Urban Studies and Planning Commons^™

Measuring The Economic Impact Of Employee Stock Ownership Plans (Esops) On Ohio, Michael Palmieri, Iryna Demko

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

This study focuses on Ohio companies with an Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) - the most common form of employee ownership in the U.S. Literature on the positive impacts of employee ownership at the individual and company level has grown in recent decades finding that individual employee-owners have longer tenure, more household wealth, higher wages, larger retirement accounts, and opportunities to participate in company decisions. At the company level research finds that employee-owned companies perform better than conventional companies on several performance metrics including overall survival rates, productivity, employment growth, and sales. Findings from both individual and company level studies …

An Empirical Review Of The Paycheck Protection Program - Congressional Testimony, Iryna Demko

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

Dr. Iryna Demko, Research Associate at the Center for Economic Development, testified at the hearing of the U.S. House Committee on Small Business on the Paycheck Protection Program. The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) has been one of the largest economic stimulus programs in U.S. history. In 2020 and 2021, the SBA disbursed over $800 billion in Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans to help small businesses keep their employees on payroll during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Covid-19 Impact On The Economic Vitality Index Of Ohio’S 88 Counties, Iryna Lendel, Georgina Guadalupe Figueroa, Iryna Demko, Jack Yochum

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

This brief illustrates the results of the updated 2020 Economic Vitality Index (EVI) to understand the overall economic impact of the pandemic, including the role of the economic stimuli and related policy responses. This update of the 2019 EVI shows how Ohio’s 88 counties have been affected by COVID-19.

Opportunities For Youngstown In The Supply Chains Of Northeast Ohio And Pittsburgh Economies, Iryna Lendel, Iryna Demko, Georgina G. Figueroa

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

The Center for Economic Development at Cleveland State University conducted this analysis to determine opportunities for the Youngstown economy in the supply chains of Northeast Ohio and Pittsburgh economies. Youngstown can account for a greater share of input purchases from the NEO and Pittsburgh regions by focusing on Nonferrous Metal (Except Aluminum) Production and Processing, Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing, and Plastic Product Manufacturing. Youngstown can develop its economic ties with Pittsburgh’s economy in its aspirational sector – Financial Services.

Manufacturing In The 21st Century, Iryna Lendel, Mike Naso

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

The manufacturing sector faces more challenges than ever to remain a competitive force in Northeast Ohio. The evolution of manufacturing through the advent of Industry 4.0 poses the most pressing challenge, pushing manufacturers to adopt technologies that are driven by data analysis, cloud computing, and connectivity through the Industrial Internet of Things. Northeast Ohio is falling behind in the adoption of 4.0 technology, especially among small- and medium-sized companies, and some have even delayed adoption of 3.0 technologies like basic automation and the integration of computers into production processes. This research brief investigates the advantages of Industry 4.0 implementation and …

Economic Impact Of The Transportation Research Center Inc. On Central Ohio And The State Of Ohio, Iryna Lendel, Matthew B. Ellerbrock, Scott Corsi

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A recognized leader in transportation research and innovation since 1974, the Transportation Research Center Inc. (TRC), with its 4,500-acre testing facility and expert technical team, created more than $127 million total in economic output in 2019 and supported over 670 total jobs with almost $36 million in wages and benefits throughout Ohio, the study determined. Testing and research on behalf of TRC clients, including many of the world’s leading automotive manufacturers and systems innovators, generated more than $1.3 million in taxes to local government entities, $1.3 million to the state government and $2.3 million to the federal government. An additional …

Cooperatives In Ohio’S Economy: Their Contribution And The Impact Of Covid-19, Iryna Demko, Isabella L. Mcknight, Hannah Scott

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

Ohio is home to 452 cooperatives, including some of the largest agricultural co-ops in the country, and is the birthplace of rural electric cooperatives in the U.S. However, prior to this analysis there was little information about the economic impact of those cooperatives on the state’s economy. The research team used various public sources and interviews to gather data on 58 agricultural and food cooperatives and 25 rural electric cooperatives in Ohio. This study found that agriculture, food, and rural electric cooperatives supported an estimated 12,910 full-time and part-time jobs in the state, attained $875 million in labor income, and …

The Nasa Glenn Research Center: An Economic Impact Study Fiscal Year 2020, Iryna V. Lendel, Jinhee Yun

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

The NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, located in Cleveland and Sandusky, Ohio, creates vast economic benefits within the regional economies of Northeast Ohio and Ohio by employing local labor, paying high wages to their employees who spend most of their income locally, engaging local contractors, and collaborating with local higher education institutions, providing them with research grants and contracts. This study uses a multi-regional input-output (I-O) model to estimate the effect of NASA Glenn Research Center's spending on the economies of Northeast Ohio and Ohio. For the total economic impact in the state of Ohio in 2020, the researchers …

Navigating Government Statistics Of Small Businesses For Pandemic Assistance, Iryna Demko, Iryna V. Lendel, Georgina Guadalupe Figueroa

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

This brief examines various sources of government statistics to assist in understanding the scope of small businesses, the legal structure of their operations, and their distribution by industry in the Northeast Ohio (NEO) region. Under the current restrictions for business operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many entrepreneurs and small businesses need assistance to maintain cash flow and to retain both their employees and customers. Governments at all levels have developed business assistance programs to help small businesses; more recently, some of these programs have revised their rules. To illustrate who might be affected by the changing rules, several sources …

Housing Market Pressures In Youngstown During The Gm Plant Closure (2016 To 2019), Iryna Demko, Molly Schnoke, Rachel Lefebre, Isabella Mcknight, Merissa Piazza

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

This brief seeks to investigate the changes in the regional housing markets for renters and homeowners in the Youngstown region due to the General Motors Lordstown Assembly closure. Housing is an important part of the regional infrastructure that can attract new people in times when the Youngstown region tries to develop high-tech industries and reinvent its economy. The quality of housing stock determines the amount of property taxes, which help fund local schools as well as city services. In 2019, both median household income and median home values declined in the Youngstown region. The demand for rental properties increased as …

Jobless Pandemic: Geography Of Layoffs And Opportunity Zones, Georgina Figueroa, Matthew Ellerbrock, Iryna V. Lendel

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act is a law designed to protect workers against employment losses. Employers are required to provide employees with a 60-day notice in the event of plant closings and mass layoffs. Under normal conditions, WARNs are required in the event of a) Plants closing or stopping operation either permanently or temporarily affecting 50 or more workers; b) Layoffs of 500 or more employees during a 30-day-period or when these layoffs constitute at least a third of the company’s workforce; and c) Temporary layoffs expected to exceed six months, in this case, when a temporary …

Youngstown Economy: Recession And Path To Recovery, Iryna Demko, Iryna V. Lendel, Merissa Piazza, Georgina Figueroa, Matthew Ellerbrock

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

This brief seeks to identify opportunities for the Youngstown economy to recover from the COVID-induced economic recession.

Neo Grids Performance In 2020, Iryna Demko, Merissa Piazza, Iryna V. Lendel

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

The Center for Economic Development identified 33 driver industries in the 2019 report titled “Northeast Ohio Front Runners: Groups of Regional Industry Drivers (GRIDs).” GRIDs are wealth-creating industries that pay high wages, have a robust regional specialization, and contribute to the economy through regional supply chains. However, in this year alone, the U.S. and Ohio economies have seen a trade war with China, retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods, the collapse of oil prices, and mandatory business closings due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These events contributed to the already ongoing cyclical repression, and impacted the wealth creation of Northeast Ohio’s (NEO)3 …

The Role Of Public Transportation In Youngstown, Iryna V. Lendel, Iryna Demko, Obed Pasha, Georgina Figueroa

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

The Center analyzed the relationship between public transit availability and employment in the entry-level job hubs. Using a Poisson model for the Youngstown origin-destination matrix, we found that a 10-minute decrease in rush-hour travel times by public transit is expected to increase employment by almost 7%. This means that 224 more residents of each low-income census tract will have access to the entry-level job hubs in Youngstown. As transit agencies are experiencing major disruptions to normal operating procedures because of the COVID-19 pandemic, our findings show that without access to public transportation many people lose prospective employment.

Good Jobs: Employment And Wages In Groups Of Regional Industrial Drivers, Iryna Lendel, Merissa Piazza, Iryna Demko, Matthew Ellerbrock, Emily Forsee

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

Talent attraction and workforce development are urgent topics in Northeast Ohio, as many companies are finding it challenging to locate and attract necessary workers for open jobs. This dilemma spans across sectors: from the manufacturing industry finding appropriately skilled labor to professional services finding experienced IT staff. This research analyzes employment dynamics among Northeast Ohio (NEO) industries, so policymakers and economic development practitioners can utilize our findings and design programs to improve the economic conditions in the region. This report builds on The Center for Economic Development’s prior work, which identified NEO’s Groups of Regional Industry Drivers (GRIDs). These sectors …

Disruptive Growth Through Co-Working Industry: Economic Impact Of Potential Real Estate Market Intervention In Cleveland, Iryna Lendel, Merissa Piazza, Iryna Demko, Nick Zingale

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

This report reviews the current state of the co-working industry and its potential for growth according to current supply-demand relationships as it relates to larger economic movements and to the regional market for Cleveland, Ohio, and the surrounding area. The report analyzes factors that influence co-working growth and uptake and projects the likely state of the industry in coming years. The report provides a comprehensive assessment of the nature and scope of co-working supply and demand and develops a typology that can identify benefits and approaches for distinct types of co-workers and co-working stakeholders.

Local Front Runners: Grids In The 4 Northeast Ohio Metropolitan Areas, Merissa Piazza, Iryna Demko, Iryna Lendel, Matthew B. Ellerbrock

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

Northeast Ohio (NEO) is an 18-county region which encompasses four different Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs); MSAs commonly refer to the labor market of a given area (for this study: the Akron MSA, the Canton-Massillon MSA, the Cleveland-Elyria MSA, a part of the Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA MSA) and remaining rural counties (“non-MSA counties”). Within NEO, these four distinct metro areas have different industry structures. Investigating the internal dynamics of each region’s economic driver industries—what we call Groups of Regional Industry Drivers (GRIDs)—can inform local leaders and economic development practitioners of expanding and emerging industries to foster regional growth.

Economic trends in NEO …

Northeast Ohio Grids Monitor, Merissa Piazza

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

Groups of Regional Industry Drivers (GRIDs) were identified in Northeast Ohio (NEO). GRIDs are wealth-creating industries that have a strong regional specialization, growing output, rising productivity, and local competitive advantage. Overall, the three identified GRIDs—Professional Services, Growing Legacy Manufacturing, and Oil and Gas—contributed nearly 40% ($90.4 billion) to NEO’s total output and employed 20% (369,054 people) of NEO workforce in 2018. This research provides an update on the performance of GRIDs economy focusing on 2017-18 changes and projections for 2019. Calculations in this monitor are based on the data from Moody's Analytics Economy.com.

Northeast Ohio Front Runners: Groups Of Regional Industry Drivers (Grids), Iryna Lendel, Merissa Piazza, Iryna Demko, Jinhee Yun, Samuel Owusu-Agyemang

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

This research provides relevant, data-driven insights on competitive industries in the Northeast Ohio (NEO)1 economy over the 2013-2017 period. This report informs the reader on industries that over the last five years outperformed their national counterparts in wealth creation. These industries employ a significant amount of regional workforce, create sizable output, and have a regional competitive advantage. This research updates previous research conducted by the Regional Economic Competitiveness Strategy in 2011 and provides up-to-date insights into the future growth areas of NEO’s regional economy.

2018 Downstream Challenges And Opportunities, Iryna Lendel

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

No abstract provided.

Trends Of U.S. Agricultural Cooperatives (1913-2016), Iryna Demko

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

This report identifies and describes national trends in the progression of agricultural cooperatives since 1913 with an emphasis on 2000s. As the number of agricultural cooperatives in the U.S. has declined, their size, represented by business volume and the number of members, increased. Based on 1976-2016 data, cooperatives’ total assets and equity have been increasing and were projected to grow in 2017. On average, 2% of cooperatives in the U.S. merged or were acquired . Average incidence rates of mergers and acquisitions during 2000-2012 (33 incidences) were lower than during 1980-1999 (83 incidences). Over time, the number of grain cooperatives …

Inside The Margins: A Cleveland Literature Industry Study, Iryna Lendel, Candi Clouse, Merissa Piazza, Ellen Cyran, Simon Husted, Dro Sohrabian, Jinhee Yun

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

Writing—humans documenting our history in the form of the “written word”—has been one of the largest transitive forces through time. The act of becoming an author, however—of moving away from the mere transcription of events to becoming the voice and translator of events—has changed how we examine ourselves, society, and life. Most of us remember the first novel that drew us into its story, thus changing how we looked out at the world, contributing to our emotional acumen, enriching our overall intelligence, and giving us a new perspective on our view of life. This is the joy felt by writers—to …

The Nasa Glenn Research Center: An Economic Impact Study Fiscal Year 2017, Iryna Lendel, Jinhee Yun

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

Economic impact is an analytical approach used to estimate the benefits generated by an entity for an affected region. This study uses an input-output (I-O) model to estimate the effect of NASA Glenn Research Center’s spending on the economies of Northeast Ohio (NEO) and Ohio. This analytical tool measures economic impact in terms of growth in output (sales), value added (output less intermediary goods), number of new and supported jobs, labor income, and tax revenues. For FY 2017 study, the Center used a methodology to measure NASA Glenn’s impact on the economies of Northeast Ohio and Ohio, as was used …

Eastern Ohio Shale Dashboard - March 1st, 2018, Iryna Lendel, Dro Sohrabian

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

No abstract provided.

Eastern Ohio Shale Dashboard - December 1st, 2017, Iryna Lendel, Dro Sohrabian

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

No abstract provided.

Eastern Ohio Shale Dashboard - September 1st, 2017, Iryna Lendel, Dro Sohrabian

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

No abstract provided.

Staging Cleveland: A Theater Industry Study, Iryna Lendel, Candi Clouse, Merissa Piazza, Ellen Cyran, Simon Husted, Nichole Laird, Luke Seaberg, Jinhee Yun

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

The impact of theater is traditionally discussed in the emotion someone feels from seeing a live show on stage or the nostalgia of remembering the experience of seeing one’s favorite movie come to life for the first time. Theaters are one of a city’s most beautiful treasures, often constructed with high levels of architectural appeal which can take audiences out of their normal life and lead them into the world of the performance. However, besides beautiful buildings and fond memories, what is the impact of the theater sector on a region?

This study uses a quantitative framework to examine the …

Housing Impact Of Shale Development In Eastern Ohio Update: February 2017, Iryna Lendel, Kathryn W. Hexter, Charlie Post, Nick Downer, Nate Hoover, Sydney Martis

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

This quarterly update of the Housing Impact of Shale Drilling Study and Dashboard includes indicators measuring oil and gas shale development activities in the fourth quarter and indicators measuring the housing market in third quarter of 2016. As with previous reports and dashboards, the companion documents were prepared by a team of researchers from Cleveland State University’s Levin College of Urban Affairs (CSU) for the Ohio Housing Finance Agency (OHFA) to monitor the impact of the Utica shale development in Ohio on housing affordability and availability in eight counties of eastern Ohio where the core upstream and midstream activities of …

Eastern Ohio Shale & Housing Dashboard - January 1, 2017, Iryna Lendel, Kathryn W. Hexter, Charlie Post, Nick Downer, Nate Hoover, Sydney Martis

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

No abstract provided.

Housing Impact Of Shale Development In Eastern Ohio Update: October 2016, Iryna Lendel, Kathryn W. Hexter, Charlie Post, Nick Downer, Sydney Martis

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

This quarterly update of the Housing Impact of Shale Drilling Study and Dashboard (Appendix 1) includes lead indicators measuring oil and gas shale development activities in the third quarter and lagged indicators measuring the housing market in second quarter of 2016. As with the first report and dashboard, the companion documents were prepared by a team of researchers from Cleveland State University’s Levin College of Urban Affairs (CSU) for the Ohio Housing Finance Agency (OHFA) to monitor the impact of the Utica shale development industry on housing affordability and availability in eight counties of eastern Ohio where the core upstream …