Life Sciences Commons^™

The Chemical Composition Of Food Preservatives. Solutions For Testing Cream And Milk., J. B. Weems, I. J. Mead, C. E. Gray

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

There are many substances which are found on the market at the present time intended for preserving food products under various brands and names. The claims made for these substances by the manufacturers would lead one to believe that the brand of substance for which the claim is made possessed a wonderful power for preserving food products. When these mixtures are examined it is found that they are composed of common substances and such that any one could readily prepare for a small part of the price charged for them.

In the development of the dairy industry from the farm ...

The Results Of A Cattle Feeding Test, W. J. Kennedy, F. R. Marshall

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

The problem of most vital importance to the cattle feeder of the middle west at the present day is, how to produce beef more economically. The marked advance in the value of farm lands and the strenuous competition of the range territory coupled with the high priced feeding-stuffs have materially changed conditions from what they were less than two decades ago. Can he afford to feed fifty-five or sixty cent corn to cattle and hope to realize a profit? Can he, by the addition of some by-product or condimental food, secure better returns from the corn fed? These have been ...

The Results Of A Swine Feeding Experiment, W. J. Kennedy, F. R. Marshall

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

That the production of pork is an important factor on the average farm in Iowa is well substantiated by the fact that the farmers or Iowa annually receive more money from the production of pork than do the farmers of any other two states in the Union. Furthermore the importance of this industry is well demonstrated in the fact that out of the total number of hogs received at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, the greatest hog market in the world, Iowa furnishes more than fifty per cent. Recognizing these facts, we can readily appreciate the value of any work ...

Notes On Strawberries., H. C. Price, E. E. Little

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

The following pages give the results of a variety test of strawberries begun in the spring of 1899. At this time seventy-five varieties were set in plats ten feet long and each plat containing two rows, four feet apart and the plants twelve inches apart in the row, so that each plat contained twenty plants. The matted row system of culture was used, and the plants were allowed to spread until they formed rows about two feet wide. In the spring of 1900 seventeen more varieties were added to the plantation. The results obtained from the plantation in 1900 were ...

Finishing Western Wethers On Grass And Grain For Early Summer Market., W. J. Kennedy, F. R. Marshall

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

Farmers throughout the central states annually feed and finish for market thousands of sheep. During the past decade a great many farmers have adopted the policy of purchasing western lambs and yearlings during the months of September, October, November and December with the intention of feeding them from sixty to one hundred and twenty days, depending upon the condition of lambs, markets, etc., and then selling them at an advance in price sufficient to return a nice profit on the investment.

A Study On The Germination And Growth Of Leguminosae, Especially With Reference To Small And Large Seed., F. G. Miller, L. H. Pammel

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

Practical experience has shown the value of giving much attention to the subject of seed selection. While it is true that the greater number of farmers pay no attention to seed selection, nevertheless the careful farmer and horticulturist is particular about the kind of seed that he plants. And this is especially true of crops like corn, wheat, cotton, oats and potatoes. The majority of farmers pick their seed at random, often without paying any attention to the pedigree or vitality, with the result that their crop is very much reduced. The fact that Dr. Stubbs had increased the sugar ...

Miscellaneous Notes On Fungus Diseases Of Plants. The Canada Thistle And Dandelion. A Few Of The Common Fleshy Fungi Of Ames., L. H. Pammel, Alice Ward Hess

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

During the fall of 1901 Miss Estella Rhinehart brought into the laboratory a fungus on the cow pea which caused the leaves to be covered with brown rusty spots. On closer examination this proved to be a genuine rust, Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Link. After looking through the literature I had on hand I was unable to find this rust recorded on this host. The fungus appeared however to be identical with one described on the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Wallroth¹ described the aecidium stage as Aecidium Phaseolorum. Saccardo² does not record the fungus on the cow pea.

The ...

The Aphididae Of North America., W. D. Hunter

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

Members of the family Aphididae were among the first insects to attract attention in this country, and consequently to be investigated by entomologists. From the time of Harris and Fitch, until the present, a large portion of the writings of economic entomologists have dealt with them. During all this time, although more or less complete lists of the described species have been published, there has not appeared a catalogue. It is believed that, as a result of the confusion coming from the lack of bibliographical references, and the consequent difficulty of finding what has been written concerning any certain species ...

A Bacteriological Study Of The College Creamery Milk Supply, A Case Of Putrid Butter, Purification Of Milk By The Centrifugal Separator, C. H. Eckles, S. E. Barnes

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

For several years the Dairy Department has been making experiments in cream ripening and its relation to butter flavor. In the course of this work certain important facts have developed regarding the causes of variation in quality of butter from season to season.

It is a fact understood by all buttermakers that under natural conditions, most of the difficulty experienced in securing the right butter flavor Occurs during the winter season. The annual loss to the dairies and creameries of the state due to this fact is undoubtedly very large.

Parturient Paralysis And The Schmidt Treatment., John J. Repp

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

This disease is also known by the names parturient paresis, paresis of parturition, parturient fever, milk fever. The word “fever” in connection with the terminology of this disease is not very appropriate, because in the majority of cases fever is not present, but the animal has a subnormal temperature. The term milk fever is very misleading and indefinite, as it is also used by the laity to designate other diseases, such as parturient septicaemia and the various forms of mammitis. Parturient paralysis must be clearly differentiated from parturient septicaemia, which is a disease of an entirely different character and which ...

Experiments In Curing Cheese, G. L. Mckay

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

On the 29th of August, 1898, experiments were commenced with a view of determining the feasibility of central curing rooms, and the effects of climatic conditions on the curing of cheese.

Cheese made at Iowa College Factory were shipped by express, fresh from the press, to one of the best factories in Canada to be cured. We also sent some to Guelph Ontario Dairy School to be cured. Cheese made at Black Creek Factory and at Guelph Dairy School were sent here, fresh from the press, to be cured. Shipping the cheese 750 miles by express during the heat of ...

An Overview Of Functional Non-Meat Ingredients In Meat Processing: The Current Toolbox, Joseph G. Sebranek

Joseph G. Sebranek

My “assignment” as part of this discussion of the challenges facing meat processors trying to meet consumer demands for clean labels is to review the critical functional roles of the fundamental non-meat ingredients that are essential for processed meats. The market pressure for shorter, simpler, easier-to-understand ingredient statements is providing considerable motivation for processors to reduce or even eliminate some of the traditional, wellestablished non-meat ingredients. However, the practical applications of many of the traditional non-meat ingredients have been developed and refined as a result of years, decades or even centuries of use, and have clearly evolved to play very ...

The Role Of Attitude, Control And Intention To Explain Fruit And Vegetable Intake Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Women With Low Socioeconomic Status, Michele Debiasse, Deborah J. Bowen, Sherry L. Pagoto, Joseph M. Massaro, N. Istfan, Lisa M. Quintiliani

Sherry L. Pagoto

Objective: Fruit and Vegetable (FV) intake-a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases-is lower among racial/ethnic minorities and low Socio- Economic Status (SES) groups when compared to other populations. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one theoretical model studied to explain and influence individual health behaviors, including FV intake, in middle class populations, but not exclusively in diverse, low SES groups. This cross-sectional study evaluated the utility of select TPB variables to explain intention to consume and intake of FV in this population.

Design: Demographics, BMI, select TPB variables, and FV intake were measured via survey. Bivariate analyses were ...

The Effect Of The Dodd-Frank Act On Non-Metro Cooperative Lenders, Greg Mckee

Cornhusker Economics

Credit availability affects the equilibrium quantity of housing. Lenders incorporated as cooperatives, such as agricultural credit associations (ACA) and credit unions, are aware of their role in offering rural residential real estate loans, facilitating entry into this housing market. In some instances there are few alternatives to cooperative financial institutions for access to mortgages in rural areas. At year -end 2016, credit unions were the only type of financial institution in approximately 275 nonmetropolitan counties nationwide. In some instances other types of financial organizations simply do not offer home finance products in nonmetro locations. Compounding these features of non-metropolitan real ...

Exploring The Utilisation Of Stand Up Paddle Boarding In Australia, Ben Schram, James Furness

James Furness

Stand Up Paddle Boarding (SUP) has grown exponentially in the last few years with unprecedented participation rates globally. Despite some scientific research on physiological and performance variables, minimal information exists regarding participation and utilisation. The purpose of this study was to discover more about how and where people participate in the relatively new sport of SUP. An open-source online survey application was administered internationally to active SUP participants to capture information relevant to both demographics and participation. Of a total of 240 responses, 154 (64.2%) were Australian. The average SUP rider was 42.9 ± 11.7 years, mass 80 ...

Exploring The Utilisation Of Stand Up Paddle Boarding In Australia, Ben Schram, James Furness

Ben Schram

Stand Up Paddle Boarding (SUP) has grown exponentially in the last few years with unprecedented participation rates globally. Despite some scientific research on physiological and performance variables, minimal information exists regarding participation and utilisation. The purpose of this study was to discover more about how and where people participate in the relatively new sport of SUP. An open-source online survey application was administered internationally to active SUP participants to capture information relevant to both demographics and participation. Of a total of 240 responses, 154 (64.2%) were Australian. The average SUP rider was 42.9 ± 11.7 years, mass 80 ...

The Relationship Between Manuscript Title Structure And Success: Editorial Decisions And Citation Performance For An Ecological Journal, Charles W. Fox, C. Sean Burns

C. Sean Burns

A poorly chosen article title may make a paper difficult to discover or discourage readership when discovered, reducing an article's impact. Yet, it is unclear how the structure of a manuscript's title influences readership and impact. We used manuscript tracking data for all manuscripts submitted to the journal Functional Ecology from 2004 to 2013 and citation data for papers published in this journal from 1987 to 2011 to examine how title features changed and whether a manuscript's title structure was predictive of success during the manuscript review process and/or impact (citation) after publication. Titles of manuscripts ...

Functional Trait Values, Not Trait Plasticity, Drive The Invasiveness Of Rosa Sp. In Response To Light Availability, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, Jennifer E. Murphy

Rebecca E. Drenovsky

PREMISE OF THE STUDY : Functional trait plasticity in resource capture traits has been suggested as an underlying mechanism promoting invasive species establishment and spread. Earlier studies on this mechanism treat invasiveness as a discrete characteristic (i.e., invasive vs. noninvasive) and do not consider the potential impacts of evolutionary history. In the present study, we used a continuous measure of invasiveness and a phylogenetic framework to quantify the relationship between functional trait expression, plasticity, and invasiveness in Rosa .

An End-To-End Convolutional Selective Autoencoder Approach To Soybean Cyst Nematode Eggs Detection, Adedotun Akintayo, Nigel Lee, Vikas Chawla, Mark P. Mullaney, Christopher C. Marett, Asheesh K. Singh, Arti Singh, Gregory L. Tylka, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, Soumik Sarkar

Gregory Tylka

Soybean cyst nematodes (SCNs), Heterodera glycines, are unwanted micro-organisms that reduce yields of a major source of food–soybeans. In the United States alone, approximately $1 billion is lost per annum due to cyst nematode infections on soybean plants. Experts have conceived methods of mitigating the losses through phenotyping techniques via SCN eggs density estimation, and then applying the right control measures. Currently, they rely on labor intensive and time-consuming identification of SCN eggs in soil samples processed onto microscopic frames. However, phenotyping a vast array of fields requires automated high-throughput techniques. From an automation perspective, detection of rarely occurring ...

Field Experiments., James Atkinson

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

The season of 1900 was an unusual one throughout. The large rainfall during the growing months was in most respects favorable to plant growth as indicated by the magnificent crops that were harvested, though for the best results in some forms of experimental work, a drier season is essential. For example, an experiment was undertaken to determine the effect of cutting clover in different stages of maturity upon the quantity and quality of the cured hay from two cuttings, but owing to the difficulty in curing on account of wet weather, the results were not ascertained. The favorable conditions of ...