Meat Science Commons^™

Effects Of Administration Of A Growth Promoting Implant During The Suckling Phase Or At Weaning On Growth, Reproduction, And Ovarian Development In Replacement Heifers Grazing Native Range, Shelby L. Rosasco, Emily A. Melchior-Tiffany, Cierrah J. Kassetas, Shad H. Cox, Richard L. Dunlap, Jennifer A. Hernandez Gifford, Eric J. Scholljegerdes, Robert A. Cushman, Adam F. Summers

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center

Management strategies utilized during pre-breeding development of replacement heifers can impact fertility and the ovarian reserve. Angus- Hereford crossbred heifers (n = 233) were utilized over a 3-yr period to determine the effects of administration of a growth promoting implant at either branding or weaning on growth, reproduction, and ovarian development. Heifer calves were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) nonimplanted controls (CON; n = 79), 2) implanted at approximately 2 mo of age (average calf age = 58 d) with Synovex-C (BIMP, n = 82), or 3) implanted at approximately 7 mo of age (average calf …

Interaction Of Replacing Corn Silage With Soyhulls As A Roughage Source With Or Without 3% Added Wheat Straw In The Diet: Impacts On Intake, Digestibility, And Ruminal Fermentation In Steers Fed High-Concentrate Diets, Bryan W. Neville, Wayde J. Pickinpaugh, Lea J. Mittleider, Rebecca L. Moore, Kendall C. Swanson, Joel S. Caton

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center

Six ruminally cannulated steers [475.0 ± 49.6 kg initial body weight (BW)] were used in a 6 × 3 incomplete Latin square design (six treatments and three periods), to evaluate the impacts replacing of corn silage with pelleted soyhulls as roughage in high-concentrate finishing diets containing 30% modified distillers grains with solubles. Treatments were based on increasing dietary inclusion of soyhulls and consisted of: (1) Control (0), roughage supplied by dietary inclusion of 20% corn silage [dry matter (DM) basis]; (2) 50% replacement of corn silage with soyhulls (50); (3) 100% replacement of corn silage with soyhulls (100), and the …

Development And Validation Of High-Resolution Melting Assays For The Detection Of Potentially Virulent Strains Of Escherichia Coli O103 And O121, Frank J. Velez, Joseph M. Bosilevac, Sabine Delannoy, Patrick Fach, Ravinder Nagpal, Prashant Singh

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center

Virulent strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups O103 and O121 are considered adulterants in beef. Two high-resolution melting (HRM) real-time PCR assays were standardized for the specific detection and discrimination of potentially virulent and avirulent strains of E. coli O103 and O121. The O103 HRM assay offered the possibility to distinguish clearly STEC O103:H2 from STEC O103:H25. The two standardized assays were extensively validated using 215 pure culture strains, laboratory inoculated food samples, and naturally contaminated beef (n = 84) and pork (n = 84) enrichments collected from the red meat surveillance program. Both HRM assays showed 100% …

Individual Beef Cattle Identification Using Muzzle Images And Deep Learning Techniques, Guoming Li, Galen E. Erickson, Yijie Xiong

Faculty Papers and Publications in Animal Science

The ability to identify individual animals has gained great interest in beef feedlots to allow for animal tracking and all applications for precision management of individuals. This study assessed the feasibility and performance of a total of 59 deep learning models in identifying individual cattle with muzzle images. The best identification accuracy was 98.7%, and the fastest processing speed was 28.3 ms/image. A dataset containing 268 US feedlot cattle and 4923 muzzle images was published along with this article. This study demonstrates the great potential of using deep learning techniques to identify individual cattle using muzzle images and to support …

Impacts Of Added Roughage On Growth Performance, Digestibility, Ruminal Fermentation, And Ruminal Ph Of Feedlot Steers Fed Wheat-Based Feedlot Diets Containing 30% Modified Distillers Grains With Solubles, Wayde J. Pickinpaugh, Bryan W. Neville, Rebecca L. Moore, Joel S. Caton

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the inclusion rate roughage in wheat-based diets containing modified distillers grains with solubles (MDGS) on feedlot performance (Feedlot Experiment), as well as digestibility, ruminal pH, and ruminal fermentation characteristics (Digestibility Experiment). The feedlot experiment utilized 72 Angus steers (392 ± 46.3 kg initial body weight) which were randomly assigned to 1 of 12 pens, 3 pens per treatment, to evaluate feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Dietary treatments were 1) control; 10% roughage, 2) 12% roughage, 3) 14% roughage, and 4) 16% roughage. The digestibility experiment used four ruminally and duodenally cannulated steers (393 ± …

Effects Of Retail Case Environment And Led Lighting Temperature On Color And Oxidation Of Previously Frozen Ground Beef Patties, Devin Elaine Whiteside

Animal Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate different environments of retail cases and LED lighting temperatures to observe how these conditions affect oxidation of previously frozen ground beef patties. Coarse ground beef (85% lean) was purchased from a commercial beef processor, fine ground through a 10 mm grinder plate, and then formed into 1/3-pound patties with an automatic patty forming machine. Patties were then randomly assigned to four different treatments: open-front display cases with 3000 K lighting (OPEN3000), open-front cases 3500 K lighting (OPEN3500), reach-in door display with 3000 K lighting (CLOSED3000), and reach-in door display at 3500 K …

Evaluating The Microbial Quality And Use Of Antimicrobials In Raw Pet Foods, Leslie Pearl Cancio

Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research in Food Science and Technology

Raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) are emerging pet foods that pose food safety risks because of the potential presence of pathogens that could cause illness to humans. In this research, the microbial quality of select RMBD products sold by pet food companies online and the use of chemical antimicrobials to reduce the microbial load in chicken liver, a common RMBD ingredient, were evaluated.

Ground meat blends and livers from four animal species (beef, pork, chicken, turkey) were purchased from four online companies that delivers directly to consumers through parcel businesses. Products were procured at three different times during one year and …

Greater Numbers Of Antral Follicles In The Ovary Are Associated With Increased Concentrations Of Glucose In Uterine Luminal Fluid Of Beef Heifers, Alexandria P. Snider, Matthew S. Crouse, Shelby L. Rosasco, Kaitlin M. Epperson, Emmalee J. Northrop-Albrecht, Jerica J.J. Rich, Chadwick C. Chase Jr., Jeremy R. Miles, George A. Perry, Adam F. Summers, Robert A. Cushman

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center

Increased antral follicles are associated with greater fertility and a uterine environment that is more supportive of early embryonic development in beef heifers. Glucose is a primary energy source for embryos, and glucose concentrations are elevated in uterine luminal fluid (ULF) of pregnant heifers. We hypothesized that ULF glucose concentrations and endometrial transcript abundance for glucose transporters on d16 after insemination would be greater in heifers with increased numbers of antral follicles. Heifers classified with either increased or diminished antral follicle counts were artificially inseminated following the CO-Synch protocol (d0). On d16 after insemination, reproductive tracts of heifers were collected …

Variants Within Genes Edil3 And Adgrb3 Are Associated With Divergent Fecal Egg Counts In Katahdin Sheep At Weaning, Gabrielle M. Becker, Joan M. Burke, Ronald M. Lewis, James E. Miller, James L.M. Morgan, Benjamin D. Rosen, Curtis P. Van Tassell, David R. Notter, Brenda M. Murdoch

Faculty Papers and Publications in Animal Science

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) pose a severe threat to sheep production worldwide. Anthelmintic drug resistance coupled with growing concern regarding potential environmental effects of drug use have demonstrated the necessity of implementing other methods of GIN control. The aim of this study was to test for genetic variants associated with resistance or susceptibility to GIN in Katahdin sheep to improve the current understanding of the genetic mechanisms responsible for host response to GIN. Linear regression and casecontrol genome-wide association studies were conducted with high-density genotype data and cube-root transformed weaning fecal egg counts (tFEC) of 583 Katahdin sheep. The casecontrol GWAS …

Proteomic Analyses Identify Differences Between Bovine Epididymal And Ejaculated Spermatozoa That Contribute To Longevity, Saulo Menegatti Zoca, Emmalee J. Northrop-Albrecht, Julie A. Walker, Robert A. Cushman, George A. Perry

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center

Sperm are stored for extended periods of time in the epididymis, but upon ejaculation motility is increased and lifespan is decreased. The objective of this study was to identify differences in proteins between epididymis and ejaculated samples that are associated with longevity. Ejaculated semen was collected from mature Angus bulls (n = 9); bulls were slaughtered and epididymal semen was collected. Epididymal and ejaculated semen were centrifuged to separate sperm and fluid. Fluids were removed and sperm pellets were resuspended in a high ionic solution and vortexed to remove loosely attached proteins. Sperm samples were centrifuged, and the supernatant was …

Untangling The Placentome Gene Network Of Beef Heifers In Early Gestation, Wellison J.S. Diniz, Lawrence P. Reynolds, Alison K. Ward, Pawel P. Borowicz, Kevin K. Sedivec, Kacie L. Mccarthy, Cierrah J. Kassetas, Friederike Baumgaertner, James D. Kirsch, Sheri T. Dorsam, Tammi L. Neville, J. Chris Forcherio, Ronald R. Scott, Joel S. Caton, Carl R. Dahlen

Faculty Papers and Publications in Animal Science

The cotyledon and caruncle tissues provide a functional bridge between the fetus and the dam. However, the relationship between these tissues and the transcriptomic profile that underlies the tissue functions remains elusive. Herein we investigate the expression profile of cotyledon and caruncle from nulliparous beef heifers carrying female fetuses at day 83 of pregnancy to identify changes occurring across tissues that contribute to placental function and their tissue-specific roles. We identified 2654 differentially expressed genes [padj ≤ 0.05, abs(log2FC) ≥ 1], including nutrient transporters and paternally imprinted genes. We found key regulators of tissue function and differentiation, including FOXO4, GATA2, …

Sdsu Beef Day 2022 Complete Proceedings, Department Of Animal Science, Sdsu Extension

SDSU Beef Day 2022 Summary Publication

This is the complete proceedings of the South Dakota State University, Department of Animal Science Beef Day 2022. The proceedings contain research presented on the following topics:
Feedlot
Herd Management
Meat Science and Nutrition

Impact Of Corn Silage Moisture And/Or Kernel Processing At Harvest On Finishing Steer Growth Performance, Efficiency Of Dietary Net Energy Utilization And Carcass Traits, Thomas G. Hamilton, Warren Rusche, Julie Walker, Zachary K. F. Smith

SDSU Beef Day 2022 Summary Publication

Study Description:

Red Angus steers (n = 192; initial shrunk BW = 983 ± 62.3 lbs) were used in the 112 d finishing experiment at the Southeast Research Farm (SERF) of the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in Beresford. Steers were from a single source and obtained from a local SD auction facility. Steers were received 2 weeks prior to trial initiation. Steers were offered a common diet containing 60% concentrate upon arrival. Steers were transitioned to a 90% concentrate diet over the course of 14 d. Steers were consuming the finishing diet (Table 1) at the initiation of the …

Evaluation Of Dietary Roughage Inclusion In A Single Or Two-Diet System For Backgrounding And Finishing, Thomas G. Hamilton, Warren Rusche, Zachary K. F. Smith

SDSU Beef Day 2022 Summary Publication

Study Description:

Pre-conditioned crossbred beef steers (n = 46; initial shrunk [4%] BW = 621 ± 89.1 lbs) were used in a 210-d grow-finish experiment at the Ruminant Nutrition Center (RNC) in Brookings, SD. Steers were fed once daily, and bunks were managed according to a slick bunk management system. Cattle were fed in 25 × 25 ft concrete surface pens (n = 10 pens; 5 pens/treatment) with 25 linear ft of bunk space and heated, concrete, continuous flow waterers. Treatments included: 1) A single-diet program (targeted a 59 Mcal/cwt NEg diet fed for 210-d; 1D) or 2) two-diet program …

Dose Effects Of Encapsulated Butyric Acid And Zinc On Beef Feedlot Steer Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Dietary Net Energy Utilization, Forest L. Francis, Erin R. Gubbels, Thomas G. Hamilton, Warren Rusche, Doug Lafleur, Jerilyn E. Hergenreder, Zachary K. F. Smith

SDSU Beef Day 2022 Summary Publication

Study Description:

Steers (n = 272; shrunk BW = 794 ± 163 pounds) were assigned to one of four dietary treatments in a 143.5 d feedlot finishing trial: 0 g BPZ/ kg diet dry matter (DM) (CON), 1 g BPZ/ kg diet DM (1BPZ), 2 g BPZ/ kg diet DM (2BPZ), or 3 g BPZ/ kg diet DM (3BPZ). Carcass data and liver health outcomes were collected, and feedlot growth performance data and efficiency of dietary net energy utilization were calculated on a carcass-adjusted basis.

Evaluation Of A Direct Fed Microbial And/Or An Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Yeast Product In Diets Containing Monensin Sodium On Feedlot Phase Growth Performance, Efficiency Of Dietary Net Energy Utilization, And Carcass Characteristics In Newly Weaned Beef Steers Fed In Confinement For 258 Days, Erin Gubbels, Forest Francis, Thomas G. Hamilton, Jason Griffin, Warren Rusche, Tom Rehberger, Elliot Block, Zachary K. F. Smith

SDSU Beef Day 2022 Summary Publication

Study Description:

Single-sourced, newly weaned steers (n = 256; initial body weight (BW) = 542 ± 3.7 lb) were allotted to 32 pens (n = 8 pens/treatment with 8 steers/pen). Steers were blocked by location in a 2x2 factorial treatment arrangement of DFM (Certillus CP B1801 Dry; Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum; 28 g/steer·d-1) and YCW (Celmanax; 18 g/steer·d-1). Steers were vaccinated and poured at processing and individually weighed on d 1, 14, 42 (end of receiving phase; implanted), 77, 105 (end of growing phase), 133, 161 (implanted), 182, 230 (start ractopamine HCl) and 258. Growth performance and carcass measurements were …

Evaluation Of A Direct Fed Microbial An An Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Yeast Product Fed Alone Or In Combination To Beef Steers Administered Ractopamine Hydrochloride 28 Days Prior To Harvest During Summer Months In The Northern Plains, Erin Gubbels, Forest Francis, Thomas G. Hamilton, Jason Griffin, Warren Rusche, Tom Rehberger, Elliot Block, Zachary K. F. Smith

SDSU Beef Day 2022 Summary Publication

Study Description:

Single-sourced, newly weaned steers (n=256; initial BW=542 ± 3.7lb; n=64 steers/treatment; 8 steers/pen) were blocked by location in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of DFM (Certillus CP B1801 Dry; Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum; 28 g/steer·d-1) and YCW (Celmanax; 18 g/steer·d-1). Temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated as: THI=0.81×ambient temperature+[relative humidity×(ambient temperature-14.40)]+46.40. On d-1 and 2 and d-21 and 22 on RH, respiration rate (RR) and panting scores (PS) were determined before and after AM and PM feedings (0700h, 1100h, 1400h, 1700h). RR (n=3 steers/pen) was calculated from: 600/seconds required for 10 flank movements. PS utilized this scoring system: 0 (not …

Effects Of On-Arrival Application Of A Modified-Live Respiratory And Clostridia Vaccination On Health, Growth Performance, And Antibody Titers Of Newly-Weaned Calves, Erin Gubbels, Santana Hanson, Tommy Norman, Thiago Ribeiro, Thomas G. Hamilton, Forest Francis, Jason Griffin, Warren Rusche, Zachary K. F. Smith

SDSU Beef Day 2022 Summary Publication

Study Description:

Single-sourced, newly weaned steers (n=70; initial body weight (BW)=560±12.9lb) were allotted to 10 pens (n=5 pens/treatment with 7 steers/pen). Steers were blocked by BW in a randomized complete block design of VAC [vaccinated for IBR, BVD 1 and 2, PI3, and BRSV (Bovi-Shield Gold 5, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) and clostridial (Ultrabec 7/Somubac, Zoetis) upon arrival] or NOVAC (not vaccinated for IBR, BVD 1 and 2, PI3, and BRSV or clostridial species upon arrival). Steers were individually weighed on d 0 (arrival), 1, 21, and 42 for growth performance measures. Whole blood samples (10 mL) were collected (n=3 steers/pen …

Principles Of Holistic Resource Management: Investing In Self-Education, Pete Bauman

SDSU Beef Day 2022 Summary Publication

Study Description:

First developed as a concept for approaching grazing resources management by Alan Savory in the 1970’s as a means of combating poor grazing practices, the concept of Holistic Management has evolved in the modern era to Holistic Resource Management, or in some cases “Wholistic” Resource Management, suggesting a more inclusive approach to overall planning and assessment beyond developing a sustainable grazing plan.

In simplified terms, a complete Holistic Resource Management plan for an agricultural businesses ultimately embraces a core concept that centers on the original ‘Triple Bottom Line’ accounting philosophy where the three “P’s” of profit, people, and …

Use Of Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins To Determine Fetal Age Throughout Gestation And Clearance Rate In Postpartum Beef Cattle, Adalaide C. Kline, Julie Walker, Taylor N. Andrews, Saulo Menegatti Zoca, Kaitlin M. Epperson, Lacey K. Quail, Jerica J.J. Rich, Jim R. Rhoades, George Perry

SDSU Beef Day 2022 Summary Publication

Study Description:

Previously identified pregnant females from four different herds and postpartum females from one herd were utilized. Blood samples were collected (n = 1,753; study 1) between d 28 and 285 of gestation and (heifers n = 418 and cows n = 657; study 2) once a week for up to 12 weeks after calving. Serum was tested in duplicate using a commercially available blood pregnancy test, IDEXX Alertys Pregnancy Test. In study 1, procedures were modified to allow PAG concentrations to fall within the detectible range of the assay. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS …