chronic pancreatitis. Repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis or pancreatic injury may result in chronic pancreatitis. We investigated ethanol-induced pancreatic injury using a mouse model of binge ethanol exposure. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ethanol intragastrically (5 g/kg, 25% ethanol w/v) daily for 10 days. Binge ethanol exposure caused pathological changes in pancreas demonstrated by tissue edema, acinar atrophy and moderate fibrosis. Ethanol caused both apoptotic and necrotic cell death which was demonstrated by the increase in active caspase-3, caspase-8, cleaved PARP, cleaved CK-18 and the secretion of high mobility group protein …
Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) Supplementation And Its Benefits In Cardiovascular Disease, Osteoporosis, And Cancer, 2016 Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine
Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) Supplementation And Its Benefits In Cardiovascular Disease, Osteoporosis, And Cancer, Grant S. Buchanan, Md, Thomas Melvin, Brandon Merritt, Charles Bishop, Md, Franklin D. Shuler, Md, Phd
Marshall Journal of Medicine
Vitamin K is known to play an essential role in the coagulation cascade; however, a growing body of research has found that a subtype of this vitamin, vitamin K2 (menaquinone) may have a beneficial effect in osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature regarding menaquinone and its role in human health. This review discusses the physiology of menaquinone, its clinical benefits in cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancer, and how it may interact with certain medications. The authors conclude that menaquinone supplementation has been shown to improve carboxylation …