Respiratory System Commons^™

Non-Typeable Haemophilus Influenzae Decreases Cilia Beating Via Protein Kinase Cε., Kristina L. Bailey, Tricia D. Levan, Daniel A. Yanov, Jacqueline A. Pavlik, Jane M. Devasure, Joseph H. Sisson, Todd A. Wyatt

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: Haemophilus influenzae infection of the nasal epithelium has long been associated with observations of decreased nasal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and injury to the ciliated epithelium. Previously, we have reported that several agents that slow CBF also have the effect of activating protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) activity in bronchial epithelial cells. The subsequent auto-downregulation of PKCε or the direct inhibition of PKCε leads to the specific detachment of the ciliated cells.

METHODS: Primary cultures of ciliated bovine bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to filtered conditioned media supernatants from non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) cultures. CBF and motile points were …

Hearts And Minds: Examining The Evolution Of The Egyptian Excerebration And Evisceration Traditions Through The Impact Mummy Database, Andrew D. Wade

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Egyptian mummification and funerary rituals were a transformative process, making the deceased a pure being; free of disease, injury, and disfigurements, as well as ethical and moral impurities. Consequently, the features of mummification available to specific categories of individuals hold social and ideological significance. This study refutes long-held classical stereotypes, particularly dogmatic class associations; demonstrates the apocryphal nature of universal heart retention; and expands on the purposes of excerebration and evisceration implied by synthetic and radiological analyses.

Features of the embalming traditions, specifically the variable excerebration and evisceration traditions, represented the Egyptian view of death. Fine-grain analyses, through primary imaging …

Inteda Helps Improve Aerosol Delivery In Turkey, Arzu Ari

Respiratory Therapy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Aerosol Therapy For Ventilator-Dependent Patients: Devices, Issues, Selection & Technique, Arzu Ari

Respiratory Therapy Faculty Publications

Aerosol devices have been used to administer inhaled medications since the invention of modern mechanical ventilators. Although many new aerosol devices are available for ventilator-dependent patients, successful aerosol therapy still depends on thorough clinician knowledge of aerosol devices and their proper use. This paper explains the types of aerosol devices available on the market and provides strategies for choosing the right device for optimal treatment of mechanically-ventilated patients.

Effect Of Honey On Anaerobic Performance In Male Collegiate Soccer Players, Katelyn G. Woolfolk

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Author's abstract: Carbohydrate supplementation has been associated with increased performance in aerobic and anaerobic activity. Honey, specifically, has shown to increase performance in aerobic exercise as well as provide other health benefits. The purpose of this study was to see if honey, a natural substance, has a positive effect on anaerobic performance, rates of perceived exertion, and gastrointestinal distress. Subjects consisted of 18 healthy, Division 1 collegiate male soccer players (19.39 ± 0.85 yr, 75.39 ± 7.97 kg). All had no allergies and were cleared for participation by a certified athletic trainer. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three …

Successful Use Of A Prolonged Inspiratory Time On The Bunnell Life Pulse Hfjv In Treating Pneumonia Refractory To Conventional And Hfo Ventilation In A Nicu Patient, Kimberly Barner Bs, Rrt-Nps, Laura Monroe Rrt-Nps, Patrick Fitzsimmons Bs, Rrt-Nps

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Assessing Two Spirometric Criteria Of Pre-Bronchodilator And Post-Bronchodilator Fev1/Fvc Ratio In Detecting Air Flow Obstruction, Zeeshan Waheed, Muhammad Irfan, Ahmed Suleman Haque, Najmul Hasan Siddiqui, Safia Awan, Beenish Syed, Javaid Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

OBJECTIVES: To assess the Pre-bronchodilator criteria and the Post-bronchodilator criteria of FEV1/FVC ratio in diagnosing Airflow obstruction.

METHODS: An observational study was conducted from 1988 to 2006 at the Aga Khan University Hospital Patients referred to the pulmonary function test laboratory for spirometry with bronchodilator reversibility at the hospital during the above said period were enrolled. Forced spirometry was performed according to ATS guidelines. All patients who had pre-bronchodilator criteria of airflow obstruction were analyzed and compared with the post bronchodilator criteria.

RESULTS: A total of 4222 individuals underwent spirometry out of which 4072 individuals were studied. Using the pre …

An Evaluation Of The Emerging Interventions Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Rsv)-Associated Acute Lower Respiratory Infections In Children, Harish Nair, Vasundhara R. Verma, Evropi Theodoratou, Lina Zgaga, Tanvir Huda, Eric Af Simoes, Peter F. Wright, Igor Rudan, Harry Campbell

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children. It is estimated to cause approximately 33.8 million new episodes of ALRI in children annually, 96% of these occurring in developing countries. It is also estimated to result in about 53,000 to 199,000 deaths annually in young children. Currently there are several vaccine and immunoprophylaxis candidates against RSV in the developmental phase targeting active and passive immunization.

Methods: We used a modified CHNRI methodology for setting priorities in health research investments. This was done in two stages. In Stage I, we systematically reviewed …

Hughes-Stovin Syndrome, Umair Khalid, Taimur Saleem

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Hughes-Stovin Syndrome (HSS) is a very rare clinical disorder characterized by thrombophlebitis and multiple pulmonary and/or bronchial aneurysms. Less than 40 published cases of HSS have been described in English medical literature so far. The exact etiology and pathogenesis of HSS is unknown, possible causes include infections and angiodysplasia. HSS has also been considered as a variant of Behcet's disease (BD). Patients with HSS usually present with cough, dyspnea, fever, chest pain and haemoptysis. The management of HSS can either be medical or surgical. Medical management includes the use of steroids and cytotoxic agents. Cyclophosphamide, in particular, is a favored …

Negative Pressure Pulmonary Oedema: A Rare Complication Following General Anaesthesia, Zeeshan Waheed, Javaid Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

An important cause of pulmonary oedema is Negative Pressure Pulmonary Oedema (NPPE) which characteristically develops soon after extubation from an endo-tracheal intubation. In this case report we identified a case of previously healthy man who was intubated for General Anaesthesia for extraction of impacted molar tooth. Soon after extubation he developed severe respiratory distress. Immediate diagnosis of NPPE secondary to post extubation laryngospasm was made. He was promptly treated with 100 percent oxygen via CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) mask and within an hour he markedly improved and subsequently became asymptomatic. NPPE is an important cause of morbidity and need …

Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome In Tuberculous Meningitis, Abdul Jabbar, Syed Nadir Farrukh, Rabbia Khan

Section of Internal Medicine

Case of a seventy year old female, who developed cerebral salt wasting syndrome in association with Tuberculous Meningitis is presented.

Crystal Structure Of The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Inhibitory Factor Cif Reveals Novel Active-Site Features Of An Epoxide Hydrolase Virulence Factor, Christopher D. Bahl, Christophe Morisseau, Jennifer M. Bomberger, Bruce A. Stanton, Bruce D. Hammock, George A. O'Toole, Dean R. Madden

Dartmouth Scholarship

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitory factor (Cif) is a virulence factor secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that reduces the quantity of CFTR in the apical membrane of human airway epithelial cells. Initial sequence analysis suggested that Cif is an epoxide hydrolase (EH), but its sequence violates two strictly conserved EH motifs and also is compatible with other alpha/beta hydrolase family members with diverse substrate specificities. To investigate the mechanistic basis of Cif activity, we have determined its structure at 1.8-A resolution by X-ray crystallography. The catalytic triad consists of residues Asp129, His297, and Glu153, which are conserved across the …

From Admission To Graduation: The Impact Of Gender On Student Academic Success In Respiratory Therapy Education, Arzu Ari, Orcin Telli Atalay, Essam Ali Aljamhan

Respiratory Therapy Faculty Publications

Despite research in other allied health professions and medicine, the influence of gender on student performance in respiratory therapy (RT) academic programs and on the National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC) examinations is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the impact of gender on student academic performance from admission to graduation and to determine whether gender differences affected student success on the NBRC examinations. This study consisted of a retrospective analysis of 91 female and 22 male graduates at a southeastern U.S. university between 2003 and 2007. The variables of academic success included the students' entering …

Variables Predictive Of Outcome In Patients With Acute Hypercapneic Respiratory Failure Treated With Noninvasive Ventilatio, Nawal Salahuddin, Muhammad Irfan, Shereen Khan, Muhammad Naeem, Ahmad Suleman Haque, Shahid Javed Husain, Nisar Ahmed Rao, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi, Javaid Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

OBJECTIVE: To assess results with NIV in acute hypercapneic respiratory failure and to identify outcome predictors.

METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study on consecutive patients presenting with acute type II respiratory failure and meeting criteria for NIV use over a 5 year period. Patients presenting with haemodynamic instability, inability to protect their airway, malignant arrhythmias and recent oesophageal surgery were excluded. Univariate and Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the impact on survival. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Software used was SPSS 14.

RESULTS: Total numbers of patients included were 119; 52.9% were males. Mean age was 63.4 +/- 11.9 years. Overall Survival to …