Urban Studies and Planning Commons^™

Applications Of Underground Structures For The Protection Of Critical Infrastructure, George H. Baker, Richard G. Little, Don A. Linger

George H Baker

The U.S. President’s Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection (PCCIP), convened in the wake of the bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, concluded that the nation’s physical security and economic security depend on our critical energy, communications, and computer infrastructures. While a primary motivating event for the establishment of the commission was the catastrophic physical attack of the Murrah Building, it is ironic that the commission focused its attention primarily on cyber threats. Their rationale was that cyber vulnerabilities posed a new, unaddressed challenge to infrastructure security. This approach was further questioned by the events of September 11, …

Brownfields Neighborhood Revitalization, Bhavna Shamasunder

Bhavna Shamasunder

Brownfields issues are significant points of advocacy and activism for creating substantial social change in low-income communitites. The authors identify key environmental justice issues present in the brownfields debate; provide an overview of existing laws, regulations, and policies that are currently in place to address brownfields contamination and revitalization; discuss the effectiveness of these current strategies; discuss emerging and potential innovative strategies for brownfields revitalization, and provide a set of "best practices" and resources that are being developed nationally to address brownfields in low-income communities and communities of color.

Sprawl, Growth Boundaries And The Rehnquist Court , Michael E Lewyn

Michael E Lewyn

This article addresses the constitutionality and wisdom of Oregon's urban growth boundary (UGB) program. The article concludes that the program is constitutional under current precedent, and that (contrary to claims made by UGB critics) there is little evidence that the UGB has caused Oregon's runup in housing prices. On the other hand, UGB supporters may have exaggerated the UGB's positive environmental results.

Financial Ties And Conflicts Of Interest Between Pharmaceutical And Tobacco Companies, Bhavna Shamasunder, Lisa Bero

Bhavna Shamasunder

No abstract provided.

Planificar En El Ecuador: Utopía O Realidad, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Se ha criticado a la planificación en el Ecuador por "centralista", "tecnocrática", "normativa" y hasta "utópica"; sin embargo, se la sigue añorando y como paradigma se sitúa los ingentes esfuerzos de planificación de las décadas de los setenta y ochenta, que se expresaron en propuestas de largo y mediano plazo, y en proyectos de incuestionable impacto socio económico, orientados a satisfacer las necesidades de la sociedad.

Defining The Pattern Of The Sustainable Urban Region - Development Of Regional Measurement Methods, Elizabeth Brabec, Geoffrey Mcd. Lewis

Elizabeth Brabec

To date, the debate on the sustainability of human settlements has focused on the urban portion of the land use pattern. Since urban areas rely on suburban, rural, and other less densely settled areas for their existence, these areas must be included in any sustainability assessment. This need for a regional view has resulted in a typology of regional form, which allows comparisons of relative sustainability between various regional land use patterns. Based on resource efficiency, this regional analysis includes measurements related to water, agricultural land, habitat, energy use, and transportation and identifies primary indicators for each category. Existing methods …

Monster Houses? Yes! No!, Robert E. Lang, Karen A. Danielsen

Karen A. Danielsen

No abstract provided.

Impervious Surfaces And Water Quality: A Review Of Current Literature And Its Implications For Watershed Planning, Elizabeth Brabec

Elizabeth Brabec

Impervious surfaces have for many years been recognized as an indicator of the intensity of the urban environment and, with the advent of urban sprawl, they have become a key issue in habitat health. Although a considerable amount of research has been done to define impervious thresholds for water quality degradation, there are a number of flaws in the assumptions and methodologies used. Given refinement of the methodology, accurate and usable parameters for preventative watershed planning can be developed, which include impervious surface thresholds and a balance between pervious and impervious surfaces within a watershed.

La Violencia En Ecuador Y América Latina, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

No se puede desconocer que el tema de la violencia existe desde tiempos inmemoriales y que, por tanto, no es nuevo, al grado que se podría decir que es consustancial a la sociedad. Si bien la violencia ha existido desde que existe la sociedad, durante estos últimos años se ha convertido en uno de los temas más importantes de la agenda regional debido, entre otras cosas, al incremento de su magnitud, a la diversificación de formas en que se manifiesta, a la transformación de maneras de operar, al impacto que produce en las esferas sociales, políticas, económicas y culturales y …

La Descentralización En América Latina. Una Perspectiva Comparada, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

El proceso centralizador de la sociedad, la economía, la cultura, la política y el territorio -en un contexto de globalización y revoluci6n científico-tecnológica- ha conducido al desarrollo de su antítesis: la descentralización. Esta evolución, que se inició en Europa con anticipación a lo ocurrido en América Latina, requiere ser conocida y analizada, realizando un balance de las principales experiencias, así como de la historia de los procesos particulares, puesto que se ha constatado que, aunque existen cierras constantes, no hay un modelo general de descentralización: cada país en cada momento debe encontrar las soluciones más adecuadas para contrarrestar los efectos …

Agricultural Land Fragmentation: The Spatial Effects Of Three Land Protection Strategies In The Eastern United States, Elizabeth Brabec, Chip Smith

Elizabeth Brabec

Fragmentation of agricultural land by urban sprawl affects both the agricultural production capacity of the land and its rural scenic quality. In order to assess the resulting fragmentation of the three most common types of agricultural land conservation tools in the United States, this study analyzes the spatial form of three land protection strategies: a purchase of development rights (PDR) program, a clustering program and a transfer of development rights program. By assessing a series of measures of success such as total acreage protected, size of parcels, contiguity and farming status, the study compares the effectiveness of programs that have …

Discutindo O E-Governo E A Questão Da Infoinclusão, Eloi Martins Senhoras

Elói Martins Senhoras

No abstract provided.

Cluster E Desenvolvimento Local Em Campinas, Eloi Martins Senhoras

Elói Martins Senhoras

No abstract provided.

Violencia Urbana E Inseguridad Ciudadana: Ecuador, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Las encuestas que se vienen haciendo en algunas ciudades, establecen que una de las demandas fundamentales de la población, es la seguridad. En Quito, que supuestamente es una ciudad pacífica (se define como «ciudad franciscana»), justamente una encuesta que se terminó este mes, determinó que la principal reivindicación de la población con un porcentaje alrededor de un 20.2%, es la seguridad ciudadana.

En segundo lugar estaba el costo de vida y en el tercero el agua potable. Según las encuestas que hemos visto en América Latina, la demanda por seguridad es la más significativa y creciente. Un segundo aspecto que …

La Descentralización En América Latina. Una Perspectiva Comparada, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

El proceso centralizador de la sociedad, la economía, la cultura, la política y el territorio -en un contexto de globalización y revoluci6n científico-tecnológica- ha conducido al desarrollo de su antítesis: la descentralización. Esta evolución, que se inició en Europa con anticipación a lo ocurrido en América Latina, requiere ser conocida y analizada, realizando un balance de las principales experiencias, así como de la historia de los procesos particulares, puesto que se ha constatado que, aunque existen cierras constantes, no hay un modelo general de descentralización: cada país en cada momento debe encontrar las soluciones más adecuadas para contrarrestar los efectos …

The First Revolt And Its Afterlife, Neil A. Silberman

Neil A. Silberman

No abstract provided.

Benchmarking: Measurable Indicators Of Economic Success, John Mullin, Zenia Kotval, Edward Murray

John R. Mullin

All our communities are striving for economic success. Political platforms are built on promises of economic prosperity. However, we rarely thoroughly measure this success. Across the country people are increasingly interested in ensuring that government expenditures are well spent. We can note this interest at all levels of government ranging from local to national scales. As well, accountability, in all of its manifestations, is a critical element of the "quality movement" that is becoming acculturated in both the private and public sectors. This article focuses on how local economic development officials can measure and evaluate their professional activities in a …

The Changing Character Of Economic Development, John R. Mullin

John R. Mullin

This article lays out several key trends concerning industrial development that I have noted over the past ten years in my consulting practice and academic research. They are not exhaustive nor will they be reflected in all parts of the country. They do, however, point out that we need to continually adapt to the market place; we need to become more pro-active in controlling how and where we stimulate development; we need to insure that we provide the opportunity for industry to succeed; and, finally, we must be reflective of world events and the speed of change.

Social Class, Politics, And Urban Markets: The Makings Of Bias In Policy Outcomes, Herman L. Boschken

Herman L. Boschken

No abstract provided.

Defining The Pattern Of The Sustainable Urban Region, Elizabeth Brabec, Geoffrey Mcd. Lewis

Elizabeth Brabec

No abstract provided.

Meridian Hill Park: The Making Of An American Neoclassical Landscape, Elizabeth Brabec

Elizabeth Brabec

The neoclassical design was the dominant design movement in landscape architecture at the turn of the last century, dictating the form and design of public parks for most of the first half of the twentieth century. Meridian Hill Park, located just north of the White ouse in Washington, DC, is considered the most ambitious neoclassical park ever conceived in the United States. The paper provides an overview of the design development of the park, illustrating how classical design precedents were used to create a contemporary neo-classical park.

Contrapunteo Estadounidense/Latinoamericano De Los Estudios Culturales, George Yudice

George Yúdice

No abstract provided.

Cultural Policy, George Yudice, Toby Miller

George Yúdice

No abstract provided.

The Neighborhood Concept: A Retrospective Of Physical Design And Social Interaction, Nicholas Patricios

Nicholas Patricios

In 1929 the neighborhood concept was published separately in two forms. First was the neighborhood idea of Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, exemplified in their plan for Radburn. Second was the Neighborhood Unit idea of Clarence Perry. Since then, for the past seven decades, the concept has been applied and adapted internationally. Over this period the concepts original principles of neighborhood physical design, in both its forms, have varied with little controversy. What has been and is still an issue is the nature of the relationship between the neighborhood's physical arrangement and the social interaction among its residents. The conceptual …

Urban Design Principles Of The Original Neighborhood Concepts, Nicholas Patricios

Nicholas Patricios

The neighbourhood concept is arguably one of the major planning landmarks that shaped the urban form of the twentieth century city in many countries. Coincidently, both the neighbourhood idea of Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, exemplified in their plan for Radburn, and the Neighbourhood Unit idea of Clarence Perry were published in 1929. The urban design principles of Stein and Wright included the idea of a superblock of residential units grouped around a central green, the separation of vehicles and pedestrians, and a road hierarchy with culs-de-sac for local access roads. A cluster of superblocks was to form a self-contained …

O Uso Comercial Das Redes: O Caso Da World Wide Web, Eloi Martins Senhoras

Elói Martins Senhoras

No abstract provided.

New Strategies And Collaborations Target Homelessness, Dennis P. Culhane

Dennis P. Culhane

No abstract provided.