Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorders In An Antiretroviral Therapy Era, 2014 Thomas Jefferson University
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorders In An Antiretroviral Therapy Era, Molly Halloran, David S. Strayer, Md, Phd
Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium
HIV emerged as a major threat to world health over 30 years ago, and while its effects on the immune system are widely known, HIV also has broad and devastating effects on the nervous system. Despite our potent antiretroviral therapies (ART), these HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to afflict HIV infected individuals. With over 33 million people infected worldwide and evidence that neurological damage can accrue in virologically well controlled individuals, HAND is a pressing challenge. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered about this spectrum of disorders.
Her-2 Heterogeneity In Breast Cancer: A Case Study, 2014 Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
Her-2 Heterogeneity In Breast Cancer: A Case Study, Kinnari Patel, Theodore Parsons
Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium
CASE
The patient is a 75 year-old female with a history of stage 1 invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast measuring 1.2 cm. Core biopsy of the mass demonstrated Nottingham grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma; ER negative, PR negative, HER-2 negative (1+). The patient underwent mastectomy in April 2013. Mastectomy confirmed Nottingham grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma pT1c/pN0/pMX with peritumoral lymphovascular invasion and invasive tumor less than 1 mm from the superoanterior margin. Due to comorbidities the patient was not considered a candidate for adjuvant chemotherapy.
In January 2014 the patient presented with a mastectomy site recurrence. Needle core …
Plasmapheresis And Hiv-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy: An Institutional Review, 2014 Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
Plasmapheresis And Hiv-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy: An Institutional Review, Megan Fisher, Ms2, Nancy Edger Hall, Rn, Mba, Jennifer Webb, Md, Julie Karp, Md
Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a systemic disorder that classically results from a deficiency in the von Willebrand factor-cleaving enzyme, ADAMTS13. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a secondary cause of TTP. It has been recognized that some patients with HIV-associated TTP do not have a deficiency in ADAMTS13 activity. The role of plasmapheresis (PLEX) in these patients is unclear. This study reviewed 8 cases of HIV-associated TTP at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. All patients responded to treatment; however, we were unable to make any conclusions regarding the use of PLEX in patients with normal ADAMTS13 activity. HAART initiation is …
Molecular Profiling Of Patients With Non Small Cell Lung Cancer At Jefferson University Hospital, 2014 Thomas Jefferson University
Molecular Profiling Of Patients With Non Small Cell Lung Cancer At Jefferson University Hospital, Erin Bange, Renu Bajaj, Ms, Phd, Cg (Ascp), Cm, Facmg
Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium
Companion diagnostics is the use of specific tests whose results are linked to a particular drug. It allows clinicians the ability to better target the mechanism of pathology in the patient and follow it up with a therapy specifically designed to treat the disease process at hand. This approach to medicine has particularly been championed in the field of oncology with the development of such drugs as Zelboraf for the treatment of metastatic melanoma with the BRAFV600 mutation or Xalkori for late stage lung cancer expressing an abnormal ALK protein. In the case of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Jefferson …
Personalized Immune Therapy For Cancer A Potential Game-Changing Treatment, 2014 Thomas Jefferson University
Personalized Immune Therapy For Cancer A Potential Game-Changing Treatment, Emily Evron, Emanual Rubin, Md
Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium
T-CELL RECEPTOR, NORMALLY
T-cell receptors reside on the surface of T-cells, and recognize a specific antigen presented by an MHC molecule
Next, the T-cells become either CD4 or CD8 cells
Co-stimulation is a key step in activating the T-cell; B7 proteins on the surface of antigen-presenting cells interact with CD28/CTLA-4 receptors on the T-cell.
Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Arising From Age-Related Ebv-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorder (Ar-Ebvlpd), 2014 Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Arising From Age-Related Ebv-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorder (Ar-Ebvlpd), Alaina Chodoff, Msii, Guldeep Uppal, Md, Jerald Z. Gong, Md
Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium
In the setting of underlying immune suppression, Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) is a well-recognized oncogenic agent that induces the malignant proliferation of B-cells. EBV-lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) have recently been linked to immunosenescence. We present a unique case of Age-Related EBV-Lymphoproliferative Disorder (AR-EBVLPD) in a 70 year old female that deviates from the characteristic progression of this disease. Over the course of 18 months, the patient’s clinical condition worsened without a definitive diagnosis to explain the severe, atypical widespread chronic inflammation spanning her gastrointestinal tract, from esophagus to small bowel. The diagnosis of AR-EBVLPD, polymorphic extranodal subtype, was delayed until the …
Giant Cell Tumor Of Soft Tissue: A Case Study, 2014 Thomas Jefferson University
Giant Cell Tumor Of Soft Tissue: A Case Study, Rachel Schneider, Brian J. O'Hara
Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium
BACKGROUND
Giant cell tumors of soft tissue are relatively uncommon tumors. They are considered to be the soft tissue counterpart to giant cell tumors of bone. Both tumors consist of multi-nucleated giant cells evenly distributed throughout a background of epithelioid mononuclear cells, and are usually benign, but can be locally invasive. Giant cell tumors of soft tissue typically occur in patients over age 40, and show no gender or racial predilection. They present as firm, well demarcated masses, which are not connected to the underlying muscle, tendon, or bone. Giant cell tumors of soft tissue are generally small, and tend …
Fibrosing Cholestatic Hepatitis C Post-Liver Transplantation: A Case Study, 2014 Thomas Jefferson University
Fibrosing Cholestatic Hepatitis C Post-Liver Transplantation: A Case Study, Layla Hatem, Wei Jiang, Md, Phd
Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium
Introduction:
Liver Transplantation:
- Hepatitis C infection is the most common indication for liver transplantation in the US
- HCV infection of the liver allograft occurs within hours from circulating virions.
-Serum RNA levels are observed in the first several weeks.
-Acute hepatitis occurs in 2-6 months
-Chronic hepatitis occurs in 3-9 months
***Persistence of HCV infection is the rule after transplantation due to immune suppression
Chronic recurrent HCV infection post transplantation
- There are four distinct patterns of recurrent chronic HCV in the liver allograft.
-Usual chronic HCV (>70%)
-Fibrosing Cholestatic Hepatitis C (5-10%)
-Plasma cell-rich HCV
-HCV overlapping with rejection …
Small Cell Carcinoma Of The Breast, 2014 Thomas Jefferson University
Small Cell Carcinoma Of The Breast, Victor Carlson, Paolo Cotzia, Md, Juan P. Palazzo, Md
Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium
INTRODUCTION
Small cell carcinoma of the breast (SCCB) is a rare, highly aggressive neoplasm first reported in 1983. With striking histologic similarity to small cell carcinoma of the lung, it is comprised of small cells with relatively large, hyperchromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. While capable of hormone secretion, this is a rare occurrence in this variant of small cell carcinoma. Patients typically present with a suspicious breast mass confirmed on imaging, with variable lymph node invasion.
Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Rationale, Development, And Jefferson’S Method, 2014 Thomas Jefferson University
Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Rationale, Development, And Jefferson’S Method, Susan Mcilvaine, Dolores Grosso, Rn, Crnp, Dnp, Beth Colombe
Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium
INTRODUCTION
There are many indications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition to hematologic malignancies, transplants are performed in certain non-hematologic malignancies, for marrow disorders such as Sickle Cell Anemia, and for various inherited disorders such as SCID. Traditionally, transplants have been performed between donors and recipients that are a complete HLA match (typically matched siblings). That is, patients have identical HLA alleles on both copies of chromosome 6. HLA alleles code for major histocompatibility complex molecules, which are the proteins that cause transplant rejection when a mismatch between donor and recipient is present. Thus, matched transplants have been historically …
Small Cell Carcinoma Of The Bladder: A Rare Entity, 2014 Thomas Jefferson University
Small Cell Carcinoma Of The Bladder: A Rare Entity, Andrew H. Matthews, Ruth Birbe, Md
Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium
BACKGROUND
Primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare tumor, accounting for less than 1% of the annual 70,000 cases of urinary bladder cancer.1 Accordingly, little data is available beyond case series to guide diagnosis or treatment. Overall prognosis remains poor with five year survival often markedly below 50%. Current staging and treatment remains largely based on extrapolation from small cell carcinoma of the lung. We review two recent cases of bladder small cell carcinoma with a focus on comparing and contrasting with lung small carcinoma.
"What Happens In Romania..." Comes Back To The United States And Becomes A Quilt, 2014 University of South Carolina - Columbia
"What Happens In Romania..." Comes Back To The United States And Becomes A Quilt, Ashley Ehlers, Kaitlyn Torres
Senior Theses
Our senior thesis project is a quilt that chronicles our experiences on the Maymester trip to Romania through the Honors College, during which we were able to shadow surgeons in the Oncology Hospital and General Surgery III Hospital in Cluj-Napoca. In our quilt, we included some of the most common surgeries we saw while shadowing Romanian doctors: breast removal, gall bladder removal, appendix removal, removal of a section of the large intestine, and removal of the uterus. The final product of this quilt shows every level of the abdominal muscles and organs from the anterior skin to the kidneys.
To …
Bcl2 Expression And Bcl2/Myc Dual Expression Predicts Inferior Survival In Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma, 2014 Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University
Bcl2 Expression And Bcl2/Myc Dual Expression Predicts Inferior Survival In Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma, Guldeep Uppal, Md, Zi-Xuan (Zoe) Wang, Phd, Renu Bajaj, Phd, Mark T. Curtis, Md, Phd, Charalambos C. Solomides, Md, Jon Glass, Md, Peter M. Banks, Stephen C. Peiper, Md, Jerald Z. Gong, Md
Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Resident's Posters
Background
Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) arising from and usually confined to CNS. Understating of the pathogenesis and prognostic markers is a challenge due to rarity of this neoplasm and paucity of the material available to study. Recent studies have shown that dual expression of MYC and BCL2 in DLBCL contributes to inferior overall survival. The prognostic value of MYC and BCL2 in PCNSL is not well studied.
Inputs Drive Cell Phenotype Variability., 2014 University of Delaware
Inputs Drive Cell Phenotype Variability., James Park, Anthony Brureau, Kate Kernan, Alexandria Starks, Sonali Gulati, Babatunde Ogunnaike, James S. Schwaber, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers
What is the significance of the extensive variability observed in individual members of a single-cell phenotype? This question is particularly relevant to the highly differentiated organization of the brain. In this study, for the first time, we analyze the in vivo variability within a neuronal phenotype in terms of input type. We developed a large-scale gene-expression data set from several hundred single brainstem neurons selected on the basis of their specific synaptic input types. The results show a surprising organizational structure in which neuronal variability aligned with input type along a continuum of sub-phenotypes and corresponding gene regulatory modules. Correlations …
Emergence Of Bimodal Cell Population Responses From The Interplay Between Analog Single-Cell Signaling And Protein Expression Noise., 2014 Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York
Emergence Of Bimodal Cell Population Responses From The Interplay Between Analog Single-Cell Signaling And Protein Expression Noise., Marc R Birtwistle, Jens Rauch, Anatoly Kiyatkin, Edita Aksamitiene, Maciej Dobrzyński, Jan Hoek, Walter Kolch, Babatunde A Ogunnaike, Boris N Kholodenko
Anatoly Kiyatkin
BACKGROUND: Cell-to-cell variability in protein expression can be large, and its propagation through signaling networks affects biological outcomes. Here, we apply deterministic and probabilistic models and biochemical measurements to study how network topologies and cell-to-cell protein abundance variations interact to shape signaling responses. RESULTS: We observe bimodal distributions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) responses to epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, which are generally thought to indicate bistable or ultrasensitive signaling behavior in single cells. Surprisingly, we find that a simple MAPK/ERK-cascade model with negative feedback that displays graded, analog ERK responses at a single cell level can explain the experimentally …
Chronic Arsenic Exposure And Angiogenesis In Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Via The Ros/Mir-199a-5p/Hif-1Α/Cox-2 Pathway., 2014 Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
Chronic Arsenic Exposure And Angiogenesis In Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Via The Ros/Mir-199a-5p/Hif-1Α/Cox-2 Pathway., Jun He, Min Wang, Yue Jiang, Qiudan Chen, Shaohua Xu, Qing Xu, Bing-Hua Jiang, Ling-Zhi Liu
Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers
Background: Environmental and occupational exposure to arsenic is a major public health concern. Although it has been identified as a human carcinogen, the molecular mechanism underlying the arsenic-induced carcinogenesis is not well understood.Objectives: We aimed to determine the role and mechanisms of miRNAs in arsenic-induced tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth.Methods: We utilized an in vitro model in which human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells were transformed through long-term exposure to arsenic. A human xenograft tumor model was established to assess tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. Tube formation assay and chorioallantoic membranes assay were used to assess tumor angiogenesis.Results: We …
A New Rhesus Macaque Assembly And Annotation For Next-Generation Sequencing Analyses, 2014 University of Maryland at College Park
A New Rhesus Macaque Assembly And Annotation For Next-Generation Sequencing Analyses, Aleksey V. Zimin, Adam S. Cornish, Mnirnal D. Maudhoo, Robert M. Gibbs, Xiongfei Zhang, Sanjit Pandey, Daniel T. Meehan, Kristin Wipfler, Steven E. Bosinger, Zachary P. Johnson, Gregory K. Tharp, Guillaume Marçais, Michael Roberts, Betsy Ferguson, Howard S. Fox, Todd Treangen, Steven L. Salzberg, James A. Yorke, Robert B. Norgren Jr.
Journal Articles: Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy
BACKGROUND: The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is a key species for advancing biomedical research. Like all draft mammalian genomes, the draft rhesus assembly (rheMac2) has gaps, sequencing errors and misassemblies that have prevented automated annotation pipelines from functioning correctly. Another rhesus macaque assembly, CR_1.0, is also available but is substantially more fragmented than rheMac2 with smaller contigs and scaffolds. Annotations for these two assemblies are limited in completeness and accuracy. High quality assembly and annotation files are required for a wide range of studies including expression, genetic and evolutionary analyses.
RESULTS: We report a new de novo assembly of the …
Computational Analysis Of Transcriptional Circuitries In Human Embryonic Stem Cells Reveals Multiple And Independent Networks, 2014 University of Nebraska Medical Center
Computational Analysis Of Transcriptional Circuitries In Human Embryonic Stem Cells Reveals Multiple And Independent Networks, Xiaosheng Wang, Chittibabu Guda
Journal Articles: Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy
It has been known that three core transcription factors (TFs), NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2, collaborate to form a transcriptional circuitry to regulate pluripotency and self-renewal of human embryonic stem (ES) cells. Similarly, MYC also plays an important role in regulating pluripotency and self-renewal of human ES cells. However, the precise mechanism by which the transcriptional regulatory networks control the activity of ES cells remains unclear. In this study, we reanalyzed an extended core network, which includes the set of genes that are cobound by the three core TFs and additional TFs that also bind to these cobound genes. Our results …
Heterogeneity Of Functional Properties Of Clone 66 Murine Breast Cancer Cells Expressing Various Stem Cell Phenotypes, 2013 University of Nebraska Medical Center
Heterogeneity Of Functional Properties Of Clone 66 Murine Breast Cancer Cells Expressing Various Stem Cell Phenotypes, Partha Mukhopadhyay, Tracy Farrell, Gayatri Sharma, Timothy R. Mcguire, Barbara O'Kane, J. Graham Sharp
Journal Articles: Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy
INTRODUCTION:
Breast cancer grows, metastasizes and relapses from rare, therapy resistant cells with a stem cell phenotype (cancer stem cells/CSCs). However, there is a lack of studies comparing the functions of CSCs isolated using different phenotypes in order to determine if CSCs are homogeneous or heterogeneous.
METHODS:
Cells with various stem cell phenotypes were isolated by sorting from Clone 66 murine breast cancer cells that grow orthotopically in immune intact syngeneic mice. These populations were compared by in vitro functional assays for proliferation, growth, sphere and colony formation; and in vivo limiting dilution analysis of tumorigenesis.
RESULTS:
The proportion of …
The Genome Of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils Maintains Normal Coding Sequences, 2013 University of Nebraska Medical Center
The Genome Of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils Maintains Normal Coding Sequences, Fengxia Xiao, Yeong C. Kim, Hongxiu Wen, Jiangtao Luo, Pei Xian Chen, Kenneth Cowan, San Ming Wang
Journal Articles: Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy
Genetic studies often use genomic DNA from whole blood cells, of which the majority are the polymorphonuclear myeloid cells. Those cells undergo dramatic change of nuclear morphology following cellular differentiation. It remains elusive if the nuclear morphological change accompanies sequence alternations from the intact genome. If such event exists, it will cause a serious problem in using such type of genomic DNA for genetic study as the sequences will not represent the intact genome in the host individuals. Using exome sequencing, we compared the coding regions between neutrophil, which is the major type of polymorphonuclear cells, and CD4+ T cell, …