Antibiotic Efficacy And Interaction In Escherichia Coli During Varying Nutrient Conditions,
2016
Scripps College
Antibiotic Efficacy And Interaction In Escherichia Coli During Varying Nutrient Conditions, Kristina K. Millar
Scripps Senior Theses
Due to the recent rise in antibiotic resistant pathogens, and the difficulties surrounding the quest for new antibiotics, many researchers have started revisiting antibiotic interactions in hopes of finding new treatment options. The primary outcome of this project was to examine the efficacy of concomitant antibiotic use under varying nutrient conditions, to identify variations in antibiotic interactions. Antibiotic interactions were studied, utilizing E. coli as a model bacterial system, grown in four different media types. E. coli cultures were treated with streptomycin, tobramycin, erythromycin, and amikacin individually and in a pairwise fashion at varying doses. We found that at least …
Relationships Between Fecal Indicator Bacteria And Environmental Factors At Edgewater Beach,
2016
The University of Akron
Relationships Between Fecal Indicator Bacteria And Environmental Factors At Edgewater Beach, Anna M. King
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
To provide more timely estimates of indicator bacteria concentrations in recreational waters, environmental agencies are using predictive models to supplement conventional bacteria enumeration methods. As a tool to develop predictive models, correlational relationships between variables can be examined, to determine the statistical significance of explanatory variables. Prior research at Lake Erie beaches suggests that environmental conditions such as average wave height, rainfall, turbidity, and water temperature may demonstrate a strong relationship to concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis (enterococci). These relationships were examined at Edgewater Beach in Cleveland, Ohio, using statistical correlation tests on data collected …
Characterization Of Insertion Sequence Is605 In Halanaerobium Hydrogeniformans,
2016
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Characterization Of Insertion Sequence Is605 In Halanaerobium Hydrogeniformans, Michael C. Sadler
Masters Theses
"Insertion sequences are the smallest prokaryotic transposable elements. These genes play a significant evolutionary role by promoting genome plasticity. Insertion sequences are highly diverse elements that have largely been uncharacterized. As such, the ability to accurately identify, annotate, and infer genomic impact of insertion sequences is lacking. The study of new insertion sequences contributes knowledge to their annotation and evolution. Halanaerobium hydrogeniformans is a unique organism with an abnormally high number of insertion sequences. A family of insertion sequences, IS200/605, showed several interesting distinctions from other elements in the genome, including severe open reading frame degradation, and was characterized in …
Antibody-Mediated Immunity To Vibrio Cholerae At Epithelial Surfaces,
2016
University at Albany, State University of New York
Antibody-Mediated Immunity To Vibrio Cholerae At Epithelial Surfaces, Kara Jeanette Levinson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera, has an estimated worldwide disease burden in the millions and remains a significant public health threat. Immunity to V. cholerae is primarily antibody-mediated and though V. cholerae colonization evokes a mucosal immune response, it is the secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies produced against bacterial surface antigens, specifically lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that confer protective immunity. SIgA antibodies are thought to function by inhibiting colonization by cross-linking and agglutination of pathogens, thereby limiting access to the epithelium, a process known as immune exclusion. Recent studies in other enteric pathogens have demonstrated that SIgA …
Central, Extraventricular And Atypical Neurocytomas: A Clinicopathologic Study Of 35 Cases From Pakistan Plus A Detailed Review Of The Published Literature,
2016
Aga Khan University
Central, Extraventricular And Atypical Neurocytomas: A Clinicopathologic Study Of 35 Cases From Pakistan Plus A Detailed Review Of The Published Literature, Zubair Ahmad, Nasir Ud Din, Aisha Memon, Mohammad Usman Tariq, Romana Idrees, Sheema Hasan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Background: Central neurocytomas are rare neuronal neoplasms with a favorable prognosis. They are typically located in the lateral ventricles of the brain and mostly histologically correspond to WHO grade II with a Mib 1 labelling index of 2 % and are designated as "atypical neurocytomas.AIM: The aim of our study was to describe the common as well as unusual morphologic features and the role of various immunohistochemical stains in the diagnosis of these rare tumors.MATERIALS AND Methods: We retrieved and reviewed 35 cases diagnosed between 2001 and 2015.Results: Sixty percent of patients were males, and the mean age was 26 …
Errors In Surgical Pathology Reports: A Study From A Major Center In Pakistan,
2016
Aga Khan University
Errors In Surgical Pathology Reports: A Study From A Major Center In Pakistan, Zubair Ahmad, Romana Idrees, Nasir Uddin, Arsalan Ahmed, Saira Fatima
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Background:
Errors in surgical pathology diagnosis can have serious consequences for the patient. Since the final product of a surgical pathology lab is the report, errors can be picked by reviewing reports of cases.AIM: To determine the frequency and types of error in surgical pathology reports of cases signed out in 2014 in a laboratory in Karachi, Pakistan.
Material and Methods:
All surgical pathology reports in which changes were made in the original report after sign out and an amended report was issued were included. Errors included: (1) misinterpretations; (2) missing critical information; (3) erroneous critical information; (4) misidentification; and …
Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Community Analysis: Isco/Isb Coupled Remediation,
2016
Wilfrid Laurier University
Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Community Analysis: Isco/Isb Coupled Remediation, Christopher K. Bartlett
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Improved techniques for remediating groundwater systems are required for the more than 500,000 contaminated sites in North America. Many of these sites are the legacy of historical industrial operations, inappropriate disposal practices and accidental releases. The most widely observed contaminant at many of these sites is petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs). Recently, remediation efforts that involve the sequential application of treatment technologies have gained widespread interest. One specific sequential technology application or treatment train employs the aggressive nature of a chemical oxidation followed by bioremediation for polishing. When persulfate is used as the chemical oxidant its natural degradation by-product is sulfate, an …
Flaviviruses As A Cause Of Undifferentiated Fever In Sindh Province, Pakistan: A Preliminary Report,
2016
Aga Khan University
Flaviviruses As A Cause Of Undifferentiated Fever In Sindh Province, Pakistan: A Preliminary Report, Erum Khan, Joveria Q. Farooqi, Kelli L. Barr, Dhani Prakoso, Amna Nasir, Akbar Kanji, Sadia Shakoor, Faisal Riaz Malik, Rumina Hasan, John A. Lednicky
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Arboviral diseases are expanding worldwide, yet global surveillance is often limited due to diplomatic and cultural barriers between nations. With human encroachment into new habitats, mosquito-borne viruses are also invading new areas. The actual prevalence of expanding arboviruses is unknown in Pakistan due to inappropriate diagnosis and poor testing for arboviral diseases. The primary objective of this study was to document evidence of flavivirus infections as the cause of undifferentiated fever in Pakistan. Through a cooperative effort between the USA and Pakistan, patient exposure to dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was examined in …
Metabolism Of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infected Raw 264.7 Macrophages,
2016
Wright State University
Metabolism Of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infected Raw 264.7 Macrophages, Mary K. Jenkins
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Macrophages are immune cells that phagocytize pathogens and act as antigen presenting cells. Macrophages are critical in regulating the adaptive immune response and play a key role in neutralizing infection. Macrophages exhibit a variety of phenotypes which have different energy requirements. In the case of HSV-1 infection the virus has been shown to alter metabolic processes of its host. Utilizing a XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer the metabolic activity of M0, M1, and M2 (IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10) RAW 264.7 macrophages was quantified for both uninfected cells and in response to HSV-1 infection. The analysis showed uninfected M0 and M2 (IL-4, …
The Expression Of Dopamine-Related Genes And Behavioral Performance In Mice,
2016
Wright State University
The Expression Of Dopamine-Related Genes And Behavioral Performance In Mice, Victoria Lynne Dershem
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While the neurotransmitter dopamine has been well-studied for its role in mood regulation and activation of the intrinsic reward pathway, several psychiatric disorders linked to dopamine are also known to cause memory impairment, a phenomenon which has attracted much less attention. In the current study, whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing was performed, and transcript levels of several dopamine-related genes were compared to results of behavioral assays designed to test spatial and emotional memory, as well as anxiety. The results suggest a positive relationship between expression level of Nurr1, a nuclear receptor known to initiate transcription of genes necessary for dopaminergic signaling, …
Cell Viability, Cytoskeleton Organization And Cytokines Secretion Of Raw 264.7 Macrophages Exposed To Gram-Negative Bacterial Components,
2016
Wright State University
Cell Viability, Cytoskeleton Organization And Cytokines Secretion Of Raw 264.7 Macrophages Exposed To Gram-Negative Bacterial Components, Ali Awadh Alshehri
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Macrophages play an important role in innate immunity by controlling cellular responses. In this study, the effects of gram-negative bacterial components (Flagellin, lipoprotein, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins-A (OMP-A) and peptidoglycan) were determined on cell viability, morphology, cytoskeletal filament and cytokines secretion of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages at 24 hours. The effect of LPS, flagellin and peptidoglycan from gram negative bacteria on viability murine RAW 264.7 macrophages were evaluated using different concentrations (1, 5 and 10 µg/ml). Cells stimulated with LPS displayed ~ 2-fold decrease (P=0.001) in cell viability compared to control cells at 24 hours whereas cells stimulated with …
Determination Of Cyclic-Di-Gmp- Controlled Gene Expression In A Pharmacologically Important Bacterium,
2016
Otterbein University
Determination Of Cyclic-Di-Gmp- Controlled Gene Expression In A Pharmacologically Important Bacterium, Morgan A. Stark
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects
The second messenger molecule cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) regulates a myriad of processes in gram-negative bacteria. However, less is known about the roles it plays in gram-positive bacteria. Differential gene expression in three strains of the gram-positive bacterium, Streptomyces coelicolor, is being studied using RNA sequencing and Real Time PCR to gain insight into c-di-GMP signaling. The rmdA rmdB (regulator of morphology and development) double mutant was compared to the wild type strain known as MT1110. The rmdA and rmdB genes are needed for the formation of aerial mycelium, an important step in the life cycle of Streptomyces coelicolor (Hull …
Discovering New Antibiotics: Bacterial Extracts Separated By Thin-Layer Chromatography Inhibit The Growth Of Staphylococcus,
2016
Ouachita Baptist University
Discovering New Antibiotics: Bacterial Extracts Separated By Thin-Layer Chromatography Inhibit The Growth Of Staphylococcus, Heidi Hughes
Honors Theses
Many bacteria have become resistant to commonly used antibiotics because of antibiotic use in people and animals. Therefore, new antibiotics are needed that will inhibit these resistant bacteria. Bacteria found in soil are a likely source for new antibiotics because of the limited available nutrients found in the soil. We isolated soil bacteria and screened them for antibiotic production against Staphylococcus epidermidids. Methanol extracts were made from entire agar plates of the soil bacteria that inhibited S. epidermidis. These extracts were spotted on a lawn of Staphylococcus aureus; growth inhibition was measured to comfirm that the extracts contained the …
The Characterization Of A Recombinant Virophage Integrase,
2016
University of Texas at El Paso
The Characterization Of A Recombinant Virophage Integrase, Martin Christopher Chacon
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Virophages are satellite-like dsDNA viruses that parasitize giant viruses of the family Mimiviridae. Mavirus is the second virophage discovered that associates with its host virus Cafeteria roenbergensis Virus (CroV). When co-infecting their common host cell Cafeteria roenbergensis, a marine zooplankton that is widely spread throughout the oceans, mavirus will inhibit CroV's replication. In addition, mavirus was shown to share high similarities to the Maverick/Polinton eukaryotic DNA transposons. A coding sequence in mavirus genome (MV02) reveals high homology to retroviral integrases such as those found in HIVs. The putative integrase MV02 is predicted to integrate mavirus DNA into the host genome. …
Correlating Innate Functional Recovery From Stroke Either With Stem Cell Proliferation And/Or Limb Rehabilitation,
2016
Wright State University
Correlating Innate Functional Recovery From Stroke Either With Stem Cell Proliferation And/Or Limb Rehabilitation, Devipriyanka Nagarajan
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
In the present study 10-12 month female rats were examined for functional recovery from stroke and this recovery was compared with the stem cell/progenitor cell proliferation in the brain (which was measured by Ki67). The cell proliferation indicated by Ki67 showed a 6 fold increase in control animals compared to the rehabilitation animals. The contralateral functional recovery in control animals were 46.6% and in the rehabilitation animals were 24.5%. The physical rehabilitation was carried out to determine if limb rehabilitation can promote greater functional recovery. The results showed that when the animals were made to over use their impaired limb …
The Expression Of Major Histocompatibility Class I And Major Histocompatibility Class Ii On Macrophages In The Presence Of Aryl Hydrocarbon Antagonist (Ch-223191),
2016
Wright State University
The Expression Of Major Histocompatibility Class I And Major Histocompatibility Class Ii On Macrophages In The Presence Of Aryl Hydrocarbon Antagonist (Ch-223191), Caitlin Wilson
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Macrophages are crucial for ridding the body of debris and foreign cells. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) also plays a critical role in immunity. This study examined the effect of the AhR on the expression of major histocompatiability complex class I (MHCI) and MHC class II (MHCII) in two murine macrophage cell lines. This study used Raw264.7 and J774A.1 murine macrophage cell lines. The Raw264.7 cells are from male BALB/c mice while the J774A.1 cells are from female BALB/cN mice. The addition of the AhR anatagonist CH-223191 (AhRa) showed that the AhR does not significantly impact MHCI expression. However, MHCII …
The Anti-Apoptotic Effect Of Hsv-1 On Murine Macrophages: Raw 246.7 Murine Macrophage Cell Line,
2016
Wright State University
The Anti-Apoptotic Effect Of Hsv-1 On Murine Macrophages: Raw 246.7 Murine Macrophage Cell Line, Mofeda Abdussalam Alhanghari
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a worldwide pathogen that affects humans and has the ability to establish a latent state of infection in the sensory nerve ganglia after primary infection of epithelial cells (Boutell and Everett, 2003). HSV-1 is a very contagious virus, which can be transmitted from person to person and cause cold sores in the infected person. Rarely, infection can lead to more serious complications, such as encephalitis. Most HSV-1 infections usually occur in childhood with lifelong potential for symptomatic or asymptomatic viral shedding episodes (Looker et al., 2015). HSV- 1 infects 60%-80% of people throughout …
The Expression Of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor In Raw 264.7 Macrophages In The Presence Of Socs1 Peptide And Socs3 Peptide Mimetic And Cells Infected With Hsv-1,
2016
Wright State University
The Expression Of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor In Raw 264.7 Macrophages In The Presence Of Socs1 Peptide And Socs3 Peptide Mimetic And Cells Infected With Hsv-1, Maher Salem Alwethaynani
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Macrophages play a crucial role for our immune system and protect our body from infection. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins negatively regulate cytokine receptor and TLRs. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) also performs an important role in immunity. This study investigated the changes in expression of AhR in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells after the addition of SOCS1 and SOCS3 peptide mimetics and also examined AhR expression in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells before and after the addition of HSV-1 RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell lines which are from male BALB/c mice were used in this study. The addition of the …
Identification Of Protein-Protein Interactions Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Associated Protein Tdp-43,
2016
Wright State University
Identification Of Protein-Protein Interactions Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Associated Protein Tdp-43, Hanoor Sharma
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Multiple mutations are found in some of the proteins associated with ALS, including superoxide dismutase (SOD1), fused in sarcoma (FUS) and trans-activation response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43). TDP-43 is a DNA and RNA binding protein, well conserved, and ubiquitously expressed in all tissues. TDP-43 resides in the nucleus and sometimes shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm. Mutations in TDP-43 leads to mislocalization of TDP-43 to the cytosol where it was ubiqutinated and hyperphosphsorylated, ultimately leading to neuronal cell …
Adeno-Associated Virus-Vegf-165 Mediated Modification Of Adipose Derived Stem Cells For Cell Therapy,
2016
Wright State University
Adeno-Associated Virus-Vegf-165 Mediated Modification Of Adipose Derived Stem Cells For Cell Therapy, Upasana Niyogi
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Chronic wounds have become a major clinical and economic burden in our society. New approaches that accelerate wound healing are desperately needed. Angiogenesis and vascularization play a critical role in healing. One of the essential angiogenic factors that promote the formation of vascular beds is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Moreover, adipose-derived stem cells (ASC), through their regeneration and differentiation properties, may promote healing when transplanted into a wound bed. I have proposed to develop a novel organotypic wound model to facilitate the study of wound healing process. I hypothesize that administration of genetically-modified ASC secreting VEGF via an adeno-associated …
