Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons^™

Data From: A Stochastic Burst Follows The Periodic Morning Peak In Individual Drosophila Locomotion, Stanislav Lazopulo, Juan A. Lopez, Paul Levy, Sheyum Syed

Physics Data Sets

The data is associated to the article A Stochastic Burst Follows the Periodic Morning Peak in Individual Drosophila Locomotion published in PLoS ONE. The full text article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140481

What, If Anything, Is Colored?: Color Perceptions - Color Judgments - Without Color, Olivia Ziegler

Philosophy Honors Papers

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Prenatal Stress On Behaviors Associated With Schizophrenia And Autism Spectrum Disorder., Harold Bauerle

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Disorders such as schizophrenia (SCZ) and austism spectrum disorder (ASD) have long been associated with prenatal stress. In these three experiments, we attempted to correlate stress during gestation with behaviors considered to have good facial validity with SCZ and ASD in both juvenile and adult animals. To differentiate the effects of prenatal stress (PS) from the effects of early life stress due to a dam's behavior (MS), half of offspring animals were cross fostered to dams treated in the alternative condition as the offspring during pregnancy in experiments 2 and 3. In experiment 1, but not in 2 or 3, …

Nicotinic Signaling: Alpha3 Beta4 Heteromers, Alpha5 Subunits, And The Prototoxin Lypd6b, Vanessa Ochoa

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Prototoxin proteins have been identified as members of the Ly6/uPAR super family whose three-finger motif resembles that of α-bungarotoxin. Though they are known to modify the function of nAChRs, their specificity is still unclear. Our lab identified three prototoxin proteins in the chicken ciliary ganglion: Ch3ly, Ch5ly, and Ch6ly. Ch6ly was later identified as prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), and specifically decreased the amount of calcium influx through the homomeric α7 nAChR subtype. I then identifiedCh3ly and Ch5ly as LY6E and LYPD6B, respectively. I focused my attention onLYPD6B because of its expression in the brain. This dissertation tests whether LYPD6Bis …

Lexical Mechanics: Partitions, Mixtures, And Context, Jake Ryland Williams

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Highly structured for efficient communication, natural languages are complex systems. Unlike in their computational cousins, functions and meanings in natural languages are relative, frequently prescribed to symbols through unexpected social processes. Despite grammar and definition, the presence of metaphor can leave unwitting language users "in the dark," so to speak. This is not problematic, but rather an important operational feature of languages, since the lifting of meaning onto higher-order structures allows individuals to compress descriptions of regularly-conveyed information. This compressed terminology, often only appropriate when taken locally (in context), is beneficial in an enormous world of novel experience. However, what …

How Does The Brain Implement Adaptive Decision Making To Eat?, Valérie Compan, B. Timothy Walsh, Walter Kaye, Allan Geliebter

Lander College of Arts and Sciences Publications and Research

Adaptive decision making to eat is crucial for survival, but in anorexia nervosa, the brain persistently supports reduced food intake despite a growing need for energy. How the brain persists in reducing food intake, sometimes even to the point of death and despite the evolution of multiple mechanisms to ensure survival by governing adaptive eating behaviors, remains mysterious. Neural substrates belong to the reward-habit system, which could differ among the eating disorders. The present review provides an overview of neural circuitry of restrictive food choice, binge eating, and the contribution of specific serotonin receptors. One possibility is that restrictive food …

The Neurological Underpinnings Of Hypnosis And Its Clinical Applications, Raizy Leizerowski

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The brain is so complex that it is almost impossible to select one variable as the reason for a specific observation. This paper will discuss the neurological basis of hypnosis, and how hypnosis has made unique contributions to the refinement and development of cognitive neuroscience. In addition, hypnosis has been proven to cure many psychological and neurologically based diseases. Due to in-depth study of the neurological underpinnings of hypnosis, much advancement has been made in elucidating the relationship between the complex neural circuitry of the brain, its direct correlation to consciousness, and both the efferent and afferent neurological systems. New …

Characterization Of Calbindin Positive Interneurons Within The Ventral Horn Of The Mouse Spinal Cord, Taylor L. Floyd, David R. Ladle

Symposium of Student Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities Materials

Sensory-motor circuits in the spinal cord integrate sensory feedback from muscles and modulate locomotor behavior. Although we know how the sensory-motor system generally works, the main issue lies in identifying all neurons involved and understanding their interrelationships. Many interneurons contribute to sensory-motor circuits and have been well studied. For example, Renshaw cells (RC) are inhibitory interneurons that prevent motor neurons from over-activity. A distinguishing feature of RCs is that they are the only interneurons within the ventral-most region of the spinal cord expressing the calcium binding protein calbindin (CB). Recent studies have found other subpopulations of ventral horn interneurons outside …

Elucidating The Role Of Injury-Induced Electric Fields (Efs) In Regulating The Astrocytic Response To Injury In The Mammalian Central Nervous System, Matthew L. Baer, Scott C. Henderson, Raymond J. Colello

Anatomy and Neurobiology Publications

Injury to the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) induces astrocytes to change their morphology, to increase their rate of proliferation, and to display directional migration to the injury site, all to facilitate repair. These astrocytic responses to injury occur in a clear temporal sequence and, by their intensity and duration, can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the repair of damaged CNS tissue. Studies on highly regenerative tissues in non-mammalian vertebrates have demonstrated that the intensity of direct-current extracellular electric fields (EFs) at the injury site, which are 50–100 fold greater than in uninjured tissue, represent a potent signal …

Developmental Remodeling Of Relay Cells In The Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus In The Absence Of Retinal Input, Rana N. El-Danaf, Thomas E. Krahe, Emily K. Dilger, Martha E. Bickford, Michael A. Fox, William Guido

Anatomy and Neurobiology Publications

Background

The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the mouse has been an important experimental model for understanding thalamic circuit development. The developmental remodeling of retinal projections has been the primary focus, however much less is known about the maturation of their synaptic targets, the relay cells of the dLGN. Here we examined the growth and maturation of relay cells during the first few weeks of life and addressed whether early retinal innervation affects their development. To accomplish this we utilized themath5 null (math5−/−) mouse, a mutant lacking retinal ganglion cells and central projections.

Results

The …

Microglia Processes Associate With Diffusely Injured Axons Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury In The Micro Pig, Audrey D. Lafrenaye, Masak Todani, Susan A. Walker, John T. Povlishock

Anatomy and Neurobiology Publications

Background

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is an all too common occurrence that exacts significant personal and societal costs. The pathophysiology of mTBI is complex, with reports routinely correlating diffuse axonal injury (DAI) with prolonged morbidity. Progressive chronic neuroinflammation has also recently been correlated to morbidity, however, the potential association between neuroinflammatory microglia and DAI is not well understood. The majority of studies exploring neuroinflammatory responses to TBI have focused on more chronic phases of injury involving phagocytosis associated with Wallerian change. Little, however, is known regarding the neuroinflammatory response seen acutely following diffuse mTBI and its potential relationship to …

Acetylcholine Release In Mouse Hippocampal Ca1 Preferentially Activates Inhibitory-Selective Interneurons Via Α4Β2* Nicotinic Receptor Activation, L. Andrew Bell, Karen A. Bell, A. Rory Mcquiston

Anatomy and Neurobiology Publications

Acetylcholine (ACh) release onto nicotinic receptors directly activates subsets of inhibitory interneurons in hippocampal CA1. However, the specific interneurons activated and their effect on the hippocampal network is not completely understood. Therefore, we investigated subsets of hippocampal CA1 interneurons that respond to ACh release through the activation of nicotinic receptors and the potential downstream effects this may have on hippocampal CA1 network function. ACh was optogenetically released in mouse hippocampal slices by expressing the excitatory optogenetic protein oChIEF-tdTomato in medial septum/diagonal band of Broca cholinergic neurons using Cre recombinase-dependent adeno-associated viral mediated transfection. The actions of optogenetically released ACh were …

Proteomics: In Pursuit Of Effective Traumatic Brain Injury Therapeutics, Pavel N. Lizhnyak, Andrew K. Ottens

Anatomy and Neurobiology Publications

Effective traumatic brain injury (TBI) therapeutics remain stubbornly elusive. Efforts in the field have been challenged by the heterogeneity of clinical TBI, with greater complexity among underlying molecular phenotypes than initially conceived. Future research must confront the multitude of factors comprising this heterogeneity, representing a big data challenge befitting the coming informatics age. Proteomics is poised to serve a central role in prescriptive therapeutic development, as it offers an efficient endpoint within which to assess post-TBI biochemistry. We examine rationale for multifactor TBI proteomic studies and the particular importance of temporal profiling in defining biochemical sequences and guiding therapeutic development. …

Acetylcholine Release In Mouse Hippocampal Ca1 Preferentially Activates Inhibitory-Selective Interneurons Via Α4Β2* Nicotinic Receptor Activation, L. Andrew Bell, Karen A. Bell, A. Rory Mcquiston

Anatomy and Neurobiology Publications

Acetylcholine (ACh) release onto nicotinic receptors directly activates subsets of inhibitory interneurons in hippocampal CA1. However, the specific interneurons activated and their effect on the hippocampal network is not completely understood. Therefore, we investigated subsets of hippocampal CA1 interneurons that respond to ACh release through the activation of nicotinic receptors and the potential downstream effects this may have on hippocampal CA1 network function. ACh was optogenetically released in mouse hippocampal slices by expressing the excitatory optogenetic protein oChIEF-tdTomato in medial septum/diagonal band of Broca cholinergic neurons using Cre recombinase-dependent adeno-associated viral mediated transfection. The actions of optogenetically released ACh were …

Gabaergic Regulation Of Cerebellar Ng2-Cell Development Is Altered In Perinatal White Matter Injury, Marzieh Zonouzi, Joseph Scafidi, Peijun Li, Brian Mcellin, Jorge Edwards, Jeffrey L. Dupree, Lloyd Harvey, Dandan Sun, Christian A. Hübner, Stuart G. Cull-Candy, Mark Farrant, Vittorio Gallo

Anatomy and Neurobiology Publications

Diffuse white matter injury (DWMI), a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities in preterm infants, is characterized by reduced oligodendrocyte formation. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NG2-cells) are exposed to various extrinsic regulatory signals, including the neurotransmitter GABA. We investigated GABAergic signaling to cerebellar white matter NG2-cells in a mouse model of DWMI (chronic neonatal hypoxia). We found that hypoxia caused a loss of GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic input to NG2-cells, extensive proliferation of these cells and delayed oligodendrocyte maturation, leading to dysmyelination. Treatment of control mice with a GABAA receptor antagonist or deletion of the chloride-accumulating transporter NKCC1 mimicked the effects of hypoxia. …

The Intranasal Delivery Of Dnsp-11 And Its Effects In Animal Models Of Parkinson's Disease, Mallory J. Stenslik

Theses and Dissertations--Neuroscience

A major challenge in developing disease altering therapeutics for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been the delivery of compounds across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to the central nervous system (CNS). While direct surgical infusion has been utilized to deliver compounds to the brain that don’t cross the BBB, issues of poor biodistribution in the CNS due in part to properties of the molecules being delivered and/or infusion device protocols have limited the widespread success of this invasive approach. To avoid the issues of surgically delivering compounds to the CNS, numerous studies have examined the use of intranasal administration …

Body Sensations: Neurobiology, Learning To Feel, And Sensory Teamwork, Gin Mccollum

Gin McCollum

No abstract provided.

"And If Your Friends Jumped Off A Bridge, Would You Do It Too?": How Developmental Neuroscience Can Inform Legal Regimes Governing Adolescents, Michael N. Tennison, Amanda C. Pustilnik

Faculty Scholarship

Legal models of adolescent autonomy and responsibility in various domains of law span a spectrum from categorical prohibitions of certain behaviors to recognitions of total adolescent autonomy. The piecemeal approach to the limited decision-making capacity of adolescents lacks an empirical foundation in the differences between adolescent and adult decision-making, leading to counterintuitive and inconsistent legal outcomes. The law limits adolescent autonomy with respect to some decisions that adolescents are perfectly competent to make, and in other areas, the law attributes adult responsibility and imposes adult punishments on adolescents for making decisions that implicate their unique volitional vulnerabilities. As developmental neuroscientists …

Rare Pride Campaigns: Evaluating Participatory Communication In Conservation Efforts Throughout Indonesia, Lauren Elizabeth Perez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Communication scholars who study international development and social change have found that if facilitators of social change hope to find positive, lasting solutions to complex social and environmental issues, they must incorporate more participatory approaches. However, even the practitioners with the most noble intentions oftentimes fall short of facilitating truly participatory practices because their strategies are the product of linear processes for evaluating the change context. In this study, I apply Lennie and Tacchi's (2014) approach to evaluating communication for development in a case study of Pride Campaigns implemented by managers throughout Indonesia who partnered with the conservation non-governmental organization …

Event Related Potentials In A Two Stimuli Auditory Oddball Task In Concussed College Athletes: A Linguistic Component Replication Study, Christopher Anthony Roosmalen

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Concussions affect an estimated 1.6 to 3.8 million individuals annually and can result in persistent symptoms and cognitive impairments in attention and memory. Concussions are a rising health concern especially in concussion management. Event Related Potentials (ERP) may more accurately assess cognitive recovery making better return to play decisions. In 2013, Sanchez found no significant difference between concussed athletes and non-concussed individuals in the in amplitude of the P300 ERP component using an auditory oddball task consisting of 2 different consonant, vowel (CV) syllables. Because participants were instructed to maintain a mental and verbal count of the target stimuli, a …