Dynamics Of Phytoestrogen, Isoflavonoids, And Its Isolation From Stems Of Pueraria Lobata (Willd.) Ohwi Growing In Democratic People's Republic Of Korea,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Dynamics Of Phytoestrogen, Isoflavonoids, And Its Isolation From Stems Of Pueraria Lobata (Willd.) Ohwi Growing In Democratic People's Republic Of Korea, S.-C. Mun, G.-S. Mun
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Four isoflavonoids were isolated from stems of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi growing in Democratic People's Republic of Korea and identified as daidzein (1), genistin (2), daidzin (3), and puerarin (4), structures, which were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis. Isoflavonoids were isolated using silica gel chromatography and purified with organic solvents. Isoflavonoid contents in P. lobata were determined using reliable high-performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that the contents of puerarin and genistin in the roots are higher than those in the stems (6.19% and 0.04% vs. 1.15% and 0.02%), whereas the stems have higher contents of daidzin and daidzein …
Application Of Polymeric Nanoparticles And Micelles In Insulin Oral Delivery,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Application Of Polymeric Nanoparticles And Micelles In Insulin Oral Delivery, M.S. Alai, W.J. Lin, S.S. Pingale
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease in which the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin or the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin therapy has been the best choice for the clinical management of diabetes mellitus. The current insulin therapy is via subcutaneous injection, which often fails to mimic the glucose homeostasis that occurs in normal individuals. This provokes numerous attempts to develop a safe and effective noninvasive route for insulin delivery. Oral delivery is the most convenient administration route. However, insulin cannot be well absorbed orally because of its rapid enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. …
Effects Of Aqueous Extract Of Ruta Graveolens And Its Ingredients On Cytochrome P450, Uridine Diphosphate (Udp)-Glucuronosyltransferase, And Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Phosphate) (Nad(P)H)-Quinone Oxidoreductase In Mice,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effects Of Aqueous Extract Of Ruta Graveolens And Its Ingredients On Cytochrome P450, Uridine Diphosphate (Udp)-Glucuronosyltransferase, And Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Phosphate) (Nad(P)H)-Quinone Oxidoreductase In Mice, Y.-F. Ueng, C.-C. Chen, Y.-L. Huang, I.-J. Lee, C.-H. Yun, Y.-H. Chen, C.-C. Huang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Ruta graveolens (the common rue) has been used for various therapeutic purposes, including relief of rheumatism and treatment of circulatory disorder. To elucidate the effects of rue on main drug-metabolizing enzymes, effects of an aqueous extract of the aerial part of rue and its ingredients on cytochrome P450 (P450/CYP), uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H):quinone oxidoreductase were studied in C57BL/6JNarl mice. Oral administration of rue extract to males increased hepatic Cyp1a and Cyp2b activities in a dose-dependent manner. Under a 7-day treatment regimen, rue extract (0.5 g/kg) induced hepatic Cyp1a and Cyp2b activities and protein levels …
Synthesis And Phototoxicity Of Isomeric 7,9-Diglutathione Pyrrole Adducts: Formation Of Reactive Oxygen Species And Induction Of Lipid Peroxidation,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Synthesis And Phototoxicity Of Isomeric 7,9-Diglutathione Pyrrole Adducts: Formation Of Reactive Oxygen Species And Induction Of Lipid Peroxidation, L. Ma, H. Zhao, Q. Xia, L. Cai, P.P. Fu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are hepatotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic in experimental animals. Because of their widespread distribution in the world, PA-containing plants are probably the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife, and humans. Upon metabolism, PAs generate reactive dehydro-PAs and other pyrrolic metabolites that lead to toxicity. Dehydro-PAs are known to react with glutathione (GSH) to form 7-GSH-(+/-)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (7-GS-DHP) in vivo and in vitro and 7,9-diGS-DHP in vitro. To date, the phototoxicity of GS-DHP adducts has not been well studied. In this study, we synthesized 7-GS-DHP, a tentatively assigned 9-GS-DHP, and two enantiomeric 7,9-diGS-DHP adducts by reaction of dehydromonocrotaline with …
Electrochemical Determination Of Paraquat In Citric Fruit Based On Electrodeposition Of Silver Particles Onto Carbon Paste Electrode,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Electrochemical Determination Of Paraquat In Citric Fruit Based On Electrodeposition Of Silver Particles Onto Carbon Paste Electrode, A. Farahi, M. Achak, Gaini L. El, Mhammedi M.A. El, M. Bakasse
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) modified with silver particles present an interesting tool in the determination of paraquat (PQ) using square wave voltammetry. Metallic silver particle deposits have been obtained via electrochemical deposition in acidic media using cyclic voltammetry. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements show that the silver particles are deposited onto carbon surfaces in aggregate form. The response of PQ with modified electrode (Ag-CPE) related to Ag/CP loading, preconcentration time, and measuring solution pH was investigated. The result shows that the increase in the two cathodic peak currents (Peak 1 and Peak 2), under optimized conditions, was linear …
Formulation Of Essential Oil-Loaded Chitosan-Alginate Nanocapsules,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Formulation Of Essential Oil-Loaded Chitosan-Alginate Nanocapsules, D. Natrajan, S. Srinivasan, K. Sundar, A. Ravindran
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Naturally occurring polymers such as alginate (AL) and chitosan (CS) are widely used in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields in various forms such as nanoparticles, capsules, and emulsions. These polymers have attractive applications in drug delivery because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxic nature. The pharmaceutical applications of essential oils such as turmeric oil and lemongrass oil are well-known, and their active components, ar-turmerone and citral, respectively, are known for their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic properties. However, these essential oils are unstable, volatile, and insoluble in water, which limits their use for new formulations. Therefore, this study focuses on …
Sweet Potato Leaf Extract Inhibits The Simulated In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion Of Native Starch,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Sweet Potato Leaf Extract Inhibits The Simulated In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion Of Native Starch, T.L. Jeng, Y.C. Chiang, C.C. Lai, T.C. Liao, S.Y. Lin, T.C. Lin, J.M. Sung
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Several studies have reported the therapeutic use of caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives in the management of hyperglycemia. This study used a simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model to assess the inhibitory effects of CQA derivatives-rich sweet potato leaf extract (SPLE) and a commercially produced green coffee bean extract (GCBE), each with total polyphenols contents of 452 mg g-1 and 278 mg g-1, respectively, against starch digestion. The changes in the amounts of total polyphenols and total CQA derivatives during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion were also examined. The results indicated that both extracts contained substantial levels of CQA derivatives (136 mg …
The Implementation Of A Hazard Analysis And Critical Control Point Management System In A Peanut Butter Ice Cream Plant,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
The Implementation Of A Hazard Analysis And Critical Control Point Management System In A Peanut Butter Ice Cream Plant, Y.-T. Hung, C.-T. Liu, I.-C. Peng, C. Hsu, R.-C. Yu, K.-C. Cheng
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
To ensure the safety of the peanut butter ice cream manufacture, a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan has been designed and applied to the production process. Potential biological, chemical, and physical hazards in each manufacturing procedure were identified. Critical control points for the peanut butter ice cream were then determined as the pasteurization and freezing process. The establishment of a monitoring system, corrective actions, verification procedures, and documentation and record keeping were followed to complete the HACCP program. The results of this study indicate that implementing the HACCP system in food industries can effectively enhance food safety …
A Review On The Analysis Of Ingredients With Health Care Effects In Health Food In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
A Review On The Analysis Of Ingredients With Health Care Effects In Health Food In Taiwan, P.-W. Wu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This review article discusses the analysis of ingredients with health care effects in health food in Taiwan. The top 10 items on the list of registered health food products up to 2014 in Taiwan are described, including monocolin K, ω-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), β-glucans, inulin, catechins, oligosaccharides, resistant maltodextrin, amino acids, medium chain fatty acids, and polysaccharides. Some analytical methods for the analysis of ingredients with health care effects are announced to the public on the website of health food section of the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration for the application and the postmarket surveillance of …
Anthocyanin-Rich Tea Sunrouge Upregulates Expressions Of Heat Shock Proteins In The Gastrointestinal Tract Of Icr Mice: A Comparison With The Conventional Tea Cultivar Yabukita,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Anthocyanin-Rich Tea Sunrouge Upregulates Expressions Of Heat Shock Proteins In The Gastrointestinal Tract Of Icr Mice: A Comparison With The Conventional Tea Cultivar Yabukita, A. Murakami, A. Nesumi, M. Maeda-Yamamoto, H. Yamaguchi, K. Yashima, M. Miura, T. Nakano, K. Nekoshima
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Sunrouge is an anthocyanin-rich, new tea cultivar that contains similar levels of catechins as Yabukita, the most popular tea cultivar consumed in Japan. Interestingly, Sunrouge preparations have previously been shown to have more pronounced acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and anticolitis activities than those of Yabukita. In this study, we examined their effects on expressions of self-defensive molecules, including heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are molecular chaperones involved in homeostasis and longevity. Hot water extract from freeze-dried Sunrouge significantly upregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of HSP40, HSP70, and HSP32 (heme oxygenase-1), with grades greater than those shown by Yabukita. Oral administration of freeze-dried …
Effect Of Storage Time On Metabolite Profile And Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Of Cosmos Caudatus Leaves - Gcms Based Metabolomics Approach,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effect Of Storage Time On Metabolite Profile And Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Of Cosmos Caudatus Leaves - Gcms Based Metabolomics Approach, N. Javadi, F. Abas, A. Mediani, Hamid A. Abd, A. Khatib, S. Simoh, K. Shaari
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Cosmos caudatus, which is a commonly consumed vegetable in Malaysia, is locally known as "Ulam Raja". It is a local Malaysian herb traditionally used as a food and medicinal herb to treat several maladies. Its bioactive or nutritional constituents consist of a wide range of metabolites, including glucosinolates, phenolics, amino acids, organic acids, and sugars. However, many of these metabolites are not stable and easily degraded or modified during storage. In order to investigate the metabolomics changes occurring during post-harvest storage, C. caudatus samples were subjected to seven different storage times (0 hours, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 …
Effects Of Extracts From Gynura Bicolor (Roxb. & Willd.) Dc. On Iron Bioavailability In Rats,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effects Of Extracts From Gynura Bicolor (Roxb. & Willd.) Dc. On Iron Bioavailability In Rats, C.-C. Wu, W.-L. Chang, C.-H. Lu, Y.-P. Chang, J.-J. Wang, S.-L. Hsieh
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Gynura bicolor (Roxb. & Willd.) DC. is widely distributed in certain areas of Asia and is very popular in vegetarian cuisine in Taiwan. This study investigates the effects of G. bicolor extracts with different polarities of 80 mg/kg body weight (BW) G. bicolor alcohol extract, 80 mg/kg BW G. bicolor water extract, and 80 mg/kg BW G. bicolor ether extract on Fe bioavailability using the hemoglobin repletion efficiency assay. Wistar rats were assigned to five groups: a group receiving an iron-deficient (ID) diet; a group receiving an ID diet supplemented with ferrous sulfate (20 mg Fe/kg BW); and three groups …
Simultaneous Determination Of Some Common Food Dyes In Commercial Products By Digital Image Analysis,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Simultaneous Determination Of Some Common Food Dyes In Commercial Products By Digital Image Analysis, M.-H. Sorouraddin, M. Saadati, F. Mirabi
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A simple and relatively fast image-analysis method using digital images, obtained with a flatbed scanner, has been described. The method was used for the simultaneous determination of four common food dyes, namely, carmoisine, brilliant blue, sunset yellow, and quinoline yellow, in binary mixtures in commercial products without a need for any prior separation steps. The results obtained were validated against a standard high-performance liquid chromatography method and a good agreement was obtained. The parameters affecting the experimental results were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the method provided acceptable linear ranges (20-250 mg/L) with correlation coefficients higher than 0.998, suitable precision …
Effective Extraction Method Through Alkaline Hydrolysis For The Detection Of Starch Maleate In Foods,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effective Extraction Method Through Alkaline Hydrolysis For The Detection Of Starch Maleate In Foods, C.-F. Tsai, G.-Y. Wu, C.-H. Kuo, Y.-W. Lin, C.-H. Chang, S.-H. Tseng, Y.-M. Kao, L.-C. Chiueh, T.-J. Lu, D.Y.-C. Shih
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of maleic acid which was released from starch maleate (SM) through the alkaline hydrolysis reaction. The proper alkaline hydrolysis conditions and LC separation are reported in this study. The starch samples were treated with 50% methanol for 30 minutes, and then hydrolyzed by 0.5N KOH for 2 hours to release maleic acid. A C18 column and gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.1% phosphoric acid and methanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/minute were used for separation. The method showed a good linearity in the range of 0.01-1.0 ìg/mL, …
Recent Developments In Blood Glucose Sensors,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Recent Developments In Blood Glucose Sensors, H.-C. Wang, A.-R. Lee
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Diabetes has recently become a leading cause of death worldwide. To date, although there is no means to cure or prevent diabetes, appropriate medication and blood sugar monitoring can enhance treatment efficiency, alleviate the symptoms, and diminish the complications of the condition. This review article deals with current growth areas in the market for blood glucose sensors and possible future alternatives, which are generally considered to be the point sample test and the continuous glucose monitor (CGM). Most glucose sensors are enzyme-based, whereas others are enzyme-free. The former class is sensitive and some products are extensively employed for daily self-sensing …
Effects Of Enzymatic Extraction On Anthocyanins Yield Of Saffron Tepals (Crocos Sativus) Along With Its Color Properties And Structural Stability,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effects Of Enzymatic Extraction On Anthocyanins Yield Of Saffron Tepals (Crocos Sativus) Along With Its Color Properties And Structural Stability, L. Lotfi, A. Kalbasi-Ashtari, M. Hamedi, F. Ghorbani
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
An aqueous solution of Pectinex (containing cellulase, hemicellulase, and pectinase) at 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7%, and 10% concentrations and 40°C was used to extract anthocyanins (Acys) of saffron tepals at 20, 40, 60, 120 and 180 min reaction times and compared with ethanol solvent under similar conditions. The Acys of the Pectinex solution reached 6.7 mg/g of tepal powder (∼40% more than the ethanol method) when the enzyme concentrations and extraction times were, respectively, 5% and 60 min. The Acys of aqueous enzymes had three times slower degradation rates and 50% more attractive chroma color than the ones recovered by …
The Effects Of Methadone Maintenance Treatment On Heroin Addicts With Response Inhibition Function Impairments: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
The Effects Of Methadone Maintenance Treatment On Heroin Addicts With Response Inhibition Function Impairments: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials, L. Yang, Q. Xu, S. Li, X. Zhao, L. Ma, Y. Zheng, J. Zhang, Y. Li
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Response inhibition has been a core issue in addictive behavior. Many previous studies have found that response inhibition abilities are damaged in those with drug dependence. However, whether heroin addicts who are treated with methadone maintenance have an abnormal response inhibition ability is not clear. In order to investigate the response inhibition functions in heroin addicts who were treated with methadone maintenance, electroencephalography (EEG) was used to examine 14 heroin addicts treated with methadone maintenance (HDM), 17 heroin addicts (HD), and 18 healthy controls (HC) in an equiprobability Go-NoGo task. The reaction times (RTs) for the Go stimuli in the …
Simultaneous Determination Of 2 Aconitum Alkaloids And 12 Ginsenosides In Shenfu Injection By Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With A Photodiode Array Detector With Few Markers To Determine Multicomponents,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Simultaneous Determination Of 2 Aconitum Alkaloids And 12 Ginsenosides In Shenfu Injection By Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With A Photodiode Array Detector With Few Markers To Determine Multicomponents, A.-H. Ge, J. Li, S. Donnapee, Y. Bai, J. Liu, J. He, E.-W. Liu, L.-Y. Kang, X.-M. Gao, Y.-X. Chang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A method with few markers to determine multicomponents was established and validated to evaluate the quality of Shenfu injection by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector. The separations were performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 × 50 mm2, 1.7 μm) column. Methanol and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution were used as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. 2 aconitum alkaloids and 12 ginsenosides could be perfectly separated within 15 minutes. Ginsenoside Rg1 and benzoylmesaconine, the easily available active components, were employed as the maker components to calculate the relative correction factors of …
Hepatoprotective Effects Of Kaempferol 3-O-Rutinoside And Kaempferol 3-O-Glucoside From Carthamus Tinctorius L. On Ccl4-Induced Oxidative Liver Injury In Mice,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Hepatoprotective Effects Of Kaempferol 3-O-Rutinoside And Kaempferol 3-O-Glucoside From Carthamus Tinctorius L. On Ccl4-Induced Oxidative Liver Injury In Mice, Y. Wang, C. Tang, H. Zhang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a traditional medicinal and edible herb with a long history of use in China. In this study, a model of hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice was used to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (K-3-R) and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (K-3-G), two kaempferol glycosides isolated from C. tinctorius L. K-3-R and K-3-G, at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, were given orally to male mice once/d for 7 days before they received CCl4 intraperitoneally. Our results showed that K-3-R and K-3-G treatment increased the level of total protein (TP) and prevented the …
Reactivity And Stability Of Selected Flavor Compounds,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Reactivity And Stability Of Selected Flavor Compounds, M. Weerawatanakorn, J.-C. Wu, M.-H. Pan, C.-T. Ho
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Flavor is the most important aspect of food. Based on the complex matrix of the food system and the flavor structure themselves, one important factor that plays a key role in the quality attribute of food is flavor stability. Not surprisingly, there is a large volume of published research investigating the stability of different food flavor compounds, since understanding flavor stability is crucial to creating greater awareness of dietary flavor application. This review presents a variety of factors that are thought to be involved in the stability of several selected important flavor compounds and the approach to improve the stability …
