Searching For A Compromise: A Case For The Crypto Like-Kind Exchange, 2023 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Searching For A Compromise: A Case For The Crypto Like-Kind Exchange, John Paul Boyter
Arkansas Law Review
In recent years, cryptocurrencies, cryptoassets, electronic coins, tokens, non-fungible tokens, and other various terms for electronic assets have gained prodigious attention in the financial world. From the spike (and subsequent drop) in value of Bitcoin, to people spending millions of dollars on pixelated pictures of punks, the market for these assets has been extremely active despite its ups and downs. However, in addition to potential financial success via crypto markets, the development of crypto technology has allowed for a transformation of how individuals and institutions think of currency, financial security, and access to information Part I of this Comment explains …
Regulating Ai At Work: Labour Relations, Automation, And Algorithmic Management, 2023 Osgoode Hall Law School of York University
Regulating Ai At Work: Labour Relations, Automation, And Algorithmic Management, Valerio De Stefano, Virginia Doellgast
Articles & Book Chapters
Recent innovations in artificial intelligence (AI) have been at the core of massive technological changes that are transforming work. AI is now widely used to automate business processes and replace labour-intensive tasks while changing the skill demands for those that remain. AI-based tools are also deployed to invasively monitor worker conduct and to automate HR management processes.
Through the dual lens of comparative labour law and employment relations research, the articles in this special issue of Transfer investigate the role of collective bargaining and government policy in shaping strategies to deploy new digital and AI-based technologies at work. Together, they …
Some Legal And Practical Challenges In The Investigation Of Cybercrime, 2023 Old Dominion University
Some Legal And Practical Challenges In The Investigation Of Cybercrime, Ritz Carr
Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase
According to the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), in 2021, the United States lost around $6.9 billion to cybercrime. In 2022, that number grew to over $10.2 billion (IC3, 2022). In one of many efforts to combat cybercrimes, at least 40 states “introduced or considered more than 250 bills or resolutions that deal significantly with cybersecurity” with 24 states officially enacting a total of 41 bills (National Conference on State Legislatures, 2022).
The world of cybercrime evolves each day. Nevertheless, challenges arise when we investigate and prosecute cybercrime, which will be examined in the following collection of essays that highlight …
Waking Sleeping Beauty? Exploring The Challenges Of Cyber-Deterrence By Punishment, 2023 Catholic University of Lyon
Waking Sleeping Beauty? Exploring The Challenges Of Cyber-Deterrence By Punishment, Thibault Moulin
Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review
No abstract provided.
A Loaded God Complex: The Unconstitutionality Of The Executive Branch’S Unilaterally Withholding Zero-Days, 2023 Northwestern Pritzker School of Law
A Loaded God Complex: The Unconstitutionality Of The Executive Branch’S Unilaterally Withholding Zero-Days, Brendan Gilligan
Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property
No abstract provided.
The Evidentiary Implications Of Interpreting Black-Box Algorithms, 2023 Northwestern Pritzker School of Law
The Evidentiary Implications Of Interpreting Black-Box Algorithms, Varun Bhatnagar
Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property
Biased black-box algorithms have drawn increasing levels of scrutiny from the public. This is especially true for those black-box algorithms with the potential to negatively affect protected or vulnerable populations.1 One type of these black-box algorithms, a neural network, is both opaque and capable of high accuracy. However, neural networks do not provide insights into the relative importance, underlying relationships, structures of the predictors or covariates with the modelled outcomes.2 There are methods to combat a neural network’s lack of transparency: globally or locally interpretable post-hoc explanatory models.3 However, the threat of such measures usually does not bar an actor …
Law Informs Code: A Legal Informatics Approach To Aligning Artificial Intelligence With Humans, 2023 Northwestern Pritzker School of Law
Law Informs Code: A Legal Informatics Approach To Aligning Artificial Intelligence With Humans, John J. Nay
Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property
Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities are rapidly advancing. Highly capable AI could cause radically different futures depending on how it is developed and deployed. We are unable to specify human goals and societal values in a way that reliably directs AI behavior. Specifying the desirability (value) of AI taking a particular action in a particular state of the world is unwieldy beyond a very limited set of state-action-values. The purpose of machine learning is to train on a subset of states and have the resulting agent generalize an ability to choose high value actions in unencountered circumstances. Inevitably, the function ascribing …
Now On Display: In-Line Linking In The Age Of The Server Test, 2023 Fordham University School of Law
Now On Display: In-Line Linking In The Age Of The Server Test, Sonia Autret
Fordham Law Review
In 2007, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit adopted a new interpretation of 17 U.S.C. § 106(5), which codifies the display right of the Copyright Act of 1976. In Perfect 10 v. Amazon.com, the Ninth Circuit read § 106(5) to mean that creative works made visible on web pages through in-line linking, an architectural pillar of modern web design, would not infringe on a copyright owner’s display right if the work was not actually copied onto the website’s server. Since its adoption, this approach—known as the Server Test—has been lauded by search engine providers and web …
Do Not Touch My Data: Exploring A Disclosure-Based Framework To Address Data Access, 2023 Washington and Lee University School of Law
Do Not Touch My Data: Exploring A Disclosure-Based Framework To Address Data Access, Francis Morency
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
Companies have too much control over people’s information. In the data marketplace, companies package and sell individuals’ data, and these individuals have little to no bargaining power over the process. Companies may freely buy and sell people’s data in the private sector for targeted marketing and behavior manipulation. In the justice system, an unchecked data marketplace leaves black and brown communities vulnerable to serious data access issues caused by predictive sentencing, for example. Risk assessment algorithms in predictive sentencing rely on data on individuals and run all relevant data points to provide the likelihood that a defendant will recidivate low …
Nft For Eternity, 2023 Hadar Jabotinsky Center for Interdisciplinary Research of Financial Markets, Crises and Technology; School of Law, Zefat Academic College
Nft For Eternity, Hadar Y. Jabotinsky, Michal Lavi
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are unique tokens stored on a digital ledger – the blockchain. They are meant to represent unique, non-interchangeable digital assets, as there is only one token with that exact data. Moreover, the information attached to the token cannot be altered as on a regular database. While copies of these digital items are available to all, NFTs are tracked on blockchains to provide the owner with proof of ownership. This possibility of buying and owning digital assets can be attractive to many individuals.
NFTs are presently at the stage of early adoption and their uses are expanding. In …
The Exigency And How To Improve And Implement International Humanitarian Legislations More Advantageously In Times Of Both Cyber-Warfare And Cyberspace, 2023 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
The Exigency And How To Improve And Implement International Humanitarian Legislations More Advantageously In Times Of Both Cyber-Warfare And Cyberspace, Shawn J. Lalman
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
This study provides a synopsis of the following topics: the prospective limiters levied on cyber-warfare by present–day international legislation; significant complexities and contentions brought up in the rendering & utilization of International Humanitarian Legislation against cyber-warfare; feasible repercussions of cyber-warfare on humanitarian causes. It is also to be contended and outlined in this research study that non–state actors can be held accountable for breaches of international humanitarian legislation committed using cyber–ordnance if sufficient resources and skill are made available. It details the factors that prosecutors and investigators must take into account when organizing investigations into major breaches of humanitarian legislation …
A Matter Of Motive: Malice In The Law Of Torts In The Age Of Connectivity, 2023 University of New Brunswick
A Matter Of Motive: Malice In The Law Of Torts In The Age Of Connectivity, Greg Bowley
Dalhousie Law Journal
To meet the challenges posed by the novel modes of interpersonal relationships of contemporary society, Canadian tort law must develop a general principle of liability for the intentional infliction of harm. This principle would recognize the normatively-significant common thread of the wrongdoer’s intention to cause harm to another person in phenomena as varied as doxing, swatting, revenge porn, cyberstalking, impersonation, trolling, and harassment. The recent development of discrete, context-specific torts in response to problematic social media conduct is an inherently limited approach to novel interpersonal conduct. However, it also offers an opportunity for the enunciation of a general principle of …
Privacy Is Not Dead: Expressively Using Law To Push Back Against Corporate Deregulators And Meaningfully Protect Data Privacy Rights, 2023 University of Georgia School of Law
Privacy Is Not Dead: Expressively Using Law To Push Back Against Corporate Deregulators And Meaningfully Protect Data Privacy Rights, Alexander F. Krupp
Georgia Law Review
When the European Union’s (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) passed in 2016, it represented the world’s first major comprehensive data privacy law and kicked off a conversation about how we think about the right to privacy in the modern age. The law granted a broad range of rights to EU citizens, including a right to have companies delete data they collect about you, a right not to have your personal information sold, and a range of other rights all geared towards individual autonomy over personal data. All the while, platform companies like Facebook (Meta), Apple, and Amazon have taken …
A Compulsory Solution To The Machine Problem: Recognizing Artificial Intelligence As Inventors In Patent Law, 2023 Vanderbilt University
A Compulsory Solution To The Machine Problem: Recognizing Artificial Intelligence As Inventors In Patent Law, Cole G. Merritt
Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is already disrupting and will likely continue to disrupt many industries. Despite the role AI already plays, AI systems are becoming increasingly powerful. Ultimately, these systems may become a powerful tool that can lead to the discovery of important inventions or significantly reduce the time required to discover these inventions. Even now, AI systems are independently inventing. However, the resulting AI-generated inventions are unable to receive patent protection under current US patent law. This unpatentability may lead to inefficient results and ineffectively serves the goals of patent law.
To embrace the development and power of AI, Congress …
The Role Of Ethical Principles In Ai Startups, 2023 Boston University School of Law
The Role Of Ethical Principles In Ai Startups, James Bessen, Stephen Michael Impink, Robert Seamans
Faculty Scholarship
Do high-tech startups benefit from developing more ethical AI? AI startups implement policies and take actions to manage ethical issues associated with data collection, storage, and usage and adapt to the norms of their industry. This paper describes these startups' ethics-related actions, including ethical AI policy adoption, and examines how these actions relate to startup performance. We find that merely adopting an ethical AI policy (i.e., a less costly signal) does not relate to increased performance. However, there is evidence that investors reward startups that take more costly preventative pro-ethics actions, like seeking expert guidance, training employees about unconscious bias, …
The Case For A Cda Section 230 Notice-And-Takedown Duty, 2023 University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law
The Case For A Cda Section 230 Notice-And-Takedown Duty, Michael L. Rustad, Thomas H. Koenig
Nevada Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Data Localization And Government Access To Data Stored Abroad: Discussion Paper 2, 2023 American University Washington College of Law
Data Localization And Government Access To Data Stored Abroad: Discussion Paper 2, Shanzay Pervaiz, Alex Joel
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
The Centre for Information Policy Leadership (CIPL) and Tech, Law & Security Program (TLS) have been collaborating on a project regarding data localization policies. As data localization is increasingly gaining traction, we seek to understand the different dimensions of the impacts and effectiveness of these policies. As part of this collaboration—CIPL published a paper on the “real life” business, societal, and consumer impacts of data localization policies and TLS published the present paper on whether data localization measures are legally effective in achieving one of their main ostensible purposes, i.e., to prevent foreign government access to data.
The Evolution Of Chapter 11: How Corporate Restructuring Has Evolved And Its Important Role In The Recovery Of A Struggling Economy, 2023 DePaul University
The Evolution Of Chapter 11: How Corporate Restructuring Has Evolved And Its Important Role In The Recovery Of A Struggling Economy, Eduardo Cervantes
DePaul Business & Commercial Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Covid-19 Vs. Constitution; Limited Government's Unlimited Response, 2023 DePaul University
Covid-19 Vs. Constitution; Limited Government's Unlimited Response, John A. Losurdo
DePaul Business & Commercial Law Journal
No abstract provided.
The "No License, No Chips" Policy: When A Refusal To Deal Becomes Reasonable, 2023 DePaul University
The "No License, No Chips" Policy: When A Refusal To Deal Becomes Reasonable, Sheng Tong
DePaul Business & Commercial Law Journal
No abstract provided.