Microtaxonomy Of Fragmenting Enchytraeus Species Using Molecular Markers, With A Comment On Species Complexes In Enchytraeids,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Microtaxonomy Of Fragmenting Enchytraeus Species Using Molecular Markers, With A Comment On Species Complexes In Enchytraeids, Rut Collado, Eva Hass-Cordes, Ruediger Schmelz
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Populations of Enchytraeus that reproduce by fragmentation are distributed worldwide, but their species-level taxonomy is unresolved because morphological differences are inconclusive. Therefore, we compared the isozyme and RAPD-PCR patterns of 5 populations of fragmenting enchytraeids from widely distant localities (Japan, Iran, Greece, and Brazil). Among these populations, 3 were identified (E. japonensis, E. bigeminus, and E. dudichi) and 2 were unidentified. Multiple isozyme bands suggested polyploidy in all investigated populations. In all RAPD-PCR algorithms except 1, the fragmenting group formed a cluster separate from 2 nonfragmenting Enchytraeus species. All 5 populations were clearly separable on the levels of protein and …
Phylogeny Of Basal Descendants Of Cocoon-Forming Annelids (Clitellata),
2012
TÜBİTAK
Phylogeny Of Basal Descendants Of Cocoon-Forming Annelids (Clitellata), Martin Lindsey Christoffersen
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Molecular analyses have been unsuccessful in placing the clitellates among annelids. Available morphological characters are ordered into congruent transformation series according to Hennigian principles. Orbiniidae is chosen as the outgroup. I propose the following phylogeny [number of apomorphies within brackets]: (Clitellata sensu lato [6] (Questidae [6] + Apodadrilida, new [2] (Parergodrilidae [3] (Stygocapitella [3] + Parergodrilus [4]) + Oligochaeta [7] (Aphanoneura [2] (Aeolosomatidae [2] + Potamodrilidae [3]) + Dorsopharyngea, new [7] (Hrabeiellidae, new [6] + Euclitellata [5])))). Worms with ring-like clitella surrounding the body almost completely are herein renamed Euclitellata. Clitellata is expanded to include all annelids that, in addition …
About The Scientific Names Of Paraphyletic Taxa,
2012
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About The Scientific Names Of Paraphyletic Taxa, Tarmo Timm
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The 'naturality' of monophyletic taxa in comparison with that of paraphyletic ones is discussed, with examples from Clitellata. Regular scientific names for paraphyletic taxa are inevitable in a workable biological classification.
A General Review Of Parasitic Annelida (Hirudinea) Recorded From Different Habitats And Hosts In Turkey,
2012
TÜBİTAK
A General Review Of Parasitic Annelida (Hirudinea) Recorded From Different Habitats And Hosts In Turkey, Nai̇me Arslan, Ahmet Öktener
Turkish Journal of Zoology
To date, parasitic leech species have not been intensively studied in Turkey, and studies on the leeches of Turkey have concentrated primarily on lakes. According to literature data, a total of 13 parasitic leech species (3 species from marine fish, 8 species from freshwater fish, 1 species from brackish water fish, and 1 species from aquarium fish) have been recorded in different parts of Turkey. Interest in this group has increased during the last 2 decades, but a large part of the Turkish freshwater habitats remains to be studied with regard to the parasitic leech species. In this study, information …
Spatial And Temporal Variation Of Echinoderm Assemblages From Soft Bottoms Of The Çanakkale Strait (Turkish Strait System) With A Taxonomic Key Of The Genus Amphiura (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), Herdem Aslan Ci̇hangi̇r, Maria Antonietta Pancucci-Papadopoulou
Turkish Journal of Zoology
This study deals with the structure of echinoderm assemblages and their relationships with the biotic and abiotic conditions in the Çanakkale Strait in 2006 and 2007. A total of 25 echinoderm species were found, 4 species of which [Amphiura securigera (Düben & Koren, 1846); Amphiura lacazei Guille, 1976; Amphiura cherbonnieri Guille, 1972; and Thyone fusus (O.F. Müller, 1776)] were new records for Turkish fauna; 1 species [Ophiopsila annulosa (M. Sars, 1859)] was new for the Turkish Strait System; and 22 species were first reports for the Çanakkale Strait. Echinocyamus pusillus (O.F. Müller, 1776), Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1829), and Ophiothrix …
Fecal Ciliate Composition Of Cypriot Domestic Horses (Equus Caballus Linnaeus, 1758),
2012
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Fecal Ciliate Composition Of Cypriot Domestic Horses (Equus Caballus Linnaeus, 1758), Bayram Göçmen, Gözde Gürelli̇, Burk A. Dehority
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The species composition and distribution of large intestinal ciliates was investigated in feces from 5 Cypriot domestic horses living in Northern Cyprus. We identified 9 ciliate genera and 11 species. This is the first report on intestinal ciliates in Cypriot domestic horses, and no endemic species were observed. The genera Cycloposthium, Spirodinium, and Paraisotricha occurred in all animals. The mean number of ciliates was (5.5 ± 4.4) × 10^4 cells mL^-^1 of feces and the mean number of ciliate species per host was 7.2 ± 1.5. The characteristics of the domestic horse ciliates were almost identical to those reported in …
Helminth Parasites Of The Lemon-Yellow Tree Frog, Hyla Savignyi (Hylidae), From Turkey,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Helminth Parasites Of The Lemon-Yellow Tree Frog, Hyla Savignyi (Hylidae), From Turkey, Hi̇kmet Sami̇ Yildirimhan, Nurhan Sümer, Sezen İncedoğan, Charles Robert Bursey
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Forty lemon-yellow tree frogs, Hyla savignyi, collected from Kırıkhan, Turkey (25 in April 2009, 15 in April 2010), were examined for helminths, and 21 frogs were found to be infected. One species of Monogenea (Polystoma integerrimum), 3 species of Digenea (Diplodiscus subclavatus, Halipegus kessleri, and Pleurogenoides medians), 1 species of Cestoda (Nematotaenia dispar), and 2 species of Nematoda (Aplectana brumpti and Cosmocerca commutata) were found. Hyla savignyi represents a new host record for Polystoma integerrimum, Diplodiscus subclavatus, Halipegus kessleri, Pleurogenoides medians, Aplectana brumpti, and Cosmocerca commutata.
A New Species Of Piaroa Villarreal, Giupponi & Tourinho, 2008 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) From Colombia,
2012
TÜBİTAK
A New Species Of Piaroa Villarreal, Giupponi & Tourinho, 2008 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) From Colombia, Osvaldo Villarreal Manzanilla, Luis Fernando García
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Piaroa guipongai sp. nov. is described based on specimens found in a secondary forest in the department of Tolima, Colombia, representing the third species of Piaroa Villarreal, Giupponi & Tourinho, 2008, and the first from this country. It shares with P. virichaj Villarreal, Giupponi & Tourinho, 2008 the shape and size of the male flagellum and the presence of a conspicuous ventral tubercle in the femur; however, like P. bijagua Armas & Víquez, 2009, it has a larger guard tooth on the chelicerae. When captured, the male holotype emitted an acetic acid secretion, as was previously observed with only 2 …
Diet Composition Of Myotis Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) In Western Poland: Results Of Fecal Analyses,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Diet Composition Of Myotis Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) In Western Poland: Results Of Fecal Analyses, Agnieszka Graclik, Oskar Wasielewski
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The diet of greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) was investigated by analysis of 900 droppings taken from 8 different bat colonies in western Poland. Three taxonomic orders (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera) and representatives of 2 other groups of arthropods (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae and Arachnida: Araneae) were identified in the droppings. Coleoptera was the most abundant prey found in fecal samples in all seasons. Study sites differed significantly in the composition of prey, which probably reflects the local foraging conditions for M. myotis.
Aspects Of Biology Of The Deep-Water Pandalid Shrimp Plesionika Martia (A. Milne-Edwards, 1883) From Sığacık Bay (Eastern Mediterranean), Cengi̇z Koçak, Murat Özbek, Zafer Tosunoğlu
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Some aspects concerning the reproduction, growth, and population dynamics of Plesionika martia were studied. Individuals were collected monthly between May 2008 and April 2009 during surveys conducted using a commercial trawl vessel. Samples were collected from Sığacık Bay (Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean) at depths ranging from 494 to 550 m. A total of 2110 individuals (766 males and 1344 females) were caught during these monthly surveys. The carapace length (CL) of the males ranged from 12.4 to 22.1 mm, and in females the CL ranged between 11.5 and 24.9 mm. The values of both CL and weight in females consistently …
The Seasonality Of Group Size And Group Composition Of Sand Partridge (Ammoperdix Heyi Heyi Temminck, 1825) In The Ibex Reserve, Saudi Arabia, Torsten Wronski
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The seasonality of group size and composition in sand partridges was studied at the Ibex Reserve in central Saudi Arabia. Mean group size and flock encounter rate were significantly related to rainfall and temperature. During winter and the breeding season (March to April), the encounter rate on the valley floors was distinctly lower than that observed during summer. Although encounter rates did not differ significantly between valleys, sand partridges were more likely to be encountered in narrow, stony valleys. Correcting for valley width, encounter rates did not differ between valleys. Male and female encounter rates were constant throughout the reserve, …
Morphological And Histological Effects Of Copper Sulfate On The Larval Development Of Green Toad, Bufo Viridis,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Morphological And Histological Effects Of Copper Sulfate On The Larval Development Of Green Toad, Bufo Viridis, Mert Gürkan, Si̇bel Hayretdağ
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Declines in populations of amphibians have been occurring more dramatically over the past 25 years. The declines have various causes. One of the possible causes of amphibian declines is pesticides. Copper sulfate is commonly used as a fungicide in vineyards and gardens in Turkey. In this study, our purpose was to explain the morphologically and histologically acute toxic effects of copper sulfate on Bufo viridis tadpoles. B. viridis tadpoles at Gosner stage 21 were exposed to different concentrations (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/L) of copper sulfate for 120 h. The LC_5_0 value of copper sulfate was calculated as 0.058 mg/L. …
Investigation Of The Histological Development Of The Frontal Ganglion In Locusta Migratoria L. 1758 (Orthoptera, Acrididae),
2012
TÜBİTAK
Investigation Of The Histological Development Of The Frontal Ganglion In Locusta Migratoria L. 1758 (Orthoptera, Acrididae), Meltem Kumaş, Hati̇ce Karaki̇şi̇
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The frontal ganglion plays a critical role in insect feeding and molting-related behaviors. It is present in all insect orders at all developmental stages. In this study, the histological development of the frontal ganglion of Locusta migratoria, the African migratory locust, was investigated. Ganglia were dissected at 3 distinct developmental stages and their histological structure was evaluated at the light microscope level. The development of the cells generating the ganglion in the first and fifth nymphal stages and in adults was determined using the variance analysis method. Total width and length of the ganglion cells as well as width and …
The Combined Effects Of Salinity And Temperature On The Egg Hatching Rate, Incubation Time, And Survival Until Protozoal Stages Of Metapenaeus Monoceros (Fabricius) (Decapoda: Penaeidae), Mevlüt Aktaş, Nuran Çavdar
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The combined effects of 3 different temperatures (24, 28, and 32 °C) and salinity levels (35, 40, and 45 g L^{-1}) on the egg hatching rate, incubation time, larval activity, and survival rate until protozoal (PZ1) stage of Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius) were investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. The average fertilization rate was 97.25% following spawning. The eggs were stocked in 2-L glass larval culture flasks and received 1 of 9 salinity and temperature combinations in 3 replicates. The eggs hatched in all treatments. Temperature, salinity, and their interaction had significant influences on the hatching rate of the eggs (P < 0.05). The hatching rate decreased as salinity increased and was lowest in all temperature levels at a salinity of 45 g L^{-1}. With regard to the hatching rate, the best combinations were obtained at 35 g L^{-1} and 32 °C (91.67%) and at 35 g L^{-1} and 28 °C (89.17%). The incubation time was shorter at 32 °C (11.2 h) than at 28 °C (14 h) or 24 °C (17.2 h). The development rate from the naupliar stage to the protozoal stage was best at a salinity level of 35 g L^{-1} combined with temperatures of 28 °C and 32 °C. Larval activity was also found to be best at 28 °C and 32 °C at 35 g L^{-1} and 40 g L^{-1}, as compared to that at 24 °C in all salinity levels.
Nucleolar Organizer Regions In Mesocricetus Brandti (Nehring, 1898) (Mammalia: Rodentia) From The Yozgat And Tokat Provinces Of Turkey, Nursel Baydemi̇r
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Mesocricetus brandti possesses a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 42, a fundamental number of NF = 82, and a fundamental number of autosomal arms of NFa = 78. The chromosome set consists of 17 meta-submetacentric pairs, 2 subtelocentric pairs, and 1 acrocentric pair. The X chromosome is large and metacentric while the Y is medium-sized and metacentric. The nucleolar organizer regions were located at the telomeric region of 7 biarmed autosomes and at the centromeric region of 1 acrocentric autosome.
A New Genus And Species For Turkish Fauna: Zeiraphera Isertana (Fabricius, 1794) (Lep.: Tortricidae),
2012
TÜBİTAK
A New Genus And Species For Turkish Fauna: Zeiraphera Isertana (Fabricius, 1794) (Lep.: Tortricidae), Mustafa Özdemi̇r, Ayşe Özdem
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, Zeiraphera isertana (Fabricius, 1794) is newly recorded among Turkish Tortricidae fauna. This is the first record of the genus Zeiraphera Treirschke, 1829 from Turkey. The specimens were collected from cherry trees in Afyonkarahisar Province during 2008. Collection was done via bait traps used for the control of Tortricidae pest moths. Both male genitalia and imago were depicted.
The Conservation Genetics Of Three Cave-Dwelling Bat Species In Southeastern Europe And Anatolia,
2012
TÜBİTAK
The Conservation Genetics Of Three Cave-Dwelling Bat Species In Southeastern Europe And Anatolia, İbrahi̇m Raşi̇t Bi̇lgi̇n
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Genetic data from populations are currently being used in order to assess the conservation status of various species. In this study, the conservation implications of the genetic structure of 3 cave-dwelling bat species in southeastern Europe and Anatolia are discussed. These species are the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), the bent-winged bat (Miniopterus schreibersii), and the long-fingered bat (Myotis capaccinii). The conservation status of the species is evaluated using 3 conservation unit approaches, specifically evolutionarily significant unit and management unit definitions and population aggregation analysis. These approaches are implemented simultaneously for the first time for any species in Turkey, through …
Spatial And Temporal Variations In The Species Composition And Abundance Of Benthic Molluscs Along 4 Rocky Shores Of Karachi,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Spatial And Temporal Variations In The Species Composition And Abundance Of Benthic Molluscs Along 4 Rocky Shores Of Karachi, Solaha Rahman, Sohail Barkati
Turkish Journal of Zoology
A total of 97 species of macromolluscs were collected from 4 rocky beaches (Manora, Buleji, Nathiagali, and Cape Monze) along the Karachi coast from December 1993 to December 1995. More species were recorded from Buleji (68) and Manora (63) than from Nathiagali (55) and Cape Monze (57). Gastropods dominated at all 4 of the sites studied. Four species were commonly abundant at all 4 sites: Turbo coronatus, Nerita albicilla, Morula granulata, and Cerithium rubus. The average number of species decreased with an increase in the tidal heights at Manora, Buleji, and Nathiagali, whereas this was greater in the high tidal …
Effects Of Temperature On The Host Preference Of Pine Processionary Caterpillar Thaumetopoea Wilkinsoni Tams, 1924 (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), Kahraman İpekdal, Seli̇m Süalp Çağlar
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The work reported here analyzes the effects of temperature on host consumption and preference of eastern pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Nest censuses were taken in the field and food choice tests were conducted in the laboratory. Two pine species (Pinus nigra and P. brutia) were considered. Caterpillars hatched on both pine species were collected and included in experiments that were conducted under 4 different temperature regimes (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C). Needles of both pine species were offered as food. Results showed that increasing the temperature caused an increase in the feeding amount of the caterpillars …
Determination Of Optimum Temperature And Photoperiod For Mass Production Of Oxya Hyla Hyla (Serville),
2012
TÜBİTAK
Determination Of Optimum Temperature And Photoperiod For Mass Production Of Oxya Hyla Hyla (Serville), Mousumi Das, Arijit Ganguly, Parimalendu Haldar
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Insects are natural food for many vertebrates. Being nutritionally rich, acridids can be used to produce high quality feed for livestock industries. For a sustainable supply for the feed manufacturing companies, a huge acridid biomass must be obtained on a regular basis. Therefore, for successful acridid farming, a laboratory rearing system in semi-controlled conditions is proposed to produce a huge acridid biomass. Experiments were conducted to determine a favorable temperature and photoperiod for rearing the chosen multivoltine species, i.e. Oxya hyla hyla. For this purpose nymphal mortality, growth rate, fecundity, fertility, and adult dry weight were determined. The results revealed …
