Chemicals and Drugs Commons^™

The Effect Of Fatty Acid Synthase (Fasn) Depletion In Pulmonary Metastatic Formation In Breast Cancer Murine Models, Zilin Xianyu

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Gutka Consumption And Dietary Partialities Explaining Anemia In Women Of A Coastal Slum Of Karachi, Pakistan: A Mixed-Method Study, Ameer Muhammad, Sarah Saleem, Daniyaal Ahmad, Eleze Tariq, Yasir Shafiq

Community Health Sciences

Background: Limited literature is available on the dietary pattern and its consequences on health of women living in coastal slums of Karachi, Pakistan.
Material and methods: The study employed a mixed-method approach where concurrent quantitative and qualitative assessments were carried out. An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect information on demographic, household, obstetrics characteristics, and dietary pattern of married women of reproductive age (MWRA). Blood samples were collected to identify the hemoglobin level to determine anemia. For the qualitative component, focus group discussions were carried out with women and in-depth interviews with shopkeepers to understand the availability of food …

Naloxone Administration And Relationship To Opioid Overdose Outcomes, Devon Kane, Allison Mendonca, Leah Wald

Non-Thesis Student Work

This study aimed to look at naloxone administration in opioid overdose patients age 18-35 and its effect on patient outcomes in healthcare settings. From 1999 to 2018, deaths due to opioid overdoses experienced a six-fold increase in the United States. Naloxone is now being used in over 1% of all emergency medical service (EMS) encounters nationwide and EMS use is associated with subsequent overdose due to not receiving the community resources from the local emergency department (ED). Databases used were Umaine One Search, Nursing Reference Center Plus, and Cinahl Full Text Search. Search terms and phrases included, “naloxone availability,” “narcan,” …

Identification And Characterization Of Epicuticular Proteins Of Nematodes Sharing Motifs With Cuticular Proteins Of Arthropods, Bruno Betschart, Marco Bisoffi, Ferial Alaeddine

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Specific collagens and insoluble proteins called cuticlins are major constituents of the nematode cuticles. The epicuticle, which forms the outermost electron-dense layer of the cuticle, is composed of another category of insoluble proteins called epicuticlins. It is distinct from the insoluble cuticlins localized in the cortical layer and the fibrous ribbon underneath lateral alae. Our objective was to identify and characterize genes and their encoded proteins forming the epicuticle. The combination between previously obtained laboratory results and recently made available data through the whole-genome shotgun contigs (WGS) and the transcriptome Shotgun Assembly (TSA) sequencing projects of Ascaris suum allowed us …

Biomedical Applications Of Protein Films And Polymeric Nanomaterials, Sanjana Gopalakrishnan

Doctoral Dissertations

Biomaterials are widely applied for the diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases. In addition to fulfilling specific biological functions, biomaterials must also be non-toxic, biocompatible, and sterilizable to be regarded as safe-for-use. Polymers are excellent candidates for fabricating functional biomaterials due to their wide availability and varied properties and may be natural or synthetic. Polymer precursors are fabricated into coatings, foams, scaffolds, gels, composites, and nanomaterials for several biomedical applications. This dissertation focuses on two types of polymeric biomaterials – protein-based materials and synthetic polymeric nanoparticles. Proteins are biopolymers that naturally occur with a variety of structural and functional properties. …

Innovative Therapeutic Approach To Chemical Burns Produced By Vesicants; An Experimental Study, Cristina Anca Secara, Otilia Liudmila Cinteza, Diana Popescu, Claudia Valentina Popa, Camelia Andreea Hirjeu, Oana Cristina Voinea, Luiza Georgia Serbanescu, Andreea Marilena Pauna, Mihail Tudosie

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Vesicants are compounds that cause severe toxic effects on various tissues. Such chemical action causes tissue necrosis, with clinical expression of skin lesions with a burning character and characteristic blisters. Clinical toxic effects of cutaneous vesicles are correlated with the absorbed dose and exposure time. The goals of the study are to evaluate in vitro the skin toxicity produced by the vesicant chemical compound 2-chloroethyl-ethyl sulfide (CEES), to develop a complex antidote formula, and to optimize the therapeutic efficacy by inclusion in controlled release systems. The experimental protocol aims at the in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the vesicant …

A Machine Learning Model Of Response To Hypomethylating Agents In Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Nathan Radakovich, David A. Sallman, Rena Buckstein, Andrew Brunner, Amy Dezern, Sudipto Mukerjee, Rami Komrokji, Najla Al-Ali, Jacob Shreve, Yazan Rouphail, Anne Parmentier, Alexandre Mamedov, Mohammed Siddiqui, Yihong Guan, Teodora Kuzmanovic, Metis Hasipek, Babal Jha, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Aziz Nazha

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Hypomethylating agents (HMA) prolong survival and improve cytopenias in individuals with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Only 30-40% of patients, however, respond to HMAs, and responses may not occur for more than 6 months after HMA initiation. We developed a model to more rapidly assess HMA response by analyzing early changes in patients’ blood counts. Three institutions’ data were used to develop a model that assessed patients’ response to therapy 90 days after the initiation using serial blood counts. The model was developed with a training cohort of 424 patients from2 institutions and validated on an independent cohort of 90 patients. …

Seasonal Affective Disorder Treatment: Light Therapy Versus Ssri Therapy, Gabriella M. Hinde, Hannah Dyer, Ash Werner, Michaela Cisowski

Non-Thesis Student Work

To determine the effect of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for seasonal depression in college students, we asked the following evidence-based PICO question: In college students (ages 18-25) with seasonal affective disorder (SAD), how does SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) therapy compared to light therapy affect seasonal depression syndrome? Seasonal affective disorder is synonymously used with the terminology seasonal depression due to the clinical manifestations that encompass depression, such as low energy, feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness. SAD begins in the fall months and peaks in the winter months due to a decrease in Vitamin D and ultraviolet (UV) ray …

Fighting Heroin Abuse With Heroin: How Legalizing Prescription Heroin Has Changed The Way New Generations Use Drugs, Claire Ridley

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In the 1980s, Switzerland was embroiled in two simultaneous crises: widespread heroin use and spreading HIV/AIDS. Zurich became the capital of heroin consumption, with groups gathering in public parks and sharing needles to inject heroin. In response to these crises, several Swiss cities started conducting randomized control trials where they offered prescription heroin to help people addicted to heroin consume the drug safely and eventually recover from their addiction. As these trials reported positive results of maintaining better health outcomes for those undergoing treatment, the Swiss people supported federally legalizing heroin-assisted treatment and expanding access to harm reduction services in …

September / October 2022, Randy Curry, Cindy Brooks

RURAL ROCKS

PLS presents the 7^th Annual Substance Use Disorder Seminar with Dr. Jake Nichols.

Developing An Alcohol And Other Drug Serious Game For Adolescents: Considerations For Improving Student Engagement, Joanna Nicholas, Brennen Mills, Sara Hansen, Stephen J. Bright, Heather Boyd, Luke Brook, Jess Watson, Luke Hopper

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: To explore perceptions of alcohol and other drug (AOD) education and digital game design preferences among Australian adolescents with the goal of identifying key factors to promote engagement in an AOD serious game for Australian secondary school students. Methods: Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with 36 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Participants described heightened engagement with AOD education that incorporated relatable and relevant real-life stories and interactive discussions. They also expressed a desire for learning to focus on practical strategies to reduce AOD harm and overcome social pressure to …

Detailing The Effects Of Cbd On Parp And Survivin Expression In Ewing Sarcoma, Tyler Carter

Theses

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive pediatric bone cancer with low five-year survival rates, particularly with recurrent disease because ES often becomes resistant to chemotherapy in these recurrences. Cannabidiol (CBD) has been identified as a potentially promising therapeutic for patients with ES. In other cancer types, CBD has demonstrated effects on two major proteins that contribute to chemotherapy resistance. The first, Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase I (PARP1), is a DNA damage repair enzyme that is overexpressed in recurrent ES. Though chemotherapy induces DNA damage in these cancer cells, the high levels of PARP1 facilitate repair of the DNA, allowing the mutated …

State Trends Of Cannabis Liberalization As A Causal Driver Of Increasing Testicular Cancer Rates Across The Usa, Albert Stuart Reece, Gary Kenneth Hulse

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

The cause of the worldwide doubling-tripling of testicular cancer rates (TCRs) in recent decades is unknown. Previous cohort studies associated cannabis use with TCR including dose–response relationships but the contribution of cannabis to TCRs at the population level is unknown. This relationship was tested by analyzing annual trends across US states and formally assessed causality. Four US datasets were linked at state level: age-adjusted TCRs from Centers for Disease Control Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database; drug use data from annual National Survey of Drug Use and Health including 74.1 % response rate; ethnicity and median household income data …

Pharmacists’ Response To The Opioid Crisis: A California Naloxone Survey, Jerika T. Lam, Moom Roosan, Mary A. Gutierrez, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

This study aimed to assess pharmacists’ response to the current opioid crisis in California, particularly regarding the prevalence of naloxone furnishing (or dispensing without a prescription) and prescriptions for medication-assisted treatment (MAT) drugs for opioid use disorder (OUD) to patients and consumers.

The Effects Of Cannabidiol On Aqueous Humor Outflow And Trabecular Meshwork Cell Signaling, Alyssa S. Aebersold, Zhao-Hui Song

Faculty Scholarship

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is regulated primarily through aqueous humor production by ciliary body and drainage through uveoscleral and trabecular meshwork (TM) tissues. The goal of this study was to measure the effect of non-psychotropic cannabidiol (CBD) on aqueous humor outflow through TM and assess the effect of CBD on the TM cell signaling pathways that are important for regulating outflow. Perfused porcine eye anterior segment explants were used to investigate the effects of CBD on aqueous humor outflow. Cultured porcine TM cells were used to study the effects of CBD on TM cell contractility, myosin light chain (MLC) and myosin …

Interpretable Machine Learning Models For Molecular Design Of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Using Variational Autoencoders And Perturbation-Based Approach Of Chemical Space Exploration, Keerthi Krishnan, Ryan Kassab, Steve Agajanian, Gennady M. Verkhivker

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

In the current study, we introduce an integrative machine learning strategy for the autonomous molecular design of protein kinase inhibitors using variational autoencoders and a novel cluster-based perturbation approach for exploration of the chemical latent space. The proposed strategy combines autoencoder-based embedding of small molecules with a cluster-based perturbation approach for efficient navigation of the latent space and a feature-based kinase inhibition likelihood classifier that guides optimization of the molecular properties and targeted molecular design. In the proposed generative approach, molecules sharing similar structures tend to cluster in the latent space, and interpolating between two molecules in the latent space …

The Downward Spiral, Jeremy Greenwood, Nezih Guner, Karen A. Kopecky

Population Center Working Papers (PSC/PARC)

There have been more than 500,000 opioid overdose deaths since 2000. To analyze the opioid epidemic, a model is constructed where individuals, with and without pain, choose whether to misuse opioids knowing the probabilities of addiction and dying. These odds are functions of opioid use. Markov chains are estimated from the US data for the college and non-college educated that summarize the transitions into and out of opioid addiction as well as to a deadly overdose. A structural model is constructed that matches the estimated Markov chains. The epidemic's drivers, and the impact of medical interventions, are examined.

Research Progress Of Panax Notoginseng In The Diagnosis Of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shuli Lu, Yan Feng, Jie Gao, Xianggong Jiin, Yixin Wang, Keji Chen

General Practice in China

As a traditional Chinese medicine,Panax notoginseng has a significant effect in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases due to its effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.With the improvement of modern extraction technology,Panax notoginseng extract greatly improves its efficacy.In this paper,the mechanism of action,clinical effect and possible adverse reactions of Panax notoginseng extract(the main component of Panax notoginseng saponins,PNS)in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases(coronary heart disease,hypertension,heart failure,arrhythmia)at home and abroad in recent years were sorted out,and the relevant literature was analyzed,summarized and summarized.It is concluded that PNS and its effective components have definite curative effect on cardiovascular disease,especially in …

Efficacy Of Chinese Medicine Therapies On Insomnia Associated With Coronary Heart Disease：A Network Meta-Analysis, Yawei Zheng, Lifei Wu, Xingxing Zhang, Dongmei Gu, Siqi Zhang, Ming Liu, Zhuyuan Fang

General Practice in China

BackgroundCoronary heart disease（CHD） with insomnia can be called a "psycho-cardiological disease", and the persistent existence of insomnia can induce the onset of CHD or aggravate the development of the condition. In recent years, there have been continuous reports on TCM treatment of CHD with insomnia, but the sample size is small and the relevant evidence-based evaluation is insufficient. ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of Chinese medicine therapies and sedative hypnotic drugs on insomnia associated with CHD. MethodsDatabases including CNKI, CBM, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBase and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to September …

Novel Designer Benzodiazepines: Comprehensive Review Of Evolving Clinical And Adverse Effects., Amber N. Edinoff, Catherine A. Nix, Amira S. Odisho, Caroline P. Babin, Alyssa G. Derouen, Salim C. Lutfallah, Elyse M. Cornett, Kevin S. Murnane, Adam M. Kaye, Alan David Kaye

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

As tranquilizers, benzodiazepines have a wide range of clinical uses. Recently, there has been a significant rise in the number of novel psychoactive substances, including designer benzodiazepines. Flubromazolam(8-bromo-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4