Oxidation Of Substituted Catechols At The Air-Water Interface: Production Of Carboxylic Acids, Quinones, And Polyphenols, 2017 University of Kentucky
Oxidation Of Substituted Catechols At The Air-Water Interface: Production Of Carboxylic Acids, Quinones, And Polyphenols, Elizabeth A. Pillar, Marcelo I. Guzman
Chemistry Faculty Publications
Anthropogenic activities contribute benzene, toluene, and anisole to the environment, which in the atmosphere are converted into the respective phenols, cresols, and methoxyphenols by fast gas-phase reaction with hydroxyl radicals (HO(•)). Further processing of the latter species by HO(•) decreases their vapor pressure as a second hydroxyl group is incorporated to accelerate their oxidative aging at interfaces and in aqueous particles. This work shows how catechol, pyrogallol, 3-methylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol, and 3-methoxycatechol (all proxies for oxygenated aromatics derived from benzene, toluene, and anisole) react at the air-water interface with increasing O3(g) during τc ≈ 1 μs contact time and contrasts their …
Human Neuroblastoma Adaptation To Cobalt Chloride-Induced Hypoxia, 2017 Seton Hall University
Human Neuroblastoma Adaptation To Cobalt Chloride-Induced Hypoxia, Conor Mcauliffe
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
Hypoxia is a frequent characteristic of the solid tumor microenvironment, which occurs when cancer cells lack adequate access to oxygen. By selecting for cells that can adapt to and grow in low oxygen conditions, tumor hypoxia contributes to a more aggressive and invasive cancer phenotype that portends a poor clinical outcome. While many aspects of the cellular response to hypoxia have been explored, the roles of some factors have not been fully explained. Cell signaling factors, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), the mu opioid receptor (MOR), and the delta opioid receptor (DOR), as well as changes …
P32. Altered Sensory Processing In Response To Novel Dreadd-Induced Inactivation Of Gaba In Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus, 2017 Western University
P32. Altered Sensory Processing In Response To Novel Dreadd-Induced Inactivation Of Gaba In Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus, Niveen Fulcher
Western Research Forum
Niveen Fulcher1, Cleusa De Oliveira2, & Susanne Schmid1,2
1Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario
2Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario
Altered sensory processing in response to novel DREADD-induced inactivation of GABA in pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
Background: Sensory processing deficits are associated with certain psychiatric illnesses, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sensory filtering and sensorimotor gating are evolutionarily conserved preattentive responses that filter and block redundant sensory stimuli that would otherwise overwhelm our brains. To date, underlying mechanisms of these deficits are undefined. Prepulse …
P35. Investigating The Effect Of Maternal Immune Activation On Sensory Filtering, Social Behaviour And Attention, 2017 Western University
P35. Investigating The Effect Of Maternal Immune Activation On Sensory Filtering, Social Behaviour And Attention, Faraj Haddad
Western Research Forum
Background
Altered brain development is associated with many neuropsychiatric disorders like Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. Environmental insults can interfere with neurodevelopment, and a prominent example is maternal infection during pregnancy. Epidemiological studies show that children born to mothers who were infected during pregnancy display a higher risk of developing ASD and schizophrenia, and this effect is mainly due to the maternal immune response. Polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid (Poly I:C) is a double stranded RNA molecule that mimics viral markers and elicits an immune response. When injected in pregnant rodents, this model produces offspring that exhibit core symptoms of ASD and …
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, 2017 Brigham Young University
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Michael Bradshaw, Jeffrey Brown, Kyril Cole, Whitney Harris, Kody Hasebi, Ysabella Del Rosario, Sara Werner, Bryan Witt, Alonzo Cook
Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference
No abstract provided.
Physical Mechanisms And Biological Consequences Of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Modulation By Fhf Proteins, 2017 The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Physical Mechanisms And Biological Consequences Of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Modulation By Fhf Proteins, Yue Liu
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Purpose: FHFs are cytosolic proteins that bind to voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) and modulate their functions to control membrane excitability. FHFs raise the voltage dependence of NaV fast inactivation to promote excitability, while A isoforms FHF (A-FHFs) also capture open sodium channels into a long-term inactivated (LTI) state to limit excitability. My research has addressed how FHFs balance membrane excitability as it relates to normal and pathological brain functions. Part of this work stemmed from the discovery of a missense FHF1 mutation in patients with severe early onset epilepsy. Methods and Results: Wild-type FHF1A and FHF1B were …
Adaptor Protein 2 (Ap-2) Complex Is Essential For Functional Axogenesis In Hippocampal Neurons, 2017 Kyung Hee University, South Korea
Adaptor Protein 2 (Ap-2) Complex Is Essential For Functional Axogenesis In Hippocampal Neurons, Jae Won Kyung, In Ha Cho, Sukmook Lee, Woo Keun Song, Timothy A. Ryan, Michael B. Hoppa, Sung Hyun Kim
Dartmouth Scholarship
The complexity and diversity of a neural network requires regulated elongation and branching of axons, as well as the formation of synapses between neurons. In the present study we explore the role of AP-2, a key endocytic adaptor protein complex, in the development of rat hippocampal neurons. We found that the loss of AP-2 during the early stage of development resulted in impaired axon extension and failed maturation of the axon initial segment (AIS). Normally the AIS performs two tasks in
concert, stabilizing neural polarity and generating action potentials. In AP-2 silenced axons polarity is established, however there is a …
Regulation Of Human 69-Kda Choline Acetyltransferase Protein Stability And Function By Molecular Chaperones And The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System, 2017 The University of Western Ontario
Regulation Of Human 69-Kda Choline Acetyltransferase Protein Stability And Function By Molecular Chaperones And The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System, Trevor M. Morey
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) mediates synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine required for cholinergic neurotransmission. ChAT mutations are linked to congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS), a rare neuromuscular disorder. One CMS-related mutation, V18M, reduces ChAT enzyme activity and cellular protein levels, and is located within a highly-conserved N-terminal proline-rich motif at residues 14PKLPVPP20. It is currently unknown if this motif regulates ChAT function. In this thesis, I demonstrate that disruption of this proline-rich motif in mouse cholinergic SN56 cells reduces both the protein levels and cellular enzymatic activity of mutated P17A/P19A- and V18M-ChAT. The cellular loss …
Hydrogen Sulfide Regulation Of Kir Channels, 2017 Virginia Commonwealth University
Hydrogen Sulfide Regulation Of Kir Channels, Junghoon Ha
Theses and Dissertations
Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels establish and regulate the resting membrane potential of excitable cells in the heart, brain and other peripheral tissues. Phosphatidylinositol- 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a key direct activator of ion channels, including Kir channels. Gasotransmitters, such as carbon monoxide (CO), have been reported to regulate the activity of Kir channels by altering channel-PIP2 interactions. We tested, in a model system, the effects and mechanism of action of another important gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) thought to play a key role in cellular responses under ischemic conditions. Direct administration of sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), as an exogenous H2S source, …
Characterizing The Role Of Key Planar Cell Polarity Pathway Components In Axon Guidance, 2017 Virginia Commonwealth University
Characterizing The Role Of Key Planar Cell Polarity Pathway Components In Axon Guidance, Grayland W. Godfrey Ii
Theses and Dissertations
An essential process to the development of the neural network of the nervous system is axon guidance. The noncanonical Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity pathway has been identified as an integral component in controlling the projection of axons during axon guidance. Prickle, ROR1 and ROR2 are PCP related proteins that do not have clearly defined roles in the process. This study aims to use zebrafish CoPA neurons as a model to study the roles of Prickle, ROR1, and ROR2 in axon guidance. Using in situ hybridization, morpholino knockdown, and CRISPR/Cas9 loss of function experiments were able to identify ror1, ror2 and …
The Effects Of The Hiv-1 Tat Protein And Morphine On The Structure And Function Of The Hippocampal Ca1 Subfield, 2017 SUNY College at Buffalo
The Effects Of The Hiv-1 Tat Protein And Morphine On The Structure And Function Of The Hippocampal Ca1 Subfield, William D. Marks
Theses and Dissertations
HIV is capable of causing a set of neurological diseases collectively termed the HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND). Worsening pathology is observed in HIV+ individuals who use opioid drugs. Memory problems are often observed in HAND, implicating HIV pathology in the hippocampus, and are also known to be exacerbated by morphine use. HIV-1 Tat was demonstrated to reduce spatial memory performance in multiple tasks, and individual subsets of CA1 interneurons were found to be selectively vulnerable to the effects of Tat, notably nNOS+/NPY- interneurons of the pyramidal layer and stratum radiatum, PV+ neurons of the pyramidal layer, and SST+ neurons …
Alpha-Synuclein: Insight Into The Hallmark Of Parkinson's Disease As A Target For Quantitative Molecular Diagnostics And Therapeutics, 2017 University of Central Florida
Alpha-Synuclein: Insight Into The Hallmark Of Parkinson's Disease As A Target For Quantitative Molecular Diagnostics And Therapeutics, Baggio A. Evangelista
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. With 500,000 individuals currently living with Parkinson’s and nearly 60,000 new cases diagnosed each year, this disease causes significant financial burden on the healthcare system - amassing to annual expenditures totaling 200 billion dollars; predicted to increase through 2050. The disease phenotype is characterized by a combination of a resting tremor, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, and depression due to dopaminergic neuronal death in the midbrain. The cause of the neurotoxicity has been largely discussed, with strong evidence suggesting that the protein, alpha-Synuclein, is a key factor. Under native conditions, …
Structural And Functional Alterations In Neocortical Circuits After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017 Virginia Commonwealth University
Structural And Functional Alterations In Neocortical Circuits After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Michal Vascak
Theses and Dissertations
National concern over traumatic brain injury (TBI) is growing rapidly. Recent focus is on mild TBI (mTBI), which is the most prevalent injury level in both civilian and military demographics. A preeminent sequelae of mTBI is cognitive network disruption. Advanced neuroimaging of mTBI victims supports this premise, revealing alterations in activation and structure-function of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal systems, which are essential for network processing. However, clinical neuroimaging cannot resolve the cellular and molecular substrates underlying such changes. Therefore, to understand the full scope of mTBI-induced alterations it is necessary to study cortical networks on the microscopic level, where neurons …
Oxidative Stress And Proteomic Studies Of Mammalian Models Of Age-Related Metabolic Dysfunction In Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2017 University of Kentucky
Oxidative Stress And Proteomic Studies Of Mammalian Models Of Age-Related Metabolic Dysfunction In Neurodegenerative Disorders, Aaron M. Swomley
Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry
Expression proteomics is the field of science wherein proteins that make up the cellular proteome are identified both by name and by fold-change. Depending on the application of proteomics, this change in level could be due to internal cellular stressors or introduction of xenobiotics. Global oxidative stress measures use immunohistochemistry to determine the relative level of oxidative stress of macromolecules within the cell. In this dissertation, both global oxidative stress measures and expression proteomics were used in a variety of mammalian models in order to determine the effects of protein upregulation, intranasal insulin administration, and resveratrol supplementation on the cellular …
N-Alkyl 4-Methylamphetamine Enantiomers And The Implication For Potential Modulation Of Abuse Liability And Enhancement Of Psychoactive Drug Targeting., 2017 Virginia Commonwealth University
N-Alkyl 4-Methylamphetamine Enantiomers And The Implication For Potential Modulation Of Abuse Liability And Enhancement Of Psychoactive Drug Targeting., Ramsey Sitta
Theses and Dissertations
Drugs of abuse have a long history in humanity. Currently however, a subject of great interest is the phenylalkylamine family of drugs. Not only is the abuse liability of interest but also the potential therapeutic expansion of the capabilities of this family of drugs by utilizing the unique stereospecific effects of the newly discovered hybrid compounds. Based upon prior data of N-Alkyl 4-MA the enantiomers of N-Methyl, N-Ethyl, and N-Propyl were analyzed in hDAT, hNET, and hSERT. It was found that there was a negative correlation between chain length and potency and dopaminergic component. In agreement with the currently established …
Whole Genome Dna Methylation Sequencing Of The Chicken Retina, Cornea And Brain, 2016 James Madison University
Whole Genome Dna Methylation Sequencing Of The Chicken Retina, Cornea And Brain, Isac Lee, Bejan A. Rasoul, Ashton S. Holub, Alannah Lejeune, Raymond A. Enke, Winston Timp
Ray Enke Ph.D.
No abstract provided.
Protein Kinase M Zeta-Mediated Ltp Maintenance In The Non-Human Primate Hippocampus: A Role For Stress And Serotonergic Signaling In Affective Processing, 2016 CUNY Hunter College
Protein Kinase M Zeta-Mediated Ltp Maintenance In The Non-Human Primate Hippocampus: A Role For Stress And Serotonergic Signaling In Affective Processing, Sasha L. Fulton
Theses and Dissertations
Early-Life Stress (ELS) is associated with vulnerability to mood disorder, but it’s not well understood how ELS contributes to deficits in cognitive function. Atypical PKMzeta is critical for LTP maintenance and memory. The current study aims to characterize the ELS phenotype with respect to this key marker of hippocampal LTP.
Pdz Protein Regulation Of Β-Arrestin Recruitment And Gpcr Trafficking, 2016 The University of Western Ontario
Pdz Protein Regulation Of Β-Arrestin Recruitment And Gpcr Trafficking, Sarah Gupta
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
β-arrestins are versatile adaptor proteins that play a vital role in regulation of G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) trafficking and signalling properties. PDZ proteins have previously been shown to modulate β-arrestin2 recruitment and receptor internalization for many GPCRs including Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 (CRFR1), a receptor whose antagonists have been shown to demonstrate both anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. Further characterization of the interplay between β-arrestins and PDZ proteins may aid in determining a potential mechanism for PDZ protein regulation of GPCR trafficking. Our findings suggest that PDZ proteins PSD-95, MAGI1, and PDZK1 complex with β-arrestin2 by interacting via the PDZ …
Mitogen And Morphogen Signaling Dysregulation: Pathophysiological Influence In Pancreatic Cancer And Alzheimer’S Disease, 2016 University of Nebraska Medical Center
Mitogen And Morphogen Signaling Dysregulation: Pathophysiological Influence In Pancreatic Cancer And Alzheimer’S Disease, Eric Cruz
Theses & Dissertations
Although the etiology of a particular disease will vary, there are genetic and epigenetic bottlenecks that frequently converge resulting in dysregulation of mitogenic and morphogenetic signaling. This propensity is acutely experienced in malignancy and neurodegenerative disease.
Here, we have first investigated the role of dysregulated signaling in the context of pancreatic cancer (PC). Morphogenetic signaling has been regarded as a pleiotropic pathway with the potential to promote and inhibit metastatic features. Our investigation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), an archetypical member of the BMP superfamily, has revealed the presence of extracellular, intracellular, and long non-coding RNA products. Our findings …
Maguk Scaffolds Organize A Key Synaptic Complex In Horizontal Cell Processes Contacting Photoreceptors, 2016 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
Maguk Scaffolds Organize A Key Synaptic Complex In Horizontal Cell Processes Contacting Photoreceptors, Alejandro Vila, Ph.D.
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Synaptic processes and plasticity of synapses are mediated by large suites of proteins. In most cases, many of these proteins are tethered together by synaptic scaffold proteins. Scaffold proteins have a large number and typically a variety of protein interaction domains that allow many different proteins to be assembled into functional complexes. As each scaffold protein has a different set of protein interaction domains and a unique set of interacting partners, the presence of synaptic scaffolds can provide insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate synaptic processes. In studies of rabbit retina, we found SAP102 and Chapsyn110 selectively localized in …