Criminology Commons^™

Exploring Places Of Street Drug Dealing In A Downtown Area In Brazil: An Analysis Of The Reliability Of Google Street View In International Criminological Research, Elenice De Souza Oliveira, Ko-Hsin Hsu

Elenice De Souza Oliveira

This study assesses the reliability of Google Street View (GSV) in auditing environmental features that help create hotbeds of drug dealing in Belo Horizonte, one of Brazil’s largest cities. Based on concepts of “crime generators” and “crime enablers,” a set of 40 items were selected using arrest data related to drug activities for the period between 2007 and 2011. These items served to develop a GSV data collection instrument used to observe features of 135 street segments that were identified as drug dealing hot spots in downtown Belo Horizonte. The study employs an intra-class correlation (ICC) statistics as a measure …

Copycat Firesetting: Bridging Two Research Areas, Rebekah Doley, Claire Ferguson, Ray Surette

Rebekah Doley

Deliberate firesetting costs our community in destruction to property and lives. Public concern heightens when similar fires occur in a series, raising the specter of copycat firesetting. Difficulties associated with researching copycat crimes in general mean that not a lot is known about copycat firesetting. As an initial step toward filling this research gap, we explore connections between research on copycat crime and research into deliberate firesetting. The intention is to extract salient features from what is known about the phenomena of deliberate firesetting and copycat crime, map them together, and point out shared and unique characteristics. It is argued …

Professor Breaks Ground With Journal On Sexual Violence And Exploitation, Joseph Essig, Donna M. Hughes Dr.

Donna M. Hughes

The Effects Of Frequent Exposure To Violence And Trauma On Police Officers, Ternarian Warren

Ternarian A Warren PhD

Police officers who maintain negative or traumatic information in long-term memory are vulnerable to mental illness, unstable emotional and behavioral responses, interpersonal problems, and impaired social relationships. The cognitive theory suggests that police officers externalize various negative or maladaptive behaviors as a result of frequent exposure to traumatic events. Researchers have found that police officers tend to either not seek mental health treatment, try to fix their own mental health problem, or if in treatment will not be forthcoming with internalized thoughts of psychological distress. The intention of this research was to examine the relationship between police officers' frequent exposure …

False Reports Of Stalking: Motivations And Investigative Considerations, Wayne Petherick, Alicia Jenkins

Wayne Petherick

Stalking is a crime involving repeated and often prolonged harassment of one individual, usually by one other. Despite the prevalence of this interpersonal crime, not all stalking allegations are legitimate, with some being false claims based on a variety of different factors such as false belief, attention or sympathy, and revenge. This study of a sample of false claimants sought to determine whether there are features, such as duration, relationship status and employment among which others could be used to determine the veracity of a stalking complaint. This sample was compared to other like samples and to the common characteristics …

Getting Away With Murder: An Examination Of Detected Homicides Staged As Suicides, Claire Ferguson, Wayne Petherick

Wayne Petherick

Staged crime scenes involve an offender deliberately altering evidence to simulate events to mislead investigators. Despite likely occurring more often than reported in the literature due to success in offender deception, the exact frequency of staged crime scenes is unknown. In an attempt to bridge this gap, a legal database was searched for detected staged scenes. A total of 115 cases were examined, and this study reports on 16 staged suicides that were examined through descriptive analysis. Findings indicate the frequent involvement of firearms, hanging, or asphyxia, and that offenders are usually known to victims, although not necessarily intimately.

Annotated Bibliography: Cruelty To Animals And Violence To Humans (1998-2013), Erich Yahner

Erich Yahner

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Police Processing Reports For Juvenile Graffiti Offenders: Societal Implications, Myra Taylor, Umneea Khan

Myra F Taylor

This paper reports on a Western Australian Police database investigation into gender, age and offence type differences in the processing reports recorded for 1060 juvenile graffiti offenders. The findings reveal no significant differences exist in the processing reports recorded for male and female juvenile offenders. However, the recorded offences committed by 10–12 year old preteen offenders differ significantly from those of 13–14 year old early adolescent and 15–17 year old late adolescent offenders. In light of these differences, the possibility of affording greater processing discretionary powers to Police when dealing with preteen graffiti offenders is discussed.

Hanging With The Hoodies: Towards An Understanding Of The Territorial Tagging Practices Of Prolific Graffiti Writers Seeking An Adolescent Non-Conforming Social Identity, Myra Taylor

Myra F Taylor

Tagging, the unsolicited rendition of a graffiti writer’s street name on someone else’s property, is typically committed by adolescents aged 12-17 years seeking a deviant non-conforming social identity. While graffiti involvement places prolific writers on a trajectory towards more serious criminal offending, little is known about their tagging practices. To address this knowledge shortfall, an examination was conducted of 1,462 graffiti report forms completed by removalists prior to removing graffiti written in an inner city area of Perth, Western Australia over a three month period. Frequency distribution analysis revealed that while 759 individuals collectively wrote 2,729 tags, just 16 prolific …

Book Review: Policing And The Poetics Of Everyday Life., Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

Policing and the poetics of everyday life. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2008. 256 pp. ISBN 978-0-252-03371-1 (cloth). $42.00. Policing and the Poetics of Everyday Life is a hermeneutical-aesthetic analysis within a human scientific approach of modern policing in the United States. It is an important study of police-citizen encounters informed by hermeneutic aesthetic thought and the author’s professional experience as a veteran with a Seattle area police department in Washington, USA.

Winning Counterterrorism's Version Of Pascal's Wager, But Struggling To Open The Purse, Brian J. Gibbs

Brian J. Gibbs

No abstract provided.

The Attachment And Clinical Issues Questionnaire (Aciq): A New Methodology For Science And Practice In Criminology And Forensics, Marc Lindberg

Marc A. Lindberg Ph.D.

Most modern theories suggest that interpersonal relationships are of central importance in the development of criminal behavior. We tested the parent attachment scales of a new research and clinical measure, the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ;Lindberg & Thomas, 2011). It is a 29 scale battery assessing attachments to mother, father, partner, and peers, which also includes several related clinical scales. Sixty-one males (18-20 years of age) from a maximum security detention center and 131 contrasts completed the ACIQ. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that mother and father attachments displayed different patterns. The attachment scales also predicted the numbers of …

A Phenomenological Psychological Study Of The Police Officer's Lived-Experience Of The Use Of Deadly Force, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

A police officer is sometimes required to literally make a potentially life or death decision and act upon it under rapidly evolving and dynamic circumstances involving a variety of mental, physical, and emotional aspects of the deadly force experience. Because the act of using deadly force is so personally impacting, the descriptive phenomenological psychological method was used in this study to provide a qualitative, holistic and personal viewpoint from the officers’ perspective in their lived-experiences. Three city police officers were interviewed and each gave a descriptive account of their experiences with deadly force. It was found that police officers experience …

Metaphors Of Occupation, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

When we consider a fire career as a journey, we start seeing the training, education, and experiences as landmarks along a path.

The Relationship Between The Utilization Of Mental Health Services, Coping Mechanisms, And Reputation In Male Firefighters, Rodger E. Broome Phd, Jessica Bulala Psyd

Rodger E. Broome

The study shows that firefighters believe in masculine ideals, including independence, strength, and straightforwardness. Therefore, it would seem probable that firefighters in treatment would respond well to psychoeducation on communication styles, coping skills, and mental health in general.

Golfing-Unto-Death, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

Drawing from Heidegger’s (2008) Being and Time, the game of golf is analogous to our Being-unto-death. Each day that we awake is another swing at the ball of life. How well we hit the ball determines the position from which subsequent shots can be made, or our “lie.” A poorly made shot tends to send the ball flying into an obstacle like a sand trap, rough turf, or grove of trees that are along each fairway. We begin each day from the Tee, which is a place where we can set up our ball on a tee so that we …

Dying In Good Company, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

The lived experience of having someone die in your presence can have a personal impact. I had the occasion to listen to the account of a paramedic's experience with having a patient literally die in his arms. I was able to offer an existential perspective to him, drawing on the works of Rollo May's the Meaning of Anxiety and Ernest Becker's The Denial of Death when responding to his personal story. I relate the story to you.

Gestalt Of A Group, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

In the recent past, we have seen news reports in the media regarding police response to group activities like the Occupy Movement. Protests are often couched by their participants as Gandhi-Style ordeals and, by purpose and intention, perhaps that is their original design. The peaceful protesters that desire to sit-in merely to be present or be a bother also become the prey of some of the bad elements in society. So they legitimately need police protection. On the other hand, there are also those who may arrive or are in the design, to incite the crowd to commit acts of …

Word From The Chair - Feshe Fire-Ems Education, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

Fire and emergency services is a complex world that presents responders with problems to solve under significant time constraints. We value people who can make decisions on their feet and actualize them quickly with precision. This requires training, education, and experience (TEE).

Gestalt Of A Group, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

In the recent past, we have seen news reports in the media regarding police response to group activities like the Occupy Movement. Protests are often couched by their participants as Gandhi-Style ordeals and, by purpose and intention, perhaps that is their original design. The peaceful protesters that desire to sit-in merely to be present or be a bother also become the prey of some of the bad elements in society. So they legitimately need police protection. On the other hand, there are also those who may arrive or are in the design, to incite the crowd to commit acts of …

Intentional Analysis In Psychological Research, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

http://phenomenologyblog.com/?p=878 Giorgi’s approach to psychological analysis is an analysis of intentionality at the psychological level rather than at the universal level of philosophy. In short, phenomenological research psychologists do not aim at finding universal a priori facts about mental life, but rather to illuminate the lived-experiences of people in various kinds of situations. The purpose of using a Husserlian approach to intentional analysis is to get at the mental acts to see how they are synthesized by the mind into personal meanings. With that in mind, the researcher examines the personal meanings and generates a unified and coherent whole from …

Deadly Paradox Of Self-Defense, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

Police deadly force is not intended to kill, but its purpose is to stop a violent person from hurting others. It is a desperate measure to bring someone physically under control, even at the risk of taking his or her life. In my research, the officers’ lived experience with shooting another person was paradoxical. Each shot fired by the officers was the most horrible thing they had ever done while being vital to surviving the encounters. Every bullet that hit its mark improved the likelihood that the officer would live while each bullet extinguished the life of the adversary. The …

Existential Cycling, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

As I reflected on my thoughts, I reflected on my reflections while my body was hammering through the revolutions of the machine I was riding. I was feeling alive! Pulse racing, hard breathing, and beginning to sweat, I could feel myself cutting through the air as my race carved a rut through the light breeze. There is a transcendence that can be experienced when one is overcoming his or her normal human limitations. Driving power through this highly engineered piece of metal, carbon fiber, and rubber machinery to propel my body at 20 MPH down a city street is expansive …

Fulfilling The Mission - Police Tactical Psychology Bulletin, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

I don’t know if it is still a stock question in hiring and promotional processes or whether it is just to cliché to use, but “why do you what to be a…” is an important question when considering one’s job choice. In the beginning, aspiring police officers and rookies who are becoming cops are driven by a motivation to become a member of something bigger than themselves.

What's The Problem? - Police Tactical Psychology Bulletin, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

An obvious fact is that police officers are problem solvers. Sometimes the most obvious things in life are also those we don’t spend much time reflecting upon.

The Psychology Of "Othering" And The Fears Of Feminizing The Fire Services Through Gender Inclusiveness, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

Editor’s Note: In searching for answers for the way things are – you sometimes have to look at things from a different viewpoint. iWomen thought that Dr. Broome has an interesting perspective as he does consider whether we contribute to our (all women in the fire service) own obstacles by not promoting

A Helmet-Cam For Emergency Responders’ Experience, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

http://phenomenologyblog.com/?p=341 I like to use the analogy of the “helmet cam” (helmet mounted video camera) to describe the Giorgi’s (2009) descriptive phenomenological method of psychology in its applications to police and public safety psychology. The helmet cam gives the viewer of the video a first-person (or subjective) viewpoint that is different than that of a third-party spectator or witness. Helmet cams have also become more popular in television sports coverage. This is because it can give a richer vicarious experience of having the experience. I use the helmet cam analogy because it presents the event’s perspective from the participant’s rather …

It's Not Personal, It's The Law - Police Tactical Psychology Bulletin, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

Meta-communication is the message behind the explicit message(s) in language. In other words, when we say something we always say more than what was there in the words and sentences. There are presumptions and hidden premises that are there which makes each verbal utterance “pregnant” with meaning of which even the speaker is not fully aware.

Deliver Us From Evil - Police Tactical Psychology Bulletin, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

There is no hero or protector without a menace from which to protect or save others. Therefore, it is essential to understanding our adversaries better so that we may better appreciate our service to our citizens

Assessment Of Firesetters, Rebekah Doley, Bruce Watt

Bruce Watt

Extract This chapter will equip readers with the information required to screen and assess arsonists effectively using a number of modalities. The appropriate tools are presented and discussed, along with the evidence base underlying them. The focus of the discussion is on risk assessment, recidivism and dangerousness. In particular, these issues are discussed with reference to mental health and psychiatric patients as arsonists. The terms ’arson’ and ’firesetting’ will be used interchangeably throughout this chapter; the term ‘arson’ is commonly acknowledged to have a legal definition, while firesetting describes the behaviour itself.