Early Uneven Ear Input Induces Long-Lasting Differences In Left-Right Motor Function, 2018 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
Early Uneven Ear Input Induces Long-Lasting Differences In Left-Right Motor Function, Michelle W. Antoine, Xiaoxia Zhu, Marianne Dieterich, Thomas Brandt, Sarath Vijayakumar, Nicholas Mckeehan, Joseph C. Arezzo, R. Suzanne Zukin, David A. Borkholder, Sherri M. Jones, Robert D. Frisina, Jean M. Hébert
Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders: Faculty Publications
How asymmetries in motor behavior become established normally or atypically in mammals remains unclear. An established model for motor asymmetry that is conserved across mammals can be obtained by experimentally inducing asymmetric striatal dopamine activity. However, the factors that can cause motor asymmetries in the absence of experimental manipulations to the brain remain unknown. Here, we show that mice with inner ear dysfunction display a robust left or right rotational preference, and this motor preference reflects an atypical asymmetry in cortico-striatal neurotransmission. By unilaterally targeting striatal activity with an antagonist of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a downstream integrator of striatal …
Water Transport In The Lateral Line Canal Of The Intertidal Fish Xiphister Mucosus (Girard 1858) And Its Significance To Evaporative Water With Preliminary Observations Of The Metabolic Consequences Of Water Loss, 2018 Portland State University
Water Transport In The Lateral Line Canal Of The Intertidal Fish Xiphister Mucosus (Girard 1858) And Its Significance To Evaporative Water With Preliminary Observations Of The Metabolic Consequences Of Water Loss, Whitney Anne Gayer
Dissertations and Theses
The lateral line canal system is a sensory organ found in all teleost fish that has a wide range of morphological variation. Variation in morphology may often be the result of evolutionary necessity where the need for function dictates form. Xiphister mucosus is an amphibious Stichaeid fish that inhabits the rocky intertidal zone of the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The rocky intertidal is considered an extreme environment where crashing waves and ebbing tides may require the specialization of adaptations for surviving the many abiotic stressors encountered there.
The lateral line trunk canal of Xiphister is regarded as unique among teleosts with …
Changes In Balance And Joint Position Sense During A 12-Day High Altitude Trek: The British Services Dhaulagiri Medical Research Expedition, 2018 Northern Michigan University
Changes In Balance And Joint Position Sense During A 12-Day High Altitude Trek: The British Services Dhaulagiri Medical Research Expedition, Sarah B. Clarke, Kevin Deighton, Caroline Newman, Gareth Nicholson, Liam Gallagher, Christopher J. Boos, Adrian Mellor, David R. Woods, John P. O'Hara
Journal Articles
Postural control and joint position sense are essential for safely undertaking leisure and professional activities, particularly at high altitude. We tested whether exposure to a 12-day trek with a gradual ascent to high altitude impairs postural control and joint position sense. This was a repeated measures observational study of 12 military service personnel (28±4 years). Postural control (sway velocity measured by a portable force platform) during standing balance, a Sharpened Romberg Test and knee joint position sense were measured, in England (113m elevation) and at 3 research camps (3619m, 4600m and 5140m) on a 12-day high altitude trek in the …
Il-1r And Myd88 Contribute To The Absence Of A Bacterial Microbiome On The Healthy Murine Cornea, 2018 Touro University California
Il-1r And Myd88 Contribute To The Absence Of A Bacterial Microbiome On The Healthy Murine Cornea, Stephanie J. Wan, Aaron B. Sullivan, Peyton Shieh, Matteo M. E. Metruccio, David J. Evans, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Suzanne M. J. Fleiszig
Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Pharmacy
Microbial communities are important for the health of mucosal tissues. Traditional culture and gene sequencing have demonstrated bacterial populations on the conjunctiva. However, it remains unclear if the cornea, a transparent tissue critical for vision, also hosts a microbiome. Corneas of wild-type, IL-1R (-/-) and MyD88 (-/-) C57BL/6 mice were imaged after labeling with alkyne-functionalized D-alanine (alkDala), a probe that only incorporates into the peptidoglycan of metabolically active bacteria. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was also used to detect viable bacteria. AlkDala labeling was rarely observed on healthy corneas. In contrast, adjacent conjunctivae harbored filamentous alkDala-positive forms, that also labeled …
Contributions Of Myd88-Dependent Receptors And Cd11c-Positive Cells To Corneal Epithelial Barrier Function Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, 2017 Touro University California
Contributions Of Myd88-Dependent Receptors And Cd11c-Positive Cells To Corneal Epithelial Barrier Function Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Matteo M. E. Metruccio, Connie Tam, David J. Evans, Anna L. Xie, Michael E. Stern, Suzanne M. J. Fleiszig
Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Pharmacy
Previously we reported that corneal epithelial barrier function against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was MyD88-dependent. Here, we explored contributions of MyD88-dependent receptors using vital mouse eyes and confocal imaging. Uninjured IL-1R (−/−) or TLR4 (−/−) corneas, but not TLR2 (−/−), TLR5 (−/−), TLR7 (−/−), or TLR9 (−/−), were more susceptible to P. aeruginosa adhesion than wild-type (3.8-fold, 3.6-fold respectively). Bacteria adherent to the corneas of IL-1R (−/−) or TLR5 (−/−) mice penetrated beyond the epithelial surface only if the cornea was superficially-injured. Bone marrow chimeras showed that bone marrow-derived cells contributed to IL-1R-dependent barrier function. In vivo, but not ex vivo …
An Investigation Into Spike-Based Neuromorphic Approaches For Artificial Olfactory Systems, 2017 Edith Cowan University
An Investigation Into Spike-Based Neuromorphic Approaches For Artificial Olfactory Systems, Anup Vanarse, Adam Osseiran, Alexander Rassau
Research outputs 2014 to 2021
The implementation of neuromorphic methods has delivered promising results for vision and auditory sensors. These methods focus on mimicking the neuro-biological architecture to generate and process spike-based information with minimal power consumption. With increasing interest in developing low-power and robust chemical sensors, the application of neuromorphic engineering concepts for electronic noses has provided an impetus for research focusing on improving these instruments. While conventional e-noses apply computationally expensive and power-consuming data-processing strategies, neuromorphic olfactory sensors implement the biological olfaction principles found in humans and insects to simplify the handling of multivariate sensory data by generating and processing spike-based information. Over …
Distortion In Body Schema: The Influence Of Body Fat And Mass On Perceptions Of Personal Size, 2017 Bard College
Distortion In Body Schema: The Influence Of Body Fat And Mass On Perceptions Of Personal Size, Katarina Ann Ferrucci
Senior Projects Spring 2017
Obesity has been linked with a myriad of negative outcomes for both physical and mental health including feeding and eating disorders and cognitive impairments that affect perception of body size. Understanding the cognitive mechanisms and physiological factors that contribute to perception of body size may help us to comprehend how obesity impacts the construction and development of one’s mental body representations. Previous research by Scarpina, Castelnuovo, and Molinari (2014) suggests that, compared to those with a normal Body Mass Index, individuals with a BMI greater than 30 (obese) not only inaccurately estimate tactile and mental distances on their own bodies, …
Development Of A Novel Ex Vivo Equine Corneal Model, 2016 University of Missouri, Columbia
Development Of A Novel Ex Vivo Equine Corneal Model, Todd L. Marlo, Elizabeth A. Giuliano, Ajay Sharma, Rajiv R. Mohan
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
Objective
To develop an ex vivo equine corneal organ culture model. Specifically, to assess the equine cornea's extracellular matrix and cellularity after 7 days using two different culture techniques: either (i) immersion system or (ii) air/liquid interface system, to determine the best ex vivo equine corneal model.
Animals Studied
Fourteen healthy equine corneas of various breeds.
Procedures
Equine corneas with 2 mm of perilimbal sclera were freshly harvested from 7 horses undergoing humane euthanasia. One corneal–scleral ring (CSR) from each horse was randomly placed in the (i) immersion condition organ culture system (IC), with the contralateral CSR being placed in …
Hearing And Vision Screening Tools For Long-Term Care Residents With Dementia: Protocol For A Scoping Review, 2016 Sheridan College
Hearing And Vision Screening Tools For Long-Term Care Residents With Dementia: Protocol For A Scoping Review, Kate Dupuis, Katherine S. Mcgilton, Fiona Höbler, Jennifer Campos, Tammy Labreche, Dawn M. Guthrie, Jonathan Jarry, Gurjit Singh, Walter Wittich
Publications and Scholarship
Introduction: Hearing and vision loss among longterm care (LTC) residents with dementia frequently goes unnoticed and untreated. Despite negative consequences for these residents, there is little information available about their sensory abilities and care assessments and practices seldom take these abilities or accessibility needs into account. Without adequate knowledge regarding such sensory loss, it is difficult for LTC staff to determine the level of an individual’s residual basic competence for communication and independent functioning. We will conduct a scoping review to identify the screening measures used in research and clinical contexts that test hearing and vision in adults aged over …
Youth Recreational Firearm User’S Shooting Habits, Use Of Hearing Protection Devices And Self-Assessed Auditory Status, 2016 University of Northern Colorado
Youth Recreational Firearm User’S Shooting Habits, Use Of Hearing Protection Devices And Self-Assessed Auditory Status, Kayla Howerton
Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado
No abstract provided.
“My Logic Is Undeniable”: Replicating The Brain For Ideal Artificial Intelligence, 2016 Liberty University
“My Logic Is Undeniable”: Replicating The Brain For Ideal Artificial Intelligence, Samuel C. Adams
Senior Honors Theses
Alan Turing asked if machines can think, but intelligence is more than logic and reason. I ask if a machine can feel pain or joy, have visions and dreams, or paint a masterpiece. The human brain sets the bar high, and despite our progress, artificial intelligence has a long way to go. Studying neurology from a software engineer’s perspective reveals numerous uncanny similarities between the functionality of the brain and that of a computer. If the brain is a biological computer, then it is the embodiment of artificial intelligence beyond anything we have yet achieved, and its architecture is advanced …
Local Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (Crh) Signals To Its Receptor Crhr1 During Postnatal Development Of The Mouse Olfactory Bulb., 2016 Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
Local Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (Crh) Signals To Its Receptor Crhr1 During Postnatal Development Of The Mouse Olfactory Bulb., Isabella Garcia, Paramjit K Bhullar, Burak Tepe, Joshua Ortiz-Guzman, Longwen Huang, Alexander M Herman, Lesley Chaboub, Benjamin Deneen, Nicholas J Justice, Benjamin R Arenkiel
Faculty Publications
Neuropeptides play important physiological functions during distinct behaviors such as arousal, learning, memory, and reproduction. However, the role of local, extrahypothalamic neuropeptide signaling in shaping synapse formation and neuronal plasticity in the brain is not well understood. Here, we characterize the spatiotemporal expression profile of the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and its receptor CRHR1 in the mouse OB throughout development. We found that CRH-expressing interneurons are present in the external plexiform layer, that its cognate receptor is expressed by granule cells, and show that both CRH and CRHR1 expression enriches in the postnatal period when olfaction becomes important towards olfactory-related …
Interaction Among Gustation, Olfaction, And Vision In Flavor Identification, 2015 California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo
Interaction Among Gustation, Olfaction, And Vision In Flavor Identification, Michael Lauth
Michael Lauth
Even though the senses of taste, smell, and sight are distinct, there is a significant overlap among them in our perceptions of objects that helps us understand and differentiate the world. Everyone has experienced, when his or her nose gets congested, that his or her sense of taste changes as well. Many individuals do not equally understand the top-down processing with taste when someone sees objects they are about to eat. In the replicated study by our principle investigator, a random convenience sample of young adults (n=162) were recruited and tested to determine if they could taste four Jelly Belly …
Olfactory Thresholds Of The U.S. Population Of Home-Dwelling Older Adults: Development And Validation Of A Short, Reliable Measure, 2015 Northeastern Illinois University
Olfactory Thresholds Of The U.S. Population Of Home-Dwelling Older Adults: Development And Validation Of A Short, Reliable Measure, David W. Kern, L Phillip Schumm, Kristen E. Wroblewski, Jayant M. Pinto, Thomas Hummel
Psychology & Gerontology Faculty Publications
Current methods of olfactory sensitivity testing are logistically challenging and therefore infeasible for use in in-home surveys and other field settings. We developed a fast, easy and reliable method of assessing olfactory thresholds, and used it in the first study of olfactory sensitivity in a nationally representative sample of U.S. home-dwelling older adults. We validated our method via computer simulation together with a model estimated from 590 normosmics. Simulated subjects were assigned n-butanol thresholds drawn from the estimated normosmic distribution and based on these and the model, we simulated administration of both the staircase and constant stimuli methods. Our …
Hearing Loss From Traumatic Brain Injury, 2015 Parkland College
Hearing Loss From Traumatic Brain Injury, Nathan Young
A with Honors Projects
Traumatic brain injury to the parts of the brain responsible for processing auditory information can result in hearing loss that is difficult to assess and treat. Symptoms can include difficulty in filtering background noises or filtering out specific sounds, confusion, and disorientation or nausea. Treatment of this type of hearing loss varies, but primarily consists of psychological treatment focused around rehabilitation and coping.
Pupillometry: A Non-Invasive Technique For Pain Assessment In Paediatric Patients., 2014 Children's Mercy Hospital
Pupillometry: A Non-Invasive Technique For Pain Assessment In Paediatric Patients., Mark A. Connelly, Jacob T. Brown, Gregory L. Kearns, Rawni A. Anderson, Shawn D. St Peter, Kathleen A. Neville
Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers
OBJECTIVE: Pupillometry has been used to assess pain intensity and response to analgesic medications in adults. The aim of this observational study was to explore proof of concept for the use of this technique in paediatric patients. Changes in pupil parameters before and after opioid exposure also were evaluated.
DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a single-centre, prospective study conducted at an academic paediatric medical centre.
PATIENTS: Children 9-17 years of age undergoing elective surgical correction of pectus excavatum were enrolled into a protocol approved by the human ethical committee (institutional review board).
INTERVENTIONS: Pupil size and reactivity were measured using …
Olfactory Dysfunction Predicts 5-Year Mortality In Older Adults, 2014 University of Chicago
Olfactory Dysfunction Predicts 5-Year Mortality In Older Adults, Jayant M. Pinto, Kristen E. Wroblewski, David W. Kern, L Phillip Schumm, Martha K. Mcclintock
Psychology & Gerontology Faculty Publications
Prediction of mortality has focused on disease and frailty, although antecedent biomarkers may herald broad physiological decline. Olfaction, an ancestral chemical system, is a strong candidate biomarker because it is linked to diverse physiological processes. We sought to determine if olfactory dysfunction is a harbinger of 5-year mortality in the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project [NSHAP], a nationally representative sample of older U.S. adults. 3,005 community-dwelling adults aged 57–85 were studied in 2005–6 (Wave 1) and their mortality determined in 2010–11 (Wave 2). Olfactory dysfunction, determined objectively at Wave 1, was used to estimate the odds of 5-year, …
Atypical Multisensory Integration In Niemann-Pick Type C Disease – Towards Potential Biomarkers, 2014 CUNY Graduate Center
Atypical Multisensory Integration In Niemann-Pick Type C Disease – Towards Potential Biomarkers, Gizely N. Andrade, Sophie Molholm, John S. Butler, Alice Brown Brandwein, Steven U. Walkley, John J. Foxe
Publications and Research
Background: Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disease in which cholesterol and glycosphingolipids accumulate in lysosomes due to aberrant cell-transport mechanisms. It is characterized by progressive and ultimately terminal neurological disease, but both pre-clinical studies and direct human trials are underway to test the safety and efficacy of cholesterol clearing compounds, with good success already observed in animal models. Key to assessing the effectiveness of interventions in patients, however, is the development of objective neurobiological outcome measures. Multisensory integration mechanisms present as an excellent candidate since they necessarily rely on the fidelity of long-range neural connections between the …
Interaction Among Gustation, Olfaction, And Vision In Flavor Identification, 2014 California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo
Interaction Among Gustation, Olfaction, And Vision In Flavor Identification, Michael J. Lauth
Symposium
Even though the senses of taste, smell, and sight are distinct, there is a significant overlap among them in our perceptions of objects that helps us understand and differentiate the world. Everyone has experienced, when his or her nose gets congested, that his or her sense of taste changes as well. Many individuals do not equally understand the top-down processing with taste when someone sees objects they are about to eat. In the replicated study by our principle investigator, a random convenience sample of young adults (n=162) were recruited and tested to determine if they could taste four Jelly Belly …
A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist Prevents Loss Of Retinal Ganglion Cells In A Glaucoma Model, 2014 Western Michigan University
A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist Prevents Loss Of Retinal Ganglion Cells In A Glaucoma Model, Kazuhiro Iwamoto, Patrick Birkholz, Austin Schipper, David Mata, David M. Linn, Cindy L. Linn
Peer Reviewed Articles
Purpose.: The purpose of this study was to analyze the neuroprotective effect of an α7 nAChR agonist, PNU-282987, using an in vivo model of glaucoma in Long Evans rats.
Methods.: One eye in each animal was surgically manipulated to induce glaucoma in control untreated animals and in animals that were treated with intravitreal injections of PNU-282987. To induce glaucoma-like conditions, 0.05 mL of 2 M NaCl was injected into the episcleral veins of right eyes in each rat to create scar tissue and increase intraocular pressure. The left eye in each rat acted as an internal control. One month following …