Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Other Social and Behavioral Sciences (4)
- Psychology (4)
- Sociology (4)
- Social Psychology (3)
- Civic and Community Engagement (2)
-
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (2)
- Animal Studies (1)
- Community-Based Learning (1)
- Community-Based Research (1)
- Counseling (1)
- Criminology and Criminal Justice (1)
- Developmental Psychology (1)
- Education (1)
- First and Second Language Acquisition (1)
- Gerontology (1)
- Higher Education (1)
- Inequality and Stratification (1)
- Leadership Studies (1)
- Legal Studies (1)
- Linguistics (1)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (1)
- Mental and Social Health (1)
- Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (1)
- Other Sociology (1)
- Politics and Social Change (1)
- Psychiatric and Mental Health (1)
- Public Affairs (1)
- Public Policy (1)
- Institution
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations (7)
- Center for Social Development Research (4)
- LSU Master's Theses (2)
- The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare (2)
- Theses, Dissertations, and Projects (2)
-
- Contemporary Rural Social Work Journal (1)
- Dissertations (1)
- GrandFamilies: The Contemporary Journal of Research, Practice and Policy (1)
- Honors Program Projects (1)
- Honors Theses (1)
- Journal of Social Work in the Global Community (1)
- Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences (1)
- Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024) (1)
- Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers (1)
- Senior Honors Theses (1)
- Social Work Theses (1)
- Theses Digitization Project (1)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (1)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (1)
- Wayne State University Dissertations (1)
- Wayne State University Theses (1)
- Publication Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 33
Full-Text Articles in Social Work
Attitudes Of Social Work Students On The Use Of Psychedelics As A Mental Health Treatment In Clinical Settings, Amanda Nickles
Attitudes Of Social Work Students On The Use Of Psychedelics As A Mental Health Treatment In Clinical Settings, Amanda Nickles
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
Although psychedelic substances are currently categorized under federal law as a Schedule I controlled substance, there has recently been a renewed interest in the use of psychedelics to treat a number of mental health and substance use disorders. Research is garnering positive results in clinical trials, although much fear and stigma still surrounds psychedelic use. Future social workers’ presence in both macro level practices, advocating for mental health treatments and access to care, as well as their work in micro level clinically focused practices adds to their relevancy and legitimacy in advocating for potential policy changes on therapeutic psychedelic usage …
Attitudes Of Muslim Americans Regarding Prejudice And Discrimination Displayed By Non-Muslims, Munder Abderrazzaq
Attitudes Of Muslim Americans Regarding Prejudice And Discrimination Displayed By Non-Muslims, Munder Abderrazzaq
Journal of Social Work in the Global Community
Abstract
Muslim Americans have reported experiencing racial profiling, physical threats, and verbal abuse based on their religion, ethnicity, and color (Samari, 2016). These types of lived experiences can have negative personal consequences for Muslim Americans and influence their attitudes and behavior toward non-Muslims. A literature review conducted by Simon et al. (2018) suggests the need for research that explores the point of view of minorities regarding intolerance displayed by majority members. Intolerance is defined as the refusal and unwillingness to tolerate or respect individuals from different social or minority groups who hold different beliefs. Prejudice and discrimination can hinder the …
Assessing Companion Animal Attachment Among Future Latino Human Services Professionals, Yuleinys A. Castillo, Roy K. Chen
Assessing Companion Animal Attachment Among Future Latino Human Services Professionals, Yuleinys A. Castillo, Roy K. Chen
Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences
As the population of individuals from minoritized ethnic background continues to grow in the United States, the relationship between humans and their companion animals can provide valuable information for human services professionals. Attachment to companion animals can play a significant part in clients’ emotional well-being, family dynamics, and quality of life. This study aimed to examine the associations between human attachment with companion animals and their educational training and attitudes about animals. Analysis revealed that relational attachment was significant among Latino students in the study, and particpants’ positive attitudes and beliefs about animals significantly predicted their level of attachment to …
Utilization Of Telemental Health By Mental Health Professionals During Covid-19, Zayne Boudreauxramirez
Utilization Of Telemental Health By Mental Health Professionals During Covid-19, Zayne Boudreauxramirez
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
It has been established that certain barriers and benefits affect a mental health professional’s attitude towards using telemental health. The purpose of this study was to examine a possible relationship between mental health professional’s discipline, theoretical orientation, and treatment approach with their attitudes towards telemental health utilization. This study collected data from 117 mental health professionals from California. A principal component analysis uncovered four factors with attitudes towards telemental health: confidence with telemental health, concerns about telemental health, peer influence, and professional support & behavioral intent. This study showed significant relationships between discipline, theoretical orientation, and treatment approach with confidence …
Social Work Students' Attitudes Towards Using Yoga, Alexis Freed
Social Work Students' Attitudes Towards Using Yoga, Alexis Freed
Honors Theses
Current social work students are in the position of becoming future professionals who will be providing treatment and referrals to clients. It is crucial that social workers are aware of effective treatments and utilize evidence-based practices. The present study aimed to assess opinions and knowledge of social work students towards using yoga in general and as a therapeutic intervention, which is known as trauma sensitive yoga (TSY). An anonymous survey was created in order to determine this. Participants in this study were male and female students at Western Michigan University within the College of Health and Human Services who were …
Help-Seeking Stigma And Attitudes In College Students And Parents, Samantha Sperling
Help-Seeking Stigma And Attitudes In College Students And Parents, Samantha Sperling
Senior Honors Theses
Help-seeking stigma is a hindrance to obtaining treatment for mental illness and is related to people’s attitudes toward seeking help. Therefore, learning about the various types of stigma and gaining predictive knowledge of the constructs has value. Self-stigma and perceived stigma of others, as well as the attitudes people hold towards seeking help, were compared in college students and their parents. A sample of college students at a private Christian university and their parents were surveyed using the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) scale, the Perception of Stigmatization by Others for Seeking Help (PSOSH) scale, and a short form of …
Social Work Perceptions Of Pedophiles: Opening The Dialogue, Dana Rose Montes
Social Work Perceptions Of Pedophiles: Opening The Dialogue, Dana Rose Montes
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
Pedophiles are the most stigmatized population in society (Jahnke, Imhoff, & Hoyer, 2015; Sanghara & Wilson, 2006). Social worker’s responsibility is to maintain standards and treat individuals with dignity and respect (NASW, 2017). It is important to explore bias against pedophiles because studies have shown bias is linked to offender recidivism rates (Jahnke, Schmidt, Geradt, & Hoyer, 2015). Social workers may unintentionally inhibit pedophiles from seeking treatment if they hold strong biases against them which could potentially negatively impact child abuse rates. The purpose of this study was to identify bias reduction techniques so that they could possibly be implemented …
Cal State San Bernardino Social Work Students' Attitudes Toward Domestic Minor Sex-Trafficked (Dmst) Youth, Crystal Lorraine Marinelli, Andrea Sara Hunt
Cal State San Bernardino Social Work Students' Attitudes Toward Domestic Minor Sex-Trafficked (Dmst) Youth, Crystal Lorraine Marinelli, Andrea Sara Hunt
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking (DMST) affects hundreds of thousands of youth every year. In the past, DMST youth were often viewed by law enforcement and the criminal justice system as "offenders" and were usually arrested for solicitation even though they were minors. While new laws have begun to identify youth as victims, it has not yet been ensured that social workers have adopted this perspective. This quantitative study's purpose was to examine Cal State University San Bernardino (CSUSB) Bachelor of Social Work (BASW) and Master of Social Work (MSW) students' attitudes toward DMST youth. Participants completed an online questionnaire using …
Barriers To Mental Health Treatment For Refugees In Maine : An Exploratory Study, Hayley Fitzgerald
Barriers To Mental Health Treatment For Refugees In Maine : An Exploratory Study, Hayley Fitzgerald
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers refugees face when it comes to accessing mental health treatment in Maine. Research suggests that refugees underutilize mental health services throughout the United States, despite equal to higher rates of mental health symptoms when compared to the general population. To acquire data, eight refugees were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Participants were asked to share about their perceptions of mental illness and mental health treatment, discuss coping mechanisms that they find useful, and offer suggestions for providers working with refugees. Major findings included that stigma, fear, language, and cultural …
Measuring Knowledge And Attitudes Of Clinicians About Motivational Interviewing With Troubled Adolescents, Sophia Joseph Parrilla
Measuring Knowledge And Attitudes Of Clinicians About Motivational Interviewing With Troubled Adolescents, Sophia Joseph Parrilla
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Adolescents with acting-out behavior have an increased risk of dropping out of high school, incarceration, and early mortality. Researchers have indicated the need for studies using motivational interviewing (MI) to promote behavioral change. There is a gap in the literature about the efficacy of MI with adolescents and clinicians' knowledge of, and attitude toward, MI. Using self-determination theory as the grounding theory, this study examined the knowledge and attitudes of 73 clinicians on the island of St. Croix, Virgin Islands, about knowledge and attitudes of MI and whether it predicted the use of MI as a therapeutic intervention for adolescents …
How Different Technological Mediums May Reduce Attitudinal Barrier To The Utilization Of Psychotherapeutic Relationships, Collin T. Browne
How Different Technological Mediums May Reduce Attitudinal Barrier To The Utilization Of Psychotherapeutic Relationships, Collin T. Browne
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This qualitative study explored the use of communication technologies in the context of psychotherapeutic relationships, examining how technology might affect attitudinal barriers preventing young people from utilizing psychotherapy. Research findings emerged from semistructured Skype interviews with 10 participants (age 18-30 years) focused on their beliefs on psychotherapy, communications technology, and the idea of integrating technology into the psychotherapeutic relationship.
A theme analysis of the interviews produced four major findings: (1) psychotherapy is an especially difficult endeavor to begin and maintain; (2) certain qualities of the therapist (trust, expertise, and ‘fit’) are of particular importance; (3) voice and body language are …
Attitudes Toward Police Among College Students: Differences Among Race, Social Work Status, And University History, Lisa Marie Lewis
Attitudes Toward Police Among College Students: Differences Among Race, Social Work Status, And University History, Lisa Marie Lewis
LSU Master's Theses
Minority populations often have more negative attitudes toward the police than their White counterparts. This study explored the differences between Black college students’ attitudes towards the police in comparison to White college students. Using a sample of 1,108 students from a traditional flagship university and a Historically Black College University, the study sought to seek out differences in attitudes toward the police based on race, social work student status, and university history. Results indicated a significant difference between Black students’ attitudes toward the police when compared with their White student counterparts. Results also indicated a significant difference in attitudes toward …
Experiences With Grandparents And Attitudes Toward Custodial Grandparenting, Julie Hicks Patrick, Allyson Stella Graf, Danielle K. Nadorff, Bert Hayslip Jr.
Experiences With Grandparents And Attitudes Toward Custodial Grandparenting, Julie Hicks Patrick, Allyson Stella Graf, Danielle K. Nadorff, Bert Hayslip Jr.
GrandFamilies: The Contemporary Journal of Research, Practice and Policy
The goals of the current study were to examine attitudes about custodial grandparents and to examine whether personal experiences with grandparents influenced those attitudes. Data were provided by 730 younger adults (mean age about 20 years) who completed surveys regarding their experiences with their own grandparents, attitudes toward custodial grandparenting, and openness to becoming a custodial grandparent in the future. Mean differences in attitudes as a function of experience did emerge. In addition, a mixed structural model showed that young adults who felt their grandparents helped to raise them perceived custodial grandparenting as less distressing, and it was these perceptions …
Social Workers' Attitudes Towards Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual And Transgender Adoptions, Christina Nicole Kemper, Natalie Jazmin Reynaga
Social Workers' Attitudes Towards Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual And Transgender Adoptions, Christina Nicole Kemper, Natalie Jazmin Reynaga
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
This study explores the attitudes of social workers in relation to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) adoptions. Race, gender, generation, position and prior LGBT training are factors that can positively or negatively impact social workers’ biases towards LGBT adoptions. Researchers contacted adoption agencies whom agreed to partake in the 26-question survey, including eight demographic questions and an 18 item scale. The current study used an adapted version of the Attitude Toward Gay Men and Lesbians as Adoptive Parent Scale (APS) (α = .95). There were 28 survey respondents, however two surveys were discontinued due to incomplete informed consents. A …
Evidence-Based Practice Attitudes, Knowledge And Perceptions Of Barriers Among Juvenile Justice Professionals, Esther Chao Mckee
Evidence-Based Practice Attitudes, Knowledge And Perceptions Of Barriers Among Juvenile Justice Professionals, Esther Chao Mckee
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This mixed methods study examined the attitudes, knowledge and perceptions of barriers toward Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) among Florida Juvenile Justice Service Professionals (JJSP). Previous research established individual factors such as age, gender, years of professional experience and educational attainment are related to attitudes and perceptions of barriers among social service and mental health professionals, but scant research has been conducted among juvenile justice providers (Aarons 2004, 2010; Rubin & Parrish, 2007, 2012; Jette et al., 2003). Most individual factors were found to have no significant effect on attitude and knowledge scores within this population with exception of gender and major …
Designing A Measure: Measuring Social Workers' Attitudes Toward Lgbt Youth In Child Welfare, Christi E. Bell, Raul A. Salcedo
Designing A Measure: Measuring Social Workers' Attitudes Toward Lgbt Youth In Child Welfare, Christi E. Bell, Raul A. Salcedo
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
This study reports the results of an exploratory factor analysis conducted to analyze the reliability of a pilot instrument created to evaluate social workers’ attitudes toward LGBT youth in the foster care system. The sample (n = 60) included social workers, supervisors, and staff from the County of San Bernardino Children and Family Services. Data were collected from February 2011 to March 2011. A two factor solution yielded the best results; Chronbach’s alpha for factor one yielded a strong result for internal consistency reliability (α = .777) and for factor two yielded a less strong result (α = .628). Strategies …
Teachers’ Beliefs About Mental Health Issues, Shannon R. Kelleher
Teachers’ Beliefs About Mental Health Issues, Shannon R. Kelleher
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
This study examined teachers’ beliefs about mental health issues in students. A quantitative research method was utilized, and survey instrument was created modeled after the theory of planned behavior. Thirty-seven teachers were surveyed in five areas in relation to their beliefs about assessment and referral; including, previous assessment and referral; mental health training; attitudes toward assessment and referral; the perceived social normality of assessment and referral; and perceived self-efficacy or behavior control. These five areas became independent variable measures, with the dependent variable being their future intention of assessing and referring students with mental health issues. Multiple regression analysis revealed …
An Evaluation Of Youth In(Vol)Ved: Impact On Participants' Attitudes Toward Volunteerism, Kelsey G. Steines
An Evaluation Of Youth In(Vol)Ved: Impact On Participants' Attitudes Toward Volunteerism, Kelsey G. Steines
Honors Program Projects
Youth In(VOL)ved is an 8 week youth volunteer program directed by the Grant Wood Area American Red Cross, which is located in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The purpose of the program is to contribute to the American Red Cross’ goal of motivating and recruiting a new generation of volunteers, which supports the organization’s mission of alleviating human suffering in the face of emergencies. This paper examines the impact of Youth In(VOL)ved on participants’ attitudes toward volunteerism, which is information that can be used by the American Red Cross to apply for grant funding and to improve the program in future years. …
Gun Control: College Student Attitudes And The Meaning For Appalachian Social Workers, Ida M. Mills, Mark A. Mills
Gun Control: College Student Attitudes And The Meaning For Appalachian Social Workers, Ida M. Mills, Mark A. Mills
Contemporary Rural Social Work Journal
Senseless and tragic shootings across communities such as Newtown, Connecticut have riveted public attention on gun control. Bombarded by pro- and anti-gun-control forces, policy makers are often reactionary. Social workers must deal with these policies and the clients who fear them. Social scientists have suggested that cultural world views have greater influence on this issue than any other predictors. A survey of rural Appalachian college students (N=294) explored gun control attitudes in order to consider what makes compromise and consensus on the issue of gun control so difficult. It considers these influences and their implications for rural social workers.
The Effects Of An Experiential Learning And Mentorship Program Pairing Medical Students And Persons With Cognitive Impairment: A Qualitative Content Analysis, Darby J. Morhardt
The Effects Of An Experiential Learning And Mentorship Program Pairing Medical Students And Persons With Cognitive Impairment: A Qualitative Content Analysis, Darby J. Morhardt
Dissertations
The United States population is aging rapidly and with it a tremendous rise in the number of people with dementia. In the future, as now, physicians and other health care professionals will likely provide the majority of health care for older people and those with dementia. The non-geriatric trained workforce must have the attitudes, knowledge and skills needed to provide high quality care for this aging and increasingly cognitively impaired population. There is evidence that prevailing stigma regarding older adults can be modified with experiential opportunities early in students' career. Few of these programs are aimed at persons with dementia. …
Relationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse, Weight, And Attitudes Toward Obesity In Lesbians, Amy L. Wright
Relationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse, Weight, And Attitudes Toward Obesity In Lesbians, Amy L. Wright
LSU Master's Theses
In many professional practice settings, it is very likely that social workers will work with female clients who identify as lesbian or bisexual. These sexual minority females are more likely to be overweight or obese, have a history of childhood sexual abuse, and have more positive attitudes toward overweight and obesity than heterosexual women. In this study, the author sought to identify the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, obesity, (specifically, body mass index [BMI]), and attitudes toward obesity among lesbian and bisexual women. Eighty-five sexual minority females completed a survey. Childhood sexual abuse was found to be positively correlated with …
Interviews With Mothers Of Young Children In The Seed For Oklahoma Kids College Savings Experiment, Karen Gray, Margaret Clancy, Margaret S. Sherraden, Kristen Wagner, Julie Miller-Cribbs
Interviews With Mothers Of Young Children In The Seed For Oklahoma Kids College Savings Experiment, Karen Gray, Margaret Clancy, Margaret S. Sherraden, Kristen Wagner, Julie Miller-Cribbs
Center for Social Development Research
Interviews With Mothers of Young Children in the SEED for Oklahoma Kids College Savings Experiment
Nursing Home Caregivers' Attitudes Regarding Sexual Behavior Of Nursing Home Residents: A Cross Sectional Survey, Teresa Madsen
Nursing Home Caregivers' Attitudes Regarding Sexual Behavior Of Nursing Home Residents: A Cross Sectional Survey, Teresa Madsen
Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers
Sexual needs do not disappear as a person ages. It is possible for older adults to maintain their desired level of sexual activity if the environment is accepting and accommodating for the adults’ needs. Those who are institutionalized in nursing homes often have fewer opportunities to meet their needs than those who are not. The purpose of this project was to explore nursing home caregivers’ attitudes toward sexual behavior in their residents and thus assist in identifying areas for further education and educational programming that will allow residents to lead full and happy lives and meet the needs of the …
Child Welfare Professionals On Kinship Caregivers: Attitudes And Implications, Kimberly Ann Brisebois
Child Welfare Professionals On Kinship Caregivers: Attitudes And Implications, Kimberly Ann Brisebois
Wayne State University Dissertations
In 2006, new policies mandated Ontario child welfare agencies to explore potential placements with kin when children are removed from their homes. The philosophical basis driving Ontario policy is the belief that family-based care is better for children. Despite the dramatic rise in the numbers of kinship homes, controversy continues to surround the mandated exploration of kin (Geen, 2003). Kinship policies have required shifts in child placement practices and have imposed changes in the beliefs, attitudes and norms of child welfare professionals. Early practitioners tended to pathologize kinship networks and worked from the belief that children required rescuing from abusive …
Taking Stock Of Ten Years Of Research On The Relationship Between Assets And Children's Educational Outcomes: Implications For Theory, Policy, And Intervention, William Elliott Iii, Mesmin Destin, Terri Friedline
Taking Stock Of Ten Years Of Research On The Relationship Between Assets And Children's Educational Outcomes: Implications For Theory, Policy, And Intervention, William Elliott Iii, Mesmin Destin, Terri Friedline
Center for Social Development Research
This paper has two main goals. First, we provide a review of 38 studies on the relationship between assets and children’s educational attainment. Second, we discuss implications for Child Development Accounts (CDAs) policies. CDAs have been proposed as a potentially novel and promising asset approach for helping to finance college. More specifically, we propose that CDAs should be designed so that, in addition to promoting savings, they include aspects that help make children’s college-bound identity salient, congruent with children’s group identity, and that help children develop strategies for overcoming difficulties.
Attitudes, Behavior, And Social Practice, Harris Chaiklin
Attitudes, Behavior, And Social Practice, Harris Chaiklin
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
The relationship between attitudes and behavior is not symmetrical. A literature review is used to organize a summary of methodological and practical problems in this area. In turn, these findings are used to comment on how sociology and social work practice can take this into account.
Social Workers' Knowledge And Attitudes About Treating Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Angelah Dawn Gomez
Social Workers' Knowledge And Attitudes About Treating Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Angelah Dawn Gomez
Wayne State University Theses
The current research seeks to understand how social work students and social work professionals increase their knowledge about AD/HD and how they formulate their attitudes about the disorder. The literature provided illustrates the many components of AD/HD risks, etiology, treatments, and professional opinions about the disorder. AD/HD is one of the most studied childhood mental health disorders in the nation. However, there is little research providing insight to social workers' knowledge and attitudes about the disorder. This is especially alarming because social workers are one of the largest professional populations to provide mental health services to children and their families. …
Perceptions And Attitudes Toward Violence Against Wives In West Java, Indonesia, Binahayati Binahayati
Perceptions And Attitudes Toward Violence Against Wives In West Java, Indonesia, Binahayati Binahayati
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study explored factors contributing to Indonesians' perceptions and attitudes toward violence against wives. A total of 181 individuals (91 males and 90 females) living in rural and urban households in Kota Bandung (Bandung City) and Kabupaten Bandung (Bandung Regency), West Java Province, Indonesia that were listed in the 2009 National Social Economic Survey were randomly selected. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews with open-ended and closed-ended questions.
The Relationship Between Individualistic Attitudes And Attitudes Towards Traditional Marriage In Contemporary American Society, Mary Sarah Harper
The Relationship Between Individualistic Attitudes And Attitudes Towards Traditional Marriage In Contemporary American Society, Mary Sarah Harper
Social Work Theses
This report examines attitudes of a sample of 100 individuals from the ‘marriage-eligible population’ regarding the Institution of Marriage in relation to the rising prevalence of Individualistic attitudes in contemporary American society. This study found the rise of individualistic attitudes to have a statistically significant positive correlation to the rise in negative attitudes towards traditional marriage. It is argued in this study that the increase in individualistic attitudes is the primary contributing factor to the three trends of marital decline; the increasing divorce rate, the decreasing marriage rate, and the increasing number of alternatives to traditional marriage. This study attempts …
Attitudes Toward Institutional Features And Savings In Individual Development Accounts: Latent Class Analysis, Chang-Keun Han, Michael Sherraden
Attitudes Toward Institutional Features And Savings In Individual Development Accounts: Latent Class Analysis, Chang-Keun Han, Michael Sherraden
Center for Social Development Research
This exploratory study focuses on classifying attitudes toward institutional features of Individual Development Accounts (IDAs). This study also examines to what extent the attitudes change and how they are associated with savings in IDAs. While attitudes toward IDAs are generally positive, latent class analysis (LCA) found 3 groups, “highly positive," “moderately positive,” and “mixed opinion.” Race is significantly associated with the classification. This study found dynamic changes in attitudes at 18 months and 48 months after the baseline interview. While attitudes became somewhat more positive for 18% of participants, they became more negative for 26%. It was also found that …