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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Criminology
Police Perceptions Of Their External Legitimacy In High And Low Crime Areas Of The Community, Justin Nix
Police Perceptions Of Their External Legitimacy In High And Low Crime Areas Of The Community, Justin Nix
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
Until recently, police legitimacy research has primarily focused on citizen perceptions of the police. However, it may be that the police believe citizens associate other factors, such as distributive justice or performance, with legitimacy. The present study adds to the literature by surveying a nationally representative sample of U.S. police officers about how they believe citizens residing in high and low crime areas of the community evaluate police in terms of legitimacy. Findings suggest that respondents believe procedural justice and distributive justice are important to citizens of both areas in terms of generating trust. At the same time, respondents believe …
Borders Up In Smoke: Marijuana Enforcement In Nebraska After Colorado’S Legalization Of Medicinal Marijuana, Jared M. Ellison, Ryan E. Spohn
Borders Up In Smoke: Marijuana Enforcement In Nebraska After Colorado’S Legalization Of Medicinal Marijuana, Jared M. Ellison, Ryan E. Spohn
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
With the passage of Amendments 20 (2000) and 64 (2012), Colorado legalized the medicinal and recreational use of marijuana. Nebraskan law enforcement in border counties subsequently reported increases in arrests and reductions in jail space. In response, the Nebraska state legislature passed LR-520 to study the potential increased costs incurred by criminal justice agencies in border counties. To investigate this situation, we compare trends in drug arrests and jail occupancy across three areas: border counties, those that contain Interstate 80 (I-80) as a major transportation route, and the remaining counties in the state of Nebraska from 2000 through 2013. We …
The Impact Of Negative Publicity On Police Self-Legitimacy, Justin Nix, Scott E. Wolfe
The Impact Of Negative Publicity On Police Self-Legitimacy, Justin Nix, Scott E. Wolfe
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
High-profile events involving police use of force in various cities throughout the US and internationally have garnered enormous media coverage and demonstrated the importance of police-community relations. To date little empirical attention has focused on how such events may negatively impact police officers. Using survey data from 567 officers, this study considers whether perceptions of negative publicity are adversely related to officers’ sense of self-legitimacy (i.e. the confidence they have in their authority). Findings revealed officers who felt less motivated as a result of negative publicity expressed less self-legitimacy. However, the degree to which officers felt their job had become …
The Association Between Mental Health And Violence Among A Nationally Representative Sample Of College Students From The United States, Joesph A. Schwartz, Kevin M. Beaver, J. C. Barnes
The Association Between Mental Health And Violence Among A Nationally Representative Sample Of College Students From The United States, Joesph A. Schwartz, Kevin M. Beaver, J. C. Barnes
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
Objectives
Recent violent attacks on college campuses in the United States have sparked discussions regarding the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the perpetration of violence among college students. While previous studies have examined the potential association between mental health problems and violent behavior, the overall pattern of findings flowing from this literature remain mixed and no previous studies have examined such associations among college students.
Methods
The current study makes use of a nationally representative sample of 3,929 college students from the National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) to examine the prevalence of seven violent behaviors and …
Intimate Partner Violence And Subsequent Depression: Examining The Roles Of Neighborhood Supportive Mechanisms, Emily M. Wright, Gillian M. Pinchevsky, Michael L. Benson, Dana L. Radatz
Intimate Partner Violence And Subsequent Depression: Examining The Roles Of Neighborhood Supportive Mechanisms, Emily M. Wright, Gillian M. Pinchevsky, Michael L. Benson, Dana L. Radatz
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
This study examines the direct effects of neighborhood supportive mechanisms (e.g., collective efficacy, social cohesion, social networks) on depressive symptoms among females as well as their moderating effects on the impact of IPV on subsequent depressive symptoms. A multilevel, multivariate Rasch model was used with data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods to assess the existence of IPV and later susceptibility of depressive symptoms among 2959 adult females in 80 neighborhoods. Results indicate that neighborhood collective efficacy, social cohesion, social interactions, and the number of friends and family in the neighborhood reduce the likelihood that females experience …
Proposing A Pedigree Risk Measurement Strategy: Capturing The Intergenerational Transmission Of Antisocial Behavior In A Nationally Representative Sample Of Adults, Joesph A. Schwartz, Eric J. Connelly, Kevin M. Beaver, Joseph L. Nedelec, Michael G. Vaughn
Proposing A Pedigree Risk Measurement Strategy: Capturing The Intergenerational Transmission Of Antisocial Behavior In A Nationally Representative Sample Of Adults, Joesph A. Schwartz, Eric J. Connelly, Kevin M. Beaver, Joseph L. Nedelec, Michael G. Vaughn
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
An impressive literature has revealed that variation in virtually every measurable phenotype is the result of a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Based on these findings, studies that fail to use genetically informed modeling strategies risk model misspecification and biased parameter estimates. Twin- and adoption-based research designs have frequently been used to overcome this limitation. Despite the many advantages of such approaches, many available datasets do not contain samples of twins, siblings or adoptees, making it impossible to utilize these modeling strategies. The current study proposes a measurement strategy for estimating the intergenerational transmission of antisocial behavior (ASB) within …
A Multi-Level Analysis Of The Impact Of Neighborhood Structural And Social Factors On Adolescent Substance Use, Abigail A. Fagan, Emily M. Wright, Gillian M. Pichevsky
A Multi-Level Analysis Of The Impact Of Neighborhood Structural And Social Factors On Adolescent Substance Use, Abigail A. Fagan, Emily M. Wright, Gillian M. Pichevsky
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
Background This paper examined the effects of neighborhood structural (i.e., economic disadvantage, immigrant concentration, residential stability) and social (e.g., collective efficacy, social network interactions, intolerance of drug use, legal cynicism) factors on the likelihood of any adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. Methods Analyses drew upon information from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). Data were obtained from a survey of adult residents of 79 Chicago neighborhoods, two waves of interviews with 1657 to 1664 care-givers and youth aged 8 to 16 years, and information from the 1990 U.S. Census Bureau. Hierarchical Bernoulli regression models estimated the …
Do The Police Believe That Legitimacy Promotes Cooperation From The Public?, Justin Nix
Do The Police Believe That Legitimacy Promotes Cooperation From The Public?, Justin Nix
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
Tyler’s process-based model of regulation suggests that when citizens perceive the police as a legitimate authority, they are more likely to cooperate in the form of reporting crimes and providing information to the police. Yet most studies have considered citizens’ perceptions of police legitimacy—few studies have asked the police what they feel makes them legitimate in the eyes of the public. Likewise, no studies have considered whether the police believe legitimacy is associated with cooperation from the public. The present study addresses this gap using data from a stratified sample of U.S. police executives. Findings suggest police believe performance, rather …
Impact Of Maternal Incarceration On The Criminal Justice Involvement Of Adult Offspring: A Research Note, Lisa Muftic, Leana A. Bouffard, Gaylene Armstrong
Impact Of Maternal Incarceration On The Criminal Justice Involvement Of Adult Offspring: A Research Note, Lisa Muftic, Leana A. Bouffard, Gaylene Armstrong
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
Objectives:
This note examines the relationship between maternal incarceration and adverse outcomes for offspring in early adulthood.Methods:
Utilizing data derived from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health, a series of multivariate models are conducted to examine the impact maternal incarceration has on criminal justice involvement among young adults. To control for selection effects that may be associated with maternal imprisonment, propensity score matching is utilized.Results:
Respondents whose mothers had served time in prison were significantly more likely to have an adult arrest, conviction, and incarceration, even after controlling for important demographic factors and correlates of criminal behavior. …Does Polyvictimization Affect Incarcerated And Non-Incarcerated Adult Women Differently? An Exploration Into Internalizing Problems, Dana L. Radatz, Emily M. Wright
Does Polyvictimization Affect Incarcerated And Non-Incarcerated Adult Women Differently? An Exploration Into Internalizing Problems, Dana L. Radatz, Emily M. Wright
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
In this study, we used data from life histories of 424 non-incarcerated (n = 266) and incarcerated (n = 158) women to examine the extent to which women are exposed to multiple forms of victimization, including child abuse, intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and traumatic life events. We assessed the effects of polyvictimization (e.g., multiple victimizations) on women’s health-related outcomes (e.g., attempted suicide, drug and alcohol problems) as well as whether the prevalence rates and effects of victimization were significantly different between the subsamples of women. Results indicate that incarcerated women experience significantly more victimization than non-incarcerated women, and while …
The Relationship Between Work–Family Conflict, Correctional Officer Job Stress, And Job Satisfaction, Gaylene Armstrong, Cassandra A. Atkin-Plunk, Jessica Wells
The Relationship Between Work–Family Conflict, Correctional Officer Job Stress, And Job Satisfaction, Gaylene Armstrong, Cassandra A. Atkin-Plunk, Jessica Wells
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
Balancing demands between work and family domains can strain even the most resourceful employee. When the tipping point of conflict between the two is reached, a negative impact on employee well-being can result. Within correctional environments, the psychosocial well-being of officers is critical given the potentially significant impact of having a “bad day on the job.” This study examines work–family conflict as it relates to job stress and job satisfaction within a diverse sample of correctional officers (N = 441) employed at 13 public, adult correctional facilities in a Southern state. Findings indicate strain and behavior-based work–family conflict and …
The President's Task Force On 21st Century Policing: Final Report, Office Of Community Oriented Policing Services, Erin M. Kearns
The President's Task Force On 21st Century Policing: Final Report, Office Of Community Oriented Policing Services, Erin M. Kearns
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
The task force recommendations are presented under six topics: "Building Trust and Legitimacy," Policy and Oversight," "Technology and Social Media," "Community Policing and Crime Reduction," "Officer Training and Education," and "Officer Safety and Wellness." Each of the recommendations in these topic areas include suggested action steps. One of two overarching recommendations is that the President support the establishment of a National Crime and Justice Task Force to examine all areas of criminal justice and pose reforms. As a corollary to this recommendation, the second overarching recommendation is that the President support programs that take a comprehensive and inclusive look at …
The Role Of Parenting In The Prediction Of Criminal Involvement: Findings From A Nationally Representative Sample Of Youth And A Sample Of Adopted Youth, Kevin M. Beaver, Joesph A. Schwartz, Eric J. Connolly, Mohammed Said Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed Nezar Kobeisy
The Role Of Parenting In The Prediction Of Criminal Involvement: Findings From A Nationally Representative Sample Of Youth And A Sample Of Adopted Youth, Kevin M. Beaver, Joesph A. Schwartz, Eric J. Connolly, Mohammed Said Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed Nezar Kobeisy
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
The role of parenting in the development of criminal behavior has been the source of a vast amount of research, with the majority of studies detecting statistically significant associations between dimensions of parenting and measures of criminal involvement. An emerging group of scholars, however, has drawn attention to the methodological limitations—mainly genetic confounding—of the parental socialization literature. The current study addressed this limitation by analyzing a sample of adoptees to assess the association between 8 parenting measures and 4 criminal justice outcome measures. The results revealed very little evidence of parental socialization effects on criminal behavior before controlling for genetic …
Integrating The Principles Of Effective Intervention Into Batterer Intervention Programming: The Case For Moving Toward More Evidence-Based Programming, Dana L. Radatz, Emily M. Wright
Integrating The Principles Of Effective Intervention Into Batterer Intervention Programming: The Case For Moving Toward More Evidence-Based Programming, Dana L. Radatz, Emily M. Wright
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
The majority of batterer intervention program (BIP) evaluations have indicated they are marginally effective in reducing domestic violence recidivism. Meanwhile, correctional programs used to treat a variety of offenders (e.g., substance users, violent offenders, and so forth) that adhere to the “principles of effective intervention” (PEI) have reported significant reductions in recidivism. This article introduces the PEI—the principles on which evidence-based practices in correctional rehabilitation are based—and identifies the degree to which they are currently integrated into BIPs. The case is made that batterer programs could be more effective if they incorporate the PEI. Recommendations for further integration of the …
Enlisting In The Military: The Influential Role Of Genetic Factors, Kevin M. Beaver, J. C. Barnes, Joesph A. Schwartz, Brian B. Boutwell
Enlisting In The Military: The Influential Role Of Genetic Factors, Kevin M. Beaver, J. C. Barnes, Joesph A. Schwartz, Brian B. Boutwell
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
Given that enlistment in the U.S. military is completely voluntary, there has been a great deal of interest in identifying the various factors that might explain why some people join the military, whereas others do not. The current study expanded on this line of literature by estimating the extent to which genetic and environmental factors explained variance in the liability for lifetime participation in the military. Analysis of twin pairs drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) revealed that 82% of the variance was the result of genetic factors, 18% of the variance was …
Exposure To Violence, Substance Use, And Neighborhood Context, Abigail A. Fagan, Emily M. Wright, Gillian M. Pichevsky
Exposure To Violence, Substance Use, And Neighborhood Context, Abigail A. Fagan, Emily M. Wright, Gillian M. Pichevsky
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
Adolescent exposure to violence and substance use are both public health problems, but how neighborhood context contributes to these outcomes is unclear. This study uses prospective data from 1416 adolescents to examine the direct and interacting influences of victimization and neighborhood factors on adolescent substance use. Based on hierarchical Bernoulli regression models that controlled for prior substance use and multiple individual-level factors, exposure to violence significantly increased the likelihood of marijuana use but not alcohol use or binge drinking. There was little evidence that community norms regarding adolescent substance use influenced rates of substance use or moderated the impact of …