Ecological Intensification With Soil Health Practices Demonstrates Positive Impacts On Multiple Soil Properties: A Large-Scale Farmer-Led Experiment,
2022
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Ecological Intensification With Soil Health Practices Demonstrates Positive Impacts On Multiple Soil Properties: A Large-Scale Farmer-Led Experiment, Fernanda Souza Krupek, Daren D. Redfearn, Kent M. Eskridge, Andrea Basche
Agronomy & Horticulture -- Faculty Publications
Improving soil health is critical to reversing trends of soil degradation and is of increasing interest to a range of stakeholders including policymakers, agricultural industry leaders, food companies, and farmers. Crop and soil management practices focused on ecological functions can be effective in restoring fundamental biological, chemical and physical soil properties. The call for ecological intensification of agricultural systems has the potential to improve soil health and input-use efficiency. In this study, we developed a framework to classify spatial and temporal ecological intensification with soil health practices: tillage, crop rotation, cover crop, organic amendment, and crop-livestock integration. We applied this ...
Characterization Of Salt And Drought Tolerance In Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.),
2022
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Characterization Of Salt And Drought Tolerance In Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.), Sevgi Saylak
Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture
Consequent to the increasing world population, food sources are needed to be increased to meet the nutritional needs. However, due to natural processes and agricultural activities, the most destructive environmental factors that limit crop production, soil salinity, and drought-exposed areas are growing. As one of the major oilseed crops, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), is considered to be moderately tolerant to salt and drought. Although it can grow in arid to semi-arid regions, increasing salinity and drought might adversely affect sunflower production. This study aimed to investigate several sunflower germplasms' morphological responses to salt and drought stresses. For this purpose, greenhouse ...
Mechanisms Of Programmed Nutrition In Finishing Cattle In Vivo And Ruminal Parameters Of Amaize Supplementation In Vitro,
2022
University of Kentucky
Mechanisms Of Programmed Nutrition In Finishing Cattle In Vivo And Ruminal Parameters Of Amaize Supplementation In Vitro, Amanda Pesqueira Schiff
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
Programmed Nutrition Beef Program (Alltech Inc.) is a dietary supplement that contains Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract with α-amylase activity that could reduce the use of feed additives such as monensin and tylosin in conventional feedlot diets. This study examines the changes in rumen fermentation resulting from feeding monensin/tylosin and Programmed Nutrition Beef Finisher. The goal was to determine if these shifts in rumen fermentation contribute to the Programmed Nutrition response observed in vivo. This study also analyzes how different levels of α-amylase (Amaize)supplementation impacts feedstuff degradation and utilization in vitro. In vivo experiment used eight steers in a ...
Hemp In The United States: An Analysis Of Policy And Consumption,
2022
University of Vermont
Hemp In The United States: An Analysis Of Policy And Consumption, Amanda Falkner
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
As highlighted by its history, the association between hemp and marijuana has proven to be a barrier to success for industrial hemp production for decades. Once a prevalent agricultural crop in the United States, prohibitive legislation discouraged its production and formally made hemp an illegal crop in 1970. Consequently, hemp and its myriad applications remained underutilized by the United States for over forty years. It wasn’t until the 2014 Farm Bill that hemp production was reintroduced as an option for farmers. This hemp hiatus has created the need for interdisciplinary research in order for the market for the crop ...
Managing Water Quantity And Quality With Subsurface Drainage In Eastern South Dakota,
2022
South Dakota State University
Managing Water Quantity And Quality With Subsurface Drainage In Eastern South Dakota, Morghan Hurst
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Moisture extremes (excess and deficit) impact crop loss and water quality. Due to excessively wet springs and dry summers, crop damage can occur within the same county or field within the same year. To determine the magnitude of this problem in eastern South Dakota, indemnified crop insurance data for drought and excessive moisture claims were assessed for the years 1991-2020 for the occurrence of both excess moisture and drought in four counties in eastern South Dakota. Results show that there is greater than a 70% chance of the moisture extremes happening in the same year, making subsurface drainage, controlled drainage ...
Soil Hydro-Physical Properties, Computed Tomography Measured Pore Parameters, And Soil Health Indicators As Influenced By Tillage And Crop Rotation Systems,
2022
South Dakota State University
Soil Hydro-Physical Properties, Computed Tomography Measured Pore Parameters, And Soil Health Indicators As Influenced By Tillage And Crop Rotation Systems, Goutham Thotakuri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Long-term tillage and crop rotation systems are important agricultural management practices as these can have direct impact on the soil’s key properties. The objectives of this study were to (ⅰ) quantify the soil pore characteristics under long-term tillage and crop rotation using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and to assess the relationships between XCT-measured pore parameters and soil hydro-physical properties; and (ⅱ) evaluate the impacts of long-term tillage and crop rotation on select soil health indicators. The objective (ⅰ) was carried out at Haskell Agricultural Laboratory (HAL), Concord, NE; and objective (ⅰi) was carried out at South Central Agricultural Laboratory ...
Phomopsis Stem Canker Of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.): Etiology And Epidemiological Conditions Affecting Endophytic Population Of Diaporthe Spp., And Fungicide Efficacy,
2022
South Dakota State University
Phomopsis Stem Canker Of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.): Etiology And Epidemiological Conditions Affecting Endophytic Population Of Diaporthe Spp., And Fungicide Efficacy, Nabin Kumar Dangal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Phomopsis stem canker (PSC), caused by species of Diaporthe, is a major disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the U.S., which can cause yield loss over 40%. The disease prevalence increased since 2010 in the major sunflower producing U.S. states of Nebraska, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Previous studies on the use of foliar fungicides in managing Phomopsis stem canker indicated mixed results on their efficacy in disease reduction and yield gain. Additionally, we do not have sufficient information on asymptomatic colonization by endophytic Diaporthe on sunflower tissue and how foliar fungicide and weather parameters affect ...
Regenerative Agriculture Effects On Invertebrate And Bird Communities And Insect-Provided Ecosystem Services,
2022
South Dakota State University
Regenerative Agriculture Effects On Invertebrate And Bird Communities And Insect-Provided Ecosystem Services, Alex Michels
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Conventional agricultural practices can have unintended consequences on the environment and wildlife. Insects and birds are declining at rapid rates around the world, and the current conventional agricultural paradigm is a major driver through habitat loss and the intensification of production. Invertebrates in agroecosystems provide services to both farmers and the rest of society. Regenerative systems may promote the functioning of an agroecosystem by influencing invertebrate abundance, diversity, and ecosystem services and mitigate bird and insect declines through conservation practices that increase soil health, reduce disturbances, and increase biological diversity. Here I address knowledge gaps of the effects of regenerative ...
A New Perspective When Examining Maize Fertilizer Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Incrementally,
2022
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
A New Perspective When Examining Maize Fertilizer Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Incrementally, Newell R. Kitchen, Curtis J. Ransom, James S. Schepers, Jerry L. Hatfield, Raymond Massey, Scott T. Drummond
Agronomy & Horticulture -- Faculty Publications
For maize (Zea mays L.), nitrogen (N) fertilizer use is often summarized from field to global scales using average N use efficiency (NUE). But expressing NUE as averages is misleading because grain increase to added N diminishes near optimal yield. Thus, environmental risks increase as economic benefits decrease. Here, we use empirical datasets obtained in North America of maize grain yield response to N fertilizer (n = 189) to create and interpret incremental NUE (iNUE), or the change in NUE with change in N fertilization. We show for those last units of N applied to reach economic optimal N rate (EONR ...
Food Security Through Disaster Planning In Tanzania: How Agriculture-Based Disaster Preparedness Can Improve Food Security In Tanzania,
2022
Liberty University
Food Security Through Disaster Planning In Tanzania: How Agriculture-Based Disaster Preparedness Can Improve Food Security In Tanzania, Savannah A. Emerich
Masters Theses
In Tanzania, half the population lives below the poverty line and suffers from food insecurity. Of the population, women and children primarily suffer from malnutrition due to food insecurity. For Tanzania, the problem is so severe that some women do not name their newborns for weeks or months due to their unlikely survival. This problem worsens for those who have a significant reliance on agriculture and live in the nation’s rural areas. These rural communities face more traumatic burdens when floods and droughts destroy crops, fields, and tools and ruin livelihoods. A solution has not been implemented thus far ...
Effects Of Conservation Management Practices On Soil Health And Crop Yields In Eastern South Dakota,
2022
South Dakota State University
Effects Of Conservation Management Practices On Soil Health And Crop Yields In Eastern South Dakota, Alex Mclain
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Conservation management practice adoption on agricultural land has increased in recent years due to increasing public and private investment. The anticipated impact of increasing conservation management practice adoption are reduced greenhouse gas emissions and improved soil, water, and air quality. Understanding how these conservation management practices affect agricultural producers economically is vital to properly incentivize these practices. The existing literature on how conservation management practices affect soil health and crop yields is mixed and generally has been conducted on experimental research stations. These studies may not fully account for the on-farm effects of conservation management practices. The objectives of this ...
Productivity Of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolar L.) At Diverse Irrigation Regimes And Sowing Dates In Semi-Arid And Arid Environment,
2022
TÜBİTAK
Productivity Of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolar L.) At Diverse Irrigation Regimes And Sowing Dates In Semi-Arid And Arid Environment, Muhammad Kashif Mubarik, Khadim Hussain, Ghulam Abbas, Muhammad Tanveer Altaf, Faheem Shahzad Baloch, Shakeel Ahmad
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Determining optimal sowing date, optimal number of irrigation applications, and best-performing cultivars is critical to maximizing achievable sorghum yield in semiarid and arid environments. Limited research is available on interactive effects of sowing date, irrigation frequency, and genotype at multiple locations. Consequently, this study was conducted to determine impact of sowing dates, irrigation regimes, and cultivars on yield and growth traits during 2016 and 2017 at two locations in Pakistan. Experiments were laid out in a split-split design at Maize and Millets Research Institute, Yusafwala, Sahiwal, and at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. Each experiment was comprised of three factors: (a ...
Effects Of Some Commercial Products On Root And Crown Rot Caused By Phytophthora Cactorum In Apple Cultivation,
2022
TÜBİTAK
Effects Of Some Commercial Products On Root And Crown Rot Caused By Phytophthora Cactorum In Apple Cultivation, Suat Kaymak
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Root and crown rot caused by Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert & John) Schroeter is one of the most common diseases of apple (Malus domestica) in the world. Due to the negative influences of fungicides on the environment, using other applicable control measures is a plausible way for the management of the disease. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of eleven commercial products (bio-pesticides, fertilizers, and activators) on P. cactorum by comparing plant growth parameters (trunk diameter, plant height, number of branches, and root dry weight). Trials were conducted according to a randomized complete block design with three replicates ...
Biochar Mitigates Salt Stress By Regulating Nutrient Uptake And Antioxidant Activity, Alleviating The Oxidative Stress And Abscisic Acid Content In Cabbage Seedlings, Melek Ekinci, Metin Turan, Ertan Yildirim
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the growth, physiology, and biochemistry of cabbage seedlings in response to salinity stress with biochar. The study was conducted as factorial completely randomized design with two factors; salinity levels (0 and 150 mM NaCl) and biochar doses (weighed at the rate of 0%, 2.5%, and 5% by soil weight). Growth parameters such as stem diameter, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight of cabbage seedlings treated with 150 mM NaCl were lower than the control. Biochar amendments improved the growth parameters of cabbage seedlings ...
Characterization Of Grapevine (V. Vinifera L.) Varieties Grown In Yozgat Province (Turkey) By Simple Sequence Repeat (Ssr) Markers, Selda Daler, Rüstem Cangi
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The study was conducted to characterise 50 grape varieties grown in Yozgat by molecular methods. Molecular definitions were realized using 9 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD24, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD31, VrZAG62, and VrZAG79), including six microsatellite loci used for grapevine variety collections by the European Union funded project (GENRES 081), accepted as the minimum standard set (core set) by the world. According to the SSR analysis results, 451 alleles, 233 of which polymorphic, were obtained. The highest allele numbers were designated as 52 in the VVMD7, VVMD24, VVMD27, VrZAG62, and VrZAG79 loci. The mean number of alleles ...
Prunus Microcarpa: A Potential Rootstock For Apricots,
2022
TÜBİTAK
Prunus Microcarpa: A Potential Rootstock For Apricots, Remzi Uğur
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
One of the most important developments in the history of fruit growing is the discovery and use of dwarf rootstocks. Today, dwarf rootstock studies continue in different fruit species including apricot. The main goal of this study was to identify new dwarfing rootstocks for apricots that limit apricot tree height and size, without altering scion production or fruit characteristics. In this study, `Hacıhaliloğlu', `Hasanbey', `Kabaaşı', and `Roxana' apricot cultivars grafted on Prunus microcarpa - a potential rootstock for apricot - were investigated. Phenological, morphological, yield, and quality traits of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars grafted on Prunus microcarpa seedlings and apricot (P ...
Determination Of Genetic Diversity, Sinigrin Contents, And Elicitors-Induced Enhancement Of Sinigrin In Nasturtium Officinale L., Sobia Zaman, Khadim Shah, Bakhat Zaman, Aziz Ullah Sayal, Syed Tatheer Alam Naqvi, Mohammad Maroof Shah, Jamshaid Hussain, Amjad Hassan, Arshad Mehmood Abbasi, Raza Ahmad
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Nasturtium officinale L. is a plant of significant medicinal importance. The effect of climatic variations on its genetic makeup and biochemistry has not been studied in Pakistan. Present study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity and variations in sinigrin contents, an important anticancer metabolite, in the leaves of N. officinal collected from different districts of Pakistan including Muzaffarabad, Chilas, Jaglot, Dir, Swat, Abbottabad, and Haripur. Furthermore, the effects of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the contents of sinigrin and expression of 2-oxoacid-dependent dioxygenase (GSLOH) gene (TR14312) were also studied. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA ...
Isolation And Characterization Of Culturable Endophytic Plant Growth-Promoting Bacillus Species From Mentha Longifolia L.,
2022
TÜBİTAK
Isolation And Characterization Of Culturable Endophytic Plant Growth-Promoting Bacillus Species From Mentha Longifolia L., Burak Alaylar
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Plant growth-promoting bacteria is one of the most popular promising alternative fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Hence, it is preferred by agriculturalists today due to its nontoxic, eco-friendly, and affordable costs as well as its benefits on agricultural products. Among these microorganisms, Bacillus is a widely known and investigated genus in rhizosphere of plenty of agricultural products. In the current study, endophytic Bacillus strains were isolated from the root, stem, and leaves of healthy Mentha longifolia L. in Palandöken Mountain, Erzurum-Turkey and evaluated their plant growth promoting parameters such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, IAA, siderophore, ACC deaminase, HCN production, and ...
Cadmium Tolerance And Its Absorption Ability In Fibre Flax And Linseed Varieties,
2022
TÜBİTAK
Cadmium Tolerance And Its Absorption Ability In Fibre Flax And Linseed Varieties, Ekaterina Brutch, Olga Zabegaeva, Janka Nozkova, Nina Brutch
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Cadmium pollution now is one of the main environmental problems. Growing of plants hyper accumulators of Cd can help to remediate the polluted soils. Species Linum usitatissimum L. is one of such crops. Six fibre flax and two linseed varieties were evaluated for their resistance to different cadmium sulfate 8/3-hydrate 3CdSO4 . 8H2O concentrations at the seedlings stage in the Jacobsen apparatus. After this, two fibre flax and two linseed varieties were selected and tested for adult plants' cadmium resistance and absorption ability. Cadmium concentrations were analysed in the ashes of adult plants by x-ray fluorescence analyzer BRA - 18. The ...
Genome-Wide Association Studies (Gwas) Revealed A Genetic Basis Associated With Floral Traits In Potato Germplasm,
2022
TÜBİTAK
Genome-Wide Association Studies (Gwas) Revealed A Genetic Basis Associated With Floral Traits In Potato Germplasm, Muhammad Abu Bakar Zia, Ufuk Demirel, Muhammad Azhar Nadeem, Fawad Ali, Ahmad Dawood, Muhammad Ijaz, Mehmet Emin Çalişkan
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Potato is an important noncereal staple crop serving as a source of food for a large number of the world?s population. Genomewide association study (GWAS) analysis has become a useful tool to uncover the genetic basis of important plant traits by revealing significant association with the trait of interest. The present study aimed to explore the phenotypic diversity and to identify the genetic basis associated with important floral traits. A total of 237 tetraploid potato genotypes were used as plant material, and field experiments were conducted according to augmented block design for two consecutive years (2016, 2017). Analysis of ...