Nutrition Commons^™

Mechanism Of Triglyceride Lowering Action Of Akkermansia Muciniphila And Fenugreek In A Genetic Induced Hyperlipidemia, Jing Shen

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Hyperlipidemia is a condition of abnormally elevated levels of lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood circulation. It is usually accompanied with obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) and has become a great threat to human health. New therapeutic strategies are needed for the prevention and treatment of both genetic intervention-induced hyperlipidemia and environmentally induced hyperlipidemia. In this study, we determined the therapeutic effects of a diseaseprotecting gut bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila, and an annual legume, fenugreek, on hypertriglyceridemia induced by genetic depletion of cAMP responsive binding protein H (CREBH KO) in mice. We found …

Nutrigenomics Study In Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Fed Novel Diets Supplemented With Marine By-Products, Nellie Gagné

2nd International Conference of Fish & Shellfish Immunology

No abstract provided.

Delta Tocotrienol Attenuates Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation Via Inhibition Of Nf-Κb Priming And Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, Teresa Buckner

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Chronic, low-grade inflammation during obesity is associated with the development of metabolic dysfunction. The NLRP3 inflammasome is assembled in response to cellular stressors and leads to cytotoxic cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 production, which implicates the NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory conditions, including type 2 diabetes. Tocotrienols are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory forms of vitamin E. Delta-tocotrienol (dT3) displays NF-κB inhibitory and anti-oxidant abilities, and is easily isolated from the Annatto plant. My primary aim was to determine whether dT3 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and to compare the extent to which dT3 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome with other tocotrienol forms, i.e. alpha-tocotrienol (aT3) and …

Breastfeeding: The Illusion Of Choice, Yeon Bai, Lauren Dinour

Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works

Background

Breastfeeding is frequently described as a woman's decision, yet this choice is often illusionary owing to suboptimal social and structural supports. Despite the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010) that requires all qualifying employers to provide mothers “reasonable” break time and a private, non-bathroom space to express breast milk, the majority of women in the United States still do not have access to both accommodations.

The Problem

At least three issues may be influencing this suboptimal implementation at workplaces: 1) federal law does not address lactation space functionality and accessibility, 2) federal law only …

Malnourished Older Adults With Informal Caregivers Admitted To Rural Rehabilitation Units Remain Malnourished During And After Rehabilitation: A Prospective Cohort Study Of Current Practice, Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Elizabeth Isenring

Skye Marshall

Understanding the nutritional journey older adults make from rehabilitation to home may help to engage and support the patient and their informal caregiver during this process. This study aimed to determine the change in nutritional status, physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) amongst malnourished older adults (≥65years) with informal caregivers admitted to rural rehabilitation and 12 weeks post-discharge to the community.

Malnutrition In Geriatric Rehabilitation: Prevalence, Patient Outcomes And Criterion Validity Of The Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (Pg-Sga) And The Mini Nutritional Assessment (Mna), Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Elizabeth Isenring

Skye Marshall

No abstract provided.

Malnourished Older Adults Admitted To Rehabilitation In Rural New South Wales Remain Malnourished Throughout Rehabilitation And Once Discharged Back To The Community: A Prospective Cohort Study, Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Elizabeth Isenring

Skye Marshall

No abstract provided.

Malnutrition In Geriatric Rehabilitation: Prevalence, Patient Outcomes And Criterion Validity Of The Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (Pg-Sga) And The Mini Nutritional Assessment (Mna), Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Liz Isenring

Skye Marshall

There is strong evidence showing malnutrition is under-recognized and underdiagnosed in the rehabilitation setting. Accurate identification and management of malnutrition is essential so that patient outcomes may be improved and resources used efficaciously.The Scored PG-SGA and MNA require evaluation of their validity in diagnosing malnutrition in rehabilitation. In addition, the prevalence of malnutrition and associated patient outcomes in rural Australian populations has not been reported.

Evaluating The Role Of Intestinal Transporters In Fruit Juice-Drug Interactions, Mandy Mj Li

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Fruit juice-drug interactions (FJDIs) involving non-metabolized oral medications result in decreased drug exposure that may lead to reduced therapeutic efficacy. The effect is thought to be mediated by inhibition of the intestinal drug transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 and 2B1 (OATP1A2 and OATP2B1) by fruit juice constituents, however the exact mechanisms remain controversial. We tested the hypothesis that fruit juices limit the absorption of fexofenadine through interactions with specific intestinal transporters. In vitro transport and fruit juice inhibition studies using fexofenadine, a medication involved in FJDIs, revealed that in addition to previously implicated transporters, organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) …

The Relationship Among Fifth Grade Physical Education Students' Body Size Perception, Fitnessgram Scores, And Physical Activity Level, Ashley N. Cleveland

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Purpose: This study aims to explore the correlation between students’ self-perception of body image and FITNESSGRAM scores, the relationship between children’s body perceptions and their actual body mass index (BMI), and to see if body image in children affects their physical activity level.

Methods: FITNESSGRAM fitness testing protocol and a survey developed for the KidQuest nutrition intervention program by South Dakota State University (SDSU) was used to assess the correlation between students’ (n= 319) self-perception of body image and FITNESSGRAM scores. In addition accelerometers were used to assess the physical activity level of a subsample (n=57) of the …

Nitrate From Drinking Water And Diet And Bladder Cancer Among Postmenopausal Women In Iowa., Rena R Jones, Peter J Weyer, Curt T Dellavalle, Maki Inoue-Choi, Kristin E Anderson, Kenneth P Cantor, Stuart Krasner, Kim Robien, Laura E Beane Freeman, Debra T Silverman, Mary H Ward

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Nitrate is a drinking water contaminant arising from agricultural sources and a precursor in the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC), which are possible bladder carcinogens.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the ingestion of nitrate and nitrite from drinking water and diet and bladder cancer risk in women.

METHODS: We identified incident bladder cancers among a cohort of 34,708 postmenopausal women in Iowa (1986-2010). Dietary nitrate and nitrite intakes were estimated from a baseline food frequency questionnaire. Drinking water source and duration were assessed in a 1989 follow-up. For women using public water supplies (PWS) >10 years (N=15,577), we estimated average …

Obesity Over The Life Course: Perspectives In Health And Mortality, Noura E. Insolera

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation seeks to examine obesity in different contexts throughout the life course. Through empirical analyses, separate stages of the life course are considered: namely childhood through adolescence, young adulthood, and adulthood. By using a life course perspective, it is possible to consider longitudinal and intergenerational approaches to these questions, which will update and inform the current debates surrounding obesity.

Beginning with children, the intergenerational transmission of diet disease knowledge, socioeconomic status, and child health behaviors are considered in their associations with the outcomes of child diet in 2002, and in turn their associations with child obesity in 2007. Information …

Converging On Nutrition Education Competencies: Aligning Library Instruction With Undergraduate Pre-Professional Program Requirements, Lee Ann Fullington, Margrethe Horlyck-Romanovsky, Susan Jakuboski

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Sugar Consumption Alters Perception Of And Response To Stress In Undergraduate Students: Understanding The "Freshmen Fifteen", Katherine M Keever

Honors Theses

Psychological stress is a common part in everyday life that directly affects the body through the nervous system and neuroendocrine hormones. A perceived stressor leads to the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and the synthesis and release of the glucocorticoid hormone cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Studies have linked the release of cortisol during high-stress periods to an increased intake of sugary and fatty foods, consistent with a suspected glucocorticoid-metabolic-brain- negative pathway, with high sugar consumption leading to lower stress and subsequently cortisol levels. In this study, undergraduate students’ diets were supplemented with either a high sugar drink or …

Jumpin’ Jacks: Social Marketing Campaign Aimed To Increase Awareness Of Healthful Behavior In South Dakota Fourth Grade Students, Megan N. Olesen, Kendra Kattelmann, Jessica Meendering, Suzanne Stluka

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

This study investigated the influence of utilizing a collegiate mascot as a marketing tool for the promotion of fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity among 4th grade students. The program utilized service learning and formative research for the development of a social marketing campaign comprised of nutrition education and brand marketing. A pre-test/post-test design was used to measure fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity in participants in intervention and control schools. Awareness and understanding of the campaign was assessed post-intervention. There were no changes in fruit and vegetable intake or physical activity. However, 91% of the intervention students …

Canned Vegetable And Fruit Consumption Is Associated With Changes In Nutrient Intake And Higher Diet Quality In Children And Adults: National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2010, Marjorie Freedman, Victor Fulgoni

Faculty Publications

Background Canned vegetables and fruit (CV+CF) are ubiquitous throughout the food supply. Yet information regarding their specific contribution to nutrient intake and health measures is lacking.Objective The objective of this study was to examine the association of CV+CF with nutrient intake, diet quality, anthropometric indicators of overweight/obesity, and blood pressure in a nationally representative population.Design and participants A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from 17,344 children and 24,807 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2010 was conducted. A dataset was developed that distinguished CV+CF consumers from nonconsumers.Main outcome measures Diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating …

The Impact Of A Smarter Lunchrooms Makeover On Children's Food Choice And Consumption, Polina Zhuzhina

Master's Theses

Childhood obesity has tripled over the past three decades and poses a serious public health problem. The Smarter Lunchrooms Movement aims to increase healthy eating by incorporating low-cost to no-cost alterations to the school lunchroom in an effort to increase consumption of healthier foods, such as fruits and vegetables, by making them more attractive and convenient.

Our study implemented Smarter Lunchrooms interventions at two primarily Hispanic elementary schools in Paso Robles, CA. The interventions focused on increasing the appeal of the salad bars, including installation of age-appropriate signage highlighting fruits and vegetables, as well as branding of fruits and vegetables …

The Influence Of Exclusive Breastfeeding On Growth Trajectory From Birth To Year 5 In A Wic Cohort, Lindsey Arevalos

Master's Theses

OBJECTIVE. The impact of exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) on child body mass index (BMI) from birth through 60 months of age was investigated.

METHODS. 60,190 mothers and children attending Women, Infant and Children (WIC) clinics in the Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties of California provided data on breastfeeding duration, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, and child weight-for-length (WL) was measured at 3 month intervals until 5 years of age. Missing time points were interpolated in determining child BMI/WL z-score trajectories plotted on the Center of Disease Control (CDC) infant and child growth curves. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to contrast …

Cannibal Complex: The Western Fascination With Human Flesh Eating, Devin Bittner

Honors Theses

For centuries, Western explorers, missionaries, and travelers have been bringing home tales of cannibals, which became the earliest documentation of the practice. Modern anthropology, however, has identified a serious concern with such early “documentation” in light of the rise of the ethnographic tradition: the authors of early reports did not consider the contexts in which the events they observed occurred. This thesis, in the anthropology of knowledge tradition, explores the debate over the Western idea of cannibalism by posing the question: why are we so determined to believe that evidence supporting cannibalism reflects an experiential reality, despite abundant proof of …

Characterization Of Extraction Methods To Recover Phenolic-Rich Extracts From Black Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris) That Inhibit Alpha-Amylase And Alpha-Glucosidase Using Response Surface Approaches, Mazen Alharbi

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Black beans contain high phenolic contents that are considered potent antioxidants. Relatively little is known about their ability to inhibit the carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase from releasing glucose from starch and/or disaccharides. The objective of this project was to determine the optimum procedures for extracting total phenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF) and total condensed tannins (TCT) from black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), and then to determine the ability of the phenolic rich extracts to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Due to their high phenolic levels, it was hypothesized that black beans would be an effective inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which …