Embryotoxic Effects Of Three Natural Occurring Veratrum Alkaloids And One Synthetic Analog Using In Vitro Produced Bovine Embryos, 2023 USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT
Embryotoxic Effects Of Three Natural Occurring Veratrum Alkaloids And One Synthetic Analog Using In Vitro Produced Bovine Embryos, Kevin D. Welch, Shiquan Wang, Stephen T. Lee, Dale R. Gardner, Kip E. Panter
Poisonous Plant Research (PPR)
Three natural occurring plant toxins from Veratrum californicum and one related synthetic analog were screened for embryotoxicity using in vitro bovine embryo production techniques. Bovine oocytes were aspirated from ovaries collected from a local abattoir and embryos were generated through in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro culture (IVC) procedures. The three natural steroidal alkaloids, cyclopamine, jervine and veratramine and the synthetic steroidal derivative of cyclopamine, cyclopamine-4-en-3-one, were added to IVM and IVC media at 12 μM. Oocytes were exposed to the toxins during maturation (IVM) and pre-implantation embryo during culture (IVC). Cleavage rates and embryo growth (morula and blastocyst …
Cryptosporidiosis In An Alpaca Cria Secondary To Prolongedantimicrobial Administration, 2023 UTK CVM BDS
Cryptosporidiosis In An Alpaca Cria Secondary To Prolongedantimicrobial Administration, Heidi M. Wyrosdick, Caroline Griffin, John J. Schaefer, Joseph Smith
Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences
No abstract provided.
Preliminary Evidence Of Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure In American Kestrels (Falco Sparverius) In The Western United States, 2023 National Zoological Park
Preliminary Evidence Of Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure In American Kestrels (Falco Sparverius) In The Western United States, Evan R. Buechley, Dave Oleyar, Jesse L. Watson, Jennifer Bridgeman, Steven Volker, David A. Goldade, Catherine E. Swift, Barnett A. Rattner
United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications
Although there is extensive evidence of declines in the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) population across North America, the cause of such declines remains a mystery. One hypothesized driver of decline is anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) exposure, which could potentially cause mortality or reduced fitness. We investigated AR exposure in wild American Kestrels in Utah, USA. We collected and tested for AR residues in liver samples (n = 8) from kestrels opportunistically encountered dead and in blood samples (n = 71) from live wild kestrels, both nestlings and adults. We found high detection rates in both tissues. Adult …
The Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Esomeprazole In Sheep After Intravenous Dosing, 2023 LMU
The Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Esomeprazole In Sheep After Intravenous Dosing, Joseph Smith, Jessica Gebert, Kailee Bennett, Lisa Sams Ebner, Ryan Flynn, Pierre-Yves Mulon, Lainey Harvill, Olivia Escher, Amanda Jo Kreuder, Joan Bergman, Sherry Cox
Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences
Abomasal (gastric) ulceration is a morbidity in sheep, and currently, there is a paucity of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for gastroprotectant drugs reported for this species. The proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole has been used in small animal and human patients for gastroprotection via increasing the gastric pH. The objective of this study was to report the pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic effect of esomeprazole in sheep after single intravenous dosing. Four healthy adult Southdown cross ewes had blood collected over a 24 h time period after single intravenous dosing of esomeprazole at 1.0 mg/kg. Abomasal fluid was sampled over 24 h …
Effect Of Furosemide Administration On Plasma Analytes And Urine Enzyme Excretion In Two Reptilian Species, 2023 Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Effect Of Furosemide Administration On Plasma Analytes And Urine Enzyme Excretion In Two Reptilian Species, Kathryn Metcalf
LSU Master's Theses
Renal disease is a common ailment of captive reptiles that is often closely linked to chronic, subclinical states of dehydration. Currently, the diagnosis of renal disease in reptiles is poorly characterized and often relies on invasive diagnostic techniques (e.g., renal biopsy) for definitive diagnosis. A potential outlet for the further characterization of renal dysfunction in reptiles is the induction of dehydration by furosemide therapy. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that is commonly used in mammalian patients for the treatment of congestive heart failure. The utility of furosemide in reptiles is poorly characterized, however, both experimental and clinical utility of this …
Pharmacokinetics Of Single Feeding Of Cannabidiol In Cattle: A Pilot Study, 2023 Murray State University
Pharmacokinetics Of Single Feeding Of Cannabidiol In Cattle: A Pilot Study, Haley Cornette
Honors College Theses
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a substance that has been used in complementary medicine for many years. However, modern medicine has little knowledge of how this substance is utilized and metabolized in ruminant animals. Regulations on quality assurance and use in animals are lacking, and CBD supplementation in livestock is not approved. If CBD supplements can be shown to be safe and effective, detection in the animal will be important for determining regulation of use. A withdrawal period can then be established to allow time for deterioration of product to safe levels before livestock products enter human markets. This study sought to …
Pharmacokinetics Of Intramuscular Maropitant In Pigs (Sus Scrofa Domesticus), 2023 LMU
Pharmacokinetics Of Intramuscular Maropitant In Pigs (Sus Scrofa Domesticus), Joseph Smith, Jessica E. Gebert, Lisa S. Ebner, Kailee O. Bennett, Rebecca J. Collins, Chiara E. Hampton, Stephanie A. Kleine, Pierre-Yves Mulon, Christopher K. Smith, Reza Seddighi, Genevieve Bussieres, Jonathan P. Mochel, Healther K. Knych
Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences
Pigs are at risk of vomiting from medical conditions as well as the emetic side effects of drugs administered for peri-operative manipulations, but there is a lack of pharmacokinetic data for potential anti-emetic therapies, such as maropitant, in this species. The main objective of this study was to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for maropitant in pigs after a single intramuscular (IM) administration dosed at 1.0 mg/ kg. A secondary objective was to estimate pilot pharmacokinetic parameters in pigs after oral (PO) administration at 2.0 mg/kg. Maropitant was administered to six commercial pigs at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg IM. Plasma …
Pharmacokinetics Of Esomeprazole In Goats (Capra Aegagrus Hircus) After Intravenous And Subcutaneous Administration, 2022 University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Pharmacokinetics Of Esomeprazole In Goats (Capra Aegagrus Hircus) After Intravenous And Subcutaneous Administration, Rachel L. Fladung, Joseph Smith, Melissa Hines, Windy Soto-Gonzalez, Bryanna Fayne, Rebecca Rahn, Olivia Escher, Lainey Harvill, Joan Bergman, Jessica Garcia, Amanda Kreuder
Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences
Background: Stressed and hospitalized goats are at risk of developing abomasal (gastric) ulceration, but there is a paucity of pharmacokinetic studies for proton pump inhibiting drugs, such as, esomeprazole in goats.
Objectives: The objectives for this study were to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for esomeprazole in adult goats after intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SQ) administration. A secondary objective was to describe the plasma kinetics of the metabolite esomeprazole sulfone after IV and SC administration in goats.
Materials and methods: Esomeprazole was administered to 5 adult goats in a crossover study at doses of 1 mg/kg IV or 2 mg/kg SC. …
Validation Of A Method For Pantoprazole And Its Sulfone Metabolite In Goat Plasma Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Sherry Cox, Lainey Harvill, Sarah Bullock, Joseph Smith, Joan Bergman
Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences
No abstract provided.
Gabapentin, A Human Therapeutic Medication And An Environmental Substance Transferring At Trace Levels To Horses: A Case Report., 2022 Wellington, Florida
Gabapentin, A Human Therapeutic Medication And An Environmental Substance Transferring At Trace Levels To Horses: A Case Report., Kimberly Brewer, Jacob Machin, George Maylin, Clara Fenger, Abelardo Morales-Briceño, Thomas Tobin
Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications
Gabapentin, 1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid, MW 171.240, is a frequently prescribed high dose human medication that is also used recreationally. Gabapentin is orally absorbed; the dose can be 3,000 mg/day and it is excreted essentially unchanged in urine. Gabapentin is stable in the environment and routinely detected in urban wastewater. Gabapentin randomly transfers from humans to racing horses and is at times detected at pharmacologically ineffective / trace level concentrations in equine plasma and urine. In Ohio racing between January 2019 and July 2020,18 Gabapentin identifications, all less than 2 ng/ml in plasma, were reported. These identifications were ongoing because the horsemen …
Pharmacokinetics Of Butorphanol Following Intravenous And Intramuscular Administration In Donkeys: A Preliminary Study, 2022 Lincoln Memorial University
Pharmacokinetics Of Butorphanol Following Intravenous And Intramuscular Administration In Donkeys: A Preliminary Study, Lisa S. Ebner, Odette O, Bradley Simon, Ignacio Lizarraga, Joseph Smith, Sherry Cox
Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences
The pharmacokinetics of butorphanol after intravenous (IVB) and intramuscular (IMB) administration in donkeys were determined in this preliminary study. Healthy male gelded donkeys (n = 5), aged 6–12 years old, were administered 0.1 mg/kg butorphanol IV or IM in a randomized, crossover design. Blood samples were obtained at predetermined intervals for 24 h (IVB) and 48 h (IMB) after administration. Plasma butorphanol concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Following IVB administration, mean (± SE) apparent volume of distribution, elimination half-life, total body clearance, and area under the plasma concentration time curve from …
Evaluation Of Residual Antibacterial Effects On Canine Skin Surface And Hairs Following Treatment With Five Commercial Mousse Products Against Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius In Vitro, 2022 Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Evaluation Of Residual Antibacterial Effects On Canine Skin Surface And Hairs Following Treatment With Five Commercial Mousse Products Against Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius In Vitro, Chi-Yen Wu
LSU Master's Theses
Topical products are essential treatments for canine superficial bacterial folliculitis. However, studies for commercial products typically evaluate antibacterial effects on hairs rather than the skin surface. In addition, the interference from the hair length has not been evaluated in these studies. Therefore, the study objective for this study was to evaluate the residual antibacterial effects of five mousse products, (1) 2% chlorhexidine and 2% miconazole, (2) 0.05% phytosphingosine, (3) 2% salicylic acid and 10% ethyl lactate, (4) 3% chlorhexidine and 0.5% climbazole, and (5) 2% chlorhexidine and 1% ketoconazole on both the skin surface and hairs in both short- and …
Intra-Articular Buprenorphine In Horses, 2022 Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Intra-Articular Buprenorphine In Horses, Gabriel Castro-Cuellar Dr
LSU Master's Theses
Opioid drugs have the potential of provide local analgesia in inflamed joints. To date, morphine is the only opioid that has been tested for intra-articular (IA) administration in horses. Having an alternative drug, other than morphine, could widen the therapeutic options, particularly in cases of drug shortages or inaccessibility to specific drugs. The work presented in this dissertation reports the cytotoxic effects of buprenorphine on cultured equine chondrocytes, and the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and analgesic effects, of IA administered buprenorphine in horses with experimentally induced synovitis.
To evaluate the potential cytotoxic effects on equine cartilage, chondrocytes were obtained from normal equine …
Miniature Companion Pig Sedation And Anesthesia, 2022 UTK CVM
Miniature Companion Pig Sedation And Anesthesia, Joseph Smith, Reza Seddighi
Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences
- Miniature companion pigs (MCP) are increasing in popularity, and as such, there is an increased need for veterinarians trained in sedation and anesthesia for the species.
- MCPs have several species-specific qualities that can complicate injectable drug administration and create challenges for inhalational anesthesia (eg, with endotracheal intubation).
- General anesthetic complications, such as hypothermia and hypotension, are commonly described in miniature companion pigs, so monitoring of vital parameters during anesthetic procedures and recovery is crucial.
Identifying Bisphosphonate Protein Biomarkers In Equine Sera Using Mass Spectrometry Methods, 2022 University of Kentucky
Identifying Bisphosphonate Protein Biomarkers In Equine Sera Using Mass Spectrometry Methods, Malinda Jayne Alison Porter
Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science
Bone resorptive diseases affect humans and horses, alike. Examples of these diseases include osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, and osteogenesis imperfecta in humans, and navicular disease in the horse (Mitchell et al., 2019; Suva et al., 2021). Bisphosphonates are used to treat these diseases, and may remain in the bone for several years after administration, demonstrating the need for newer drug testing methods.
The purpose of the discovery phase of this study was to use blood samples of in-training horses which had been given an initial administration of the bisphosphonate tiludronate and identify protein biomarkers that changed in response to this class …
Pharmacokinetics Of Orally Administered Prednisolone In Alpacas, 2021 UTK
Pharmacokinetics Of Orally Administered Prednisolone In Alpacas, Ricardo Videla, Carla Sommardahl, Joseph Smith, Deanna M.W. Schaeffer, Sherry Cox
Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences
This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone following intravenous and oral administration in healthy adult alpacas. Healthy adult alpacas were given prednisolone (IV, n = 4), as well as orally (PO, n = 6). Prednisolone was administered IV once (1 mg/kg). Oral administration was once daily for 5 days (2 mg/kg). Each treatment was separated by a minimum 4 month washout period. Samples were collected at 0 (pre-administration), 0.083, 0.167, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after IV administration, and at 0 (pre-administration), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 after …
Pharmacokinetics Of Pantoprazole And Pantoprazole Sulfone In Goats After Intravenous Administration: A Preliminary Report, Joseph Smith, Jonathan P. Mochel, Windy M. Soto-Gonzalez, Rebecca R. Rahn, Bryanna M. Fayne, Olivia G. Escher, Anastasia M. Geletka, Lainey E. Harvill, Joan B. Bergman, Sherry Cox
Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences
Background: Ruminant species are at risk of developing abomasal ulceration, but there is a lack of pharmacokinetic data for anti-ulcer therapies, such as the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole, in goats.
Objective: The primary study objective was to estimate the plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for pantoprazole in adult goats after intravenous administration. A secondary objective was to describe the pharmacokinetic parameters for the metabolite, pantoprazole sulfone, in goats.
Methods: Pantoprazole was administered intravenously to six adult goats at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Plasma samples were collected over 36h and analyzed via reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography for determination of pantoprazole …
Pharmacokinetics Of Tulathromycin In Pregnant Ewes (Ovis Aries) Challenged With Campylobacter Jejuni, 2021 Iowa State University
Pharmacokinetics Of Tulathromycin In Pregnant Ewes (Ovis Aries) Challenged With Campylobacter Jejuni, Michael Yaeger, Jonathan P. Mochel, Zuowei Wu, Paul Plummer, Orhan Sahin, Joseph Smith, Melda Ocal, Ashenafi Beyi, Changyun Xu, Qijing Zhang, Ronald W. Griffith
Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in the plasma and maternal and fetal tissues of pregnant ewes when administered within 24 hours of a single, IV Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) challenge. Twelve, pregnant ewes between 72–92 days of gestation were challenged IV with C. jejuni IA3902 and then treated with 1.1 ml/45.36 kg of tulathromycin subcutaneously 18 hours post-challenge. Ewes were bled at predetermined time points and euthanized either at a predetermined time point or following the observation of vaginal bleeding or abortion. Following euthanasia, tissues were collected for bacterial …
Nonlinear Mixed-Effect Pharmacokinetic Modeling And Distribution Of Doxycycline In Healthy Female Donkeys After Multiple Intragastric Dosing–Preliminary Investigation, 2021 Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine
Nonlinear Mixed-Effect Pharmacokinetic Modeling And Distribution Of Doxycycline In Healthy Female Donkeys After Multiple Intragastric Dosing–Preliminary Investigation, Ronan J.J. Chapuis, Joseph Smith, Hilari M. French, Felix Ngosa Toka, Erik W. Peterson, Erika L. Little
Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences
Doxycycline (DXC) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial antimicrobial administered to horses for the treatment of bacterial infections which may also affect donkeys. Donkeys have a different metabolism than horses, leading to differences in the pharmacokinetics of drugs compared to horses. This study aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics of DXC in donkeys. Five doses of DXC hyclate (10 mg/kg) were administered via a nasogastric tube, q12 h, to eight non-fasted, healthy, adult jennies. Serum, urine, synovial fluid and endometrium were collected for 72 h following the first administration. Doxycycline concentration was measured by competitive enzyme immunoassay. Serum concentrations versus time data …
Compounded Gabapentin For Felines: Associated Metabolic Processes And Analysis Of Potency, 2021 Chapman University
Compounded Gabapentin For Felines: Associated Metabolic Processes And Analysis Of Potency, Johnny Altwal
Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters
Pharmaceutical compounding provides pharmacists and clinicians the opportunity to create unique drug formulations that are better suited to a specific patient’s needs. This is especially prevalent in veterinary medicine where clinicians treat a variety of maladies in a large number of species, thereby requiring unique formulations to more easily deliver drugs to animals. Several examples of compounded veterinary formulations with sub-therapeutic potencies have been published, but none examine compounded gabapentin. Gabapentin is frequently compounded into an oral suspension for veterinary use from tablets or capsules for the purpose of pain management in felines and other small animals. The project’s goals …