Physiology Commons^™

Effects Of Muscle Cooling On Ampk And Protein Synthesis In Skeletal Muscle, Kyle Lyons, David Thomson, Pdbio

Journal of Undergraduate Research

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an intracellular protein that regulates many signaling responses including the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which increases protein synthesis1. Recent research suggests that cold-water immersion of the leg activates AMPK in skeletal muscle. It is not known whether cold directly activates AMPK in skeletal muscle or if the aforementioned results are due to systemic or hormonal responses. Furthermore, the direct effect of cooling on protein synthesis-related signaling in skeletal muscle has not been established. If cooling affects the activation of AMPK, then it could also affect mTOR. Therefore, the purpose of this study was …

Endocrine And Metabolic Effects Of Consuming Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: Preclinical And Clinical Studies", Peter Havel

Science Seminar Series

Peter J. Havel of the School of Veterinary Medicine at UC Davis will speak on his research on Endocrine and Metabolic Effects of Consuming Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: Preclinical and clinical studies at this Science Seminar Series lecture.

Effects Of Leucine Supplementation And Resistance Training On Myopathy Of Diabetic Rats, Carlos Eduardo C. Martins, Vanessa B. De S. Lima, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Julio Tirapegui

Publications and Research

Leucine supplementation and resistance training positively influence the protein translation process and the cell signaling mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway that regulates muscle protein balance and muscle remodeling, and thus may be therapeutic to diabetic myopathy. However, the effect of a combined intervention has not been well studied. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, control (C), diabetic control (D), diabetic + trained (DT), diabetic + L-leucine (DL), diabetic + L-leucine + trained (DLT). The supplementation of 5% leucine in chow, and resistance training were conducted for 8 weeks postweaning of rats. The extensor digitorum longus was …

Capacitive Memory Alters Alternans And Spontaneous Activity In A Minimal Cardiomyocyte Model, Tien Comlekoglu, Seth H. Weinberg

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Age, Work Experience, Education Level, And Score On A Standardized Pre-Employment Competency Exam On The Outcome Of A Pre-Employment Polygraph Exam, David M. Torres

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

This study examined the influence of age, work experience, education level, and score on a standardized pre-employment competency exam on the outcome of a pre-employment polygraph exam. Due to the strict selection requirements and competitive nature of sensitive government and public safety positions, organizations compete in the costly endeavor to hire qualified applicants efficiently and effectively. As these organizations fail to meet the required hiring levels, their responsibilities in public and national security cannot be carried out. This study was conducted in an effort to reduce the time and financial resources an organization must appropriate on applicants that cannot successfully …

Mathematical Modeling Of Normal And Abnormal Responses To The Valsalva Maneuver, Eric Benjamin Randall

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Can Cone Signals In The Wild Be Predicted From The Past?, David H. Foster, Iván Marín-Franch

MODVIS Workshop

In the natural world, the past is usually a good guide to the future. If light from the sun and sky is blue earlier in the day and yellow now, then it is likely to be more yellow later, as the sun's elevation decreases. But is the light reflected from a scene into the eye as predictable as the light incident upon the scene, especially when lighting changes are not just spectral but include changes in local shadows and mutual reflections? The aim of this work was to test the predictability of cone photoreceptor signals in the wild over the …

Using A Tnp Fluorophore To Identify Adenosine Binding In The Snap25b Snare Binding Protein, David Hallan, Dixon Woodbury

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Vesicle fusion is a key step in the cellular process of exocytosis and is at the center of neurotransmitter release by neurons. Fusion is driven by a set of proteins known as SNAREs which includes the protein SNAP25B.

In the synthesis and spectroscopic analysis of the SNAP25B protein, a strong, unexpected 260 nm peak has been seen. This 260 nm peak might correspond to DNA, RNA, or any other adenosine-containing molecule binding to SNAP25B. Previous work indicated that the 260 peak was not due to DNA or RNA. SNAP25B binding to an adenosine-containing substance could be the basis of an …

Drunken Membranes: Short-Chain Alcohols Alter Fusion Of Liposomes To Planar Lipid Bilayers, Jason Paxman, Dixon Woodbury

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The focus of my project was on understanding the effect of alcohol on the complex process of neural transmission, or how the body sends and receives signals through neurons. This essential communication occurs at junctions where neurons meet known as synapses. Essential to the process of sending any signal is the releasing of neurotransmitters into the synapse where they bind to receptors on the adjacent neuron. This releasing of neurotransmitter occurs through a process known as exocytosis. Exocytosis can only occur when neurotransmitter-containing vesicles fuse to the cell membrane. Alterations to the process of exocytosis can result in drastic consequences, …

Macrophages Are Necessary For Epimorphic Regeneration In African Spiny Mice, Jennifer Simkin, Thomas R. Gawriluk, John C. Gensel, Ashley W. Seifert

Biology Faculty Publications

How the immune system affects tissue regeneration is not well understood. In this study, we used an emerging mammalian model of epimorphic regeneration, the African spiny mouse, to examine cell-based inflammation and tested the hypothesis that macrophages are necessary for regeneration. By directly comparing inflammatory cell activation in a 4 mm ear injury during regeneration (Acomys cahirinus) and scarring (Mus musculus), we found that both species exhibited an acute inflammatory response, with scarring characterized by stronger myeloperoxidase activity. In contrast, ROS production was stronger and more persistent during regeneration. By depleting macrophages during injury, we demonstrate …

Diverse Tissue And Organ Systems Differs Following Exposure To Secondhand Cigarette Smoke, Jason Gassman, Dr. Paul R. Reynolds

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor expressed in many cell types, including smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and epithelial cells (1). RAGE is capable of binding a variety of endogenous ligands, included advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), S100/calgranulins, amyloid-beta peptides, and HMGB1 (2). RAGE signaling has been identified as a primary mediator in a variety of feed-forward inflammatory pathways and, as such, has been implicated in a variety of chronic conditions of inflammation such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pancreatitis, and diabetic cardiomyopathy (3-5).

Divergent Responses Of Larval And Juvenile Blue Mussels To Low Salinity Exposure, Melissa A. May

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this study, we compared the osmotic stress response of larval and juvenile blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) at the transcriptomic, metabolomic, and whole organism levels. Blue mussels inhabit coastal areas, where they face climate-induced reductions in nearshore salinity. Despite their ecological and economic importance, scientists do not fully understand the underlying transcriptomic and cellular mechanisms of the osmotic stress response in blue mussels or how the ability to respond to stress changes throughout development. Blue mussels spend the first weeks of life developing through several larval stages in the plankton. These early life history stages are more vulnerable …

Changes In Running Economy, Respiratory Exchange Ratio And Vo2max In Runners Following A 10-Day Altitude Training Camp, Sebastian R. Diebel, Ian Newhouse, David S. Thompson, Vineet B.K. Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 629-639, 2017. Running economy (RE) and VO₂max are important predictors of endurance performance for elite and semi-elite endurance athletes, with RE being an appropriate predictor in a homogenous running population. Altitude training has been observed to change RE (mL.kg^-1.min^-1), and VO₂max due to alterations resulting from acclimatization. This study tracked changes in RE and VO₂max before and after a 10-day altitude training camp at 1828 meters. VO₂max_, RE expressed calorically, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER), were measured below anaerobic threshold (AT) …

Localization Of Cell Bodies Of The Stellate And Superior Cervical Ganglia In Relation To Innervation Of Cardiac Muscle And Vasculature Of The Brain, Alistair Hilton, Jonathan J. Wisco

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Introduction: Arrhythmia is a serious heart defect that effects 14 million people in the United States.i When the impulse rhythm becomes irregular or the frequency of atrial and ventricular beats are different it is called arrhythmia.ii The most serious effects of arrhythmia include sudden cardiac arrest and stroke.iii Sympathetic nerve activity from the stellate ganglia increases prior to arrhythmia events leading to sudden cardiac death.iv About 383,000 cases of cardiac arrest are recorded annually in the United States alone.v Current treatment for arrhythmia consists of ablation or intentional, permanent scarring of the heart tissue, rather than a more targeted block …

King-Devick Performance Following Moderate And High Exercise Intensity Bouts., Billymo Rist, Adrian Cohen, Alan J. Pearce

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 619-628, 2017. The King-Devick (K-D) test is a concise, noninvasive assessment of oculomotor and cognitive function that has been shown to detect sub-optimal brain performance following sports head trauma. Used in a number of sports as a sideline concussion assessment tool, the K-D test can be administered by non-medical personnel. However, the issue regarding the effect of exercise on K-D performance has not been fully explored. Using a randomized crossover design, this study aimed to compare the effect of two intensities of exercise on K-D performance. Twenty males (21.2 ± 1.9 years) completed the …

Mood And Performance Anxiety In High School Basketball Players: A Pilot Study, Steffen J. Hoover, Rachel K. Winter, Holly Mccutchan, Christina C. Beaudoin, Lawrence W. Judge, Lani M. Jones, Brianna Leitzlar, Donald L. Hoover

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 604-618, 2017. Participation in competitive sport may impact psychological measures, such as mood and performance anxiety, which in turn may impact enjoyment, adherence, continued participation, and so on. This study assessed the feasibility – in terms of process, resources, management, and potential scientific value– of measuring the effect of varying competitive challenges upon the mood and performance anxiety measures of high school athletes. The participants (n=12) consisted of the boys’ varsity basketball team at a high school in a rural Midwestern community. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS) to assess mood and …

The Effect Of Incline On Caloric Expenditure Measured By A Wrist-Worn Commercial Activity Monitor, Kaitlin M. Bickel

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Purpose Physical activity monitors have become popular among the general public to monitor steps, floors climbed, active minutes, and energy expenditure (EE). While there is evidence to support that these devices are accurate in counting steps, there is limited and inconclusive research regarding how accurate they are in measuring EE. This study aimed to test the accuracy of a newer commercial physical activity monitor, the Fitbit Charge (FC), in reporting EE compared to a research-grade accelerometer (GT3X), and indirect calorimetry (IC) while walking on a treadmill with and without incline.

Methods 30 subjects (22 female and 8 male) walked on …

Mathematical Modeling And Expression Of Heart Rate Deflection Point Using Heart Rate And Oxygen Consumption, Kayla M. Baker, David H. Fukuda Ph.D., David Church, Michael B. La Monica, Kyle S. Beyer, Jay R. Hoffman, Jeffrey R. Stout Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 592-603, 2017. Heart rate deflection point (HRDP) can be determined through different mathematical-modeling procedures, such as bi-segmental linear regression (2SEG) or maximal distance model (Dmax). The purpose was to compare heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO₂) at HRDP when using 2SEG and Dmax, and to examine their relationships with respiratory compensation point (RCP) and running performance. Nineteen participants completed a graded exercise test (GXT), to determine HRDP and RCP, and a 5km treadmill time trial (5K_time). No differences were found in HR or VO₂ when comparing HRDP_{2SEG …}

The Effects Of Work-To-Rest Ratios On Torque, Electromyographic, And Mechanomyographic Responses To Fatiguing Workbouts, Ethan C. Hill, Terry J. Housh, Cory M. Smith, Kristen C. Cochrane, Nathaniel D.M. Jenkins, Richard J. Schmidt, Glen O. Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 580-591, 2017. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of 2 different work-to-rest ratios, but the same mean load, cycle time, and total duration of the exercise bout, on maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque and neuromuscular responses to fatiguing, intermittent, submaximal, isometric, forearm flexion muscle actions. Ten men performed 2 fatiguing protocols with different work-to-rest ratios (4 s contraction, 4 s rest vs. 4 s contraction, alternating 6 and 2 s rest) that consisted of 50 intermittent, submaximal (65% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction), isometric, forearm flexion muscle actions. Electromyographic …

Hibernator And Non-Hibernator Responses To Acute Changes In Water Intake, Sydni S. Andruskiewicz

All College Thesis Program, 2016-2019

Hibernating animals undergo dramatic changes in metabolic rates during torpor. One of most notable changes in these animals is the ability to maintain blood pressure and perfuse certain organs. Consequentially, blood perfusion to the kidneys is greatly decreased and the ability to concentrate urine halts. However, about once a week, torpor is interrupted and the animal becomes active to rewarm itself about once a week. This activity induces rapid regeneration of the extracellular osmotic gradient of the kidney, and allows urine to be concentrated. Nonetheless, regaining the extracellular osmotic gradient creates a potentially fatal consequence to the kidney cells. To …