Science and Technology Studies Commons^™

Linking Development And Innovation: What Does Technological Change Bring To The Society?, Evgeny A. Klochikhin

Evgeny A. Klochikhin

Recently, there has been a popular trend in academic research for paying more attention to ‘pro-poor’ policies and theoretical studies. This tradition has emerged from a broader understanding of development that includes not only economic but also social and political dimensions. Meanwhile, innovation researchers are still considering development as mere economic growth without much focus on the social impacts of technological change. This article recognizes that, despite these fundamental differences, the concepts of innovation and development have much in common and are, in fact, positively connected and mutually beneficial. This assumption has some important implications for the innovation and development …

Exploring The Relationship Between Research Impact And Collaborations For Information Science, Alireza Abbasi

Alireza Abbasi

In this study, we examine whether internal and external collaboration (considering institutional and national levels) among scientific associates with research impact relates to research performance. We extract data from Scopus, a bibliometric database, searching for journal publications having ‘information science’ phrase in their title or keywords or abstracts and retrieve totally 4,579 publications. Spearman correlation rank test is used to examine the hypotheses. Analysis of collected data shows that publication’s impact is significantly and positively associated with collaboration indicators based on authors’ affiliations. However, internal collaborations at both institutional and national levels show stronger associations with publications’ impact than external …

Steps Toward A Socio-Technical Categorization Scheme For Communication And Information Standards, Joann Brooks, Anne W. Rawls

JoAnn M. Brooks

Socio-technical systems continue to grow larger and more complex, comprising increasingly significant portions of contemporary society. Yet systematic understanding of interrelationships between social and technological elements remains elusive, even as computers and information systems proliferate. In this paper, we draw on ethnomethodology to distinguish several different kinds of processes through which communication and information are constituted. We discuss the distinctive properties of each in an effort to develop systematic understanding of basic elements of socio-technical systems. In particular, we offer a basic categorization of communication and information standards, noting the constitutive importance of their accompanying social practices. Implications for theory …

Implementing The Dit-Achiev Model: A Carlingford Case Study, Kevin Griffin, Sheila Flanagan, Jane Fitzgerald

Other resources

No abstract provided.

Games Are Not Coffee Mugs: Games And The Right Of Publicity, 29 Santa Clara Computer & High Tech. L.J. 1 (2012), William K. Ford, Raizel Liebler

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

Are games more like coffee mugs, posters, and T-shirts, or are they more like books, magazines, and films? For purposes of the right of publicity, the answer matters. The critical question is whether games should be treated as merchandise or as expression. Three classic judicial decisions, decided in 1967, 1970, and 1973, held that the defendants needed permission to use the plaintiffs' names in their board games. These decisions judicially confirmed that games are merchandise, not something equivalent to more traditional media of expression. As merchandise, games are not like books; instead, they are akin to celebrity-embossed coffee mugs. To …

Resource Discovery Tools: Supporting Serendipity, Tammera M. Race

DLTS Faculty Publications

Serendipity, the accidental discovery of something useful, plays an important role in discovery and the acquisition of new knowledge. The process and role of serendipity varies across disciplines. As library collections have become increasingly digital faculty lament the loss of serendipity of browsing library stacks. Resource discovery tools may have features that support serendipity as part of information seeking. A comparison of four commercial Web-scale discovery tools, Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) WorldCat® Local1, Serials Solution2® Summon3™, ExLibris4® Primo Central5™, and EBSCO Discovery Services (EDS)6™, links product features to characteristics that support serendipitous discovery. However, having such features is only …

Front Matter

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents (V. 24, 2012)

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

No abstract provided.

Chemical Composition Of 16th- To 18th-Century Glass Beads Excavated In Paris, Laure Dussubieux, Bernard Gratuze

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

Dating from the 16th to 18th centuries, 63 glass artifacts (mostly beads) recovered from two sites in Paris, France, were investigated using chemical analysis in an attempt to determine their place of origin. The late-16th-century material from the Jardins du Carrousel consisted of small, monochrome drawn beads with a soda-lime composition. Attributed to the 17th and 18th centuries, the beads recovered at the adjacent site of the Cours Napoléon were more diverse in shape, color, and composition. Although provenance attribution was difficult due to a lack of comparative data, it was possible to identify an increasing variety of glass recipes …

A Wampum-Inlaid Musket From The 1690 Phips' Shipwreck, Charles Bradley, Karlis Karklins

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

In August of 1690, a fleet of ships under the command of Sir William Phips set sail from Boston to attack Quebec City during the second year of King William's War. The campaign failed and, as the fleet retreated, a number of vessels were wrecked in the St. Lawrence during a violent storm. The remains of one of these was discovered by a diver in a cove at l'Anse aux Bouleaux, Quebec, in 1994. Believed to be the Elizabeth and Mary, the wreck yielded numerous artifacts, including a wide array of weaponry. Among the long arms was a musket whose …

In Memoriam: Roderick Sprague, 1933-2012, Karlis Karklins

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

An archaeologist, educator, and a pioneer in North American trade bead research, Dr. Roderick Sprague passed away in Moscow, Idaho, on 20 August 2012. A staunch supporter of the Society of Bead Researchers, he served as its president from 2004 to 2007, and chaired the Editorial Advisory Committee for a good number of years as well. He also contributed a number of useful articles, news items, and reviews to both the Society's publications. His moral support and the useful comments and suggestions he made concerning these publications will be sorely missed.

Guide To The Description And Classification Of Glass Beads Found In The Americas, Karlis Karklins

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

This guide provides information relevant to the description and classification of glass beads recovered from archaeological sites in North and South America and the Caribbean. It is partly based on and intended to be used with "A Classification System for Glass Beads for the Use of Field Archaeologists," by Kenneth and Martha Kidd. Material presented includes a critical evaluation of several bead classification schemes, an overview of bead manufacturing techniques, a descriptive listing of the various classes and types of beads that have been recorded to date, and an explication of the physical attributes of a bead, as well as …

A Classification System For Glass Beads For The Use Of Field Archaeologists, Kenneth E. Kidd, Martha Ann Kidd

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

As a result of examination of numerous collections of glass beads in northeastern North America and elsewhere, and as a result of a study of the procedures used in their manufacture, the authors propose a classification and nomenclature which they hope will permit exact descriptions and a reference base for all beads found in archaeological excavations. New bead types may be added to the system which is expansible to accommodate all possible variations.

Reviews And End Matter

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

The History of Beads: From 100,000 B.C. to the Present, Revised and Expanded Edition, by Lois Sherr Dubin, and The Worldwide History of Beads, by Lois Sherr Dubin, reviewed by Margret Carey

Phoenix Rising: Narratives in Nyonya Beadwork from the Straits Settlements, by Hwei-Fe'n Cheah, reviewed by Alice Scherer

Journal: Borneo International Beads Conference 2010, Heidi Munan and Freya Martin (eds.), reviewed by Jean Nicholls

Journal: Borneo International Beads Conference 2011, Heidi Munan and Freya Martin (eds.), reviewed by Marjorie Bernbaum

African Dolls/Afrikanische Puppen: The Dulger-Collection, by Frank Jolles, reviewed by Marilee Wood

Cherished …

Heirloom Blue-Glass Melon Beads Of The Tani Tribes, Northeast India, Barbie Campbell Cole

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

The Tani tribes of Arunachal Pradesh in India's remote northeast wear various heirloom necklaces including those composed of highly distinctive melon-shaped beads of wound turquoise-blue glass. These are unique to central Arunachal and were already of considerable age and very highly prized in the early 19th century. The Tanis believe their beads were made by a mythical ancestor in Tibet, but their bubbly opaque blue glass and wound method of production suggest a Chinese origin. The beads have local names which appear to link them to Tsari, one of Tibet's most important Buddhist pilgrimage sites. For centuries, the hostile animist …

Captions And Color Plates (V. 24, 2012)

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

No abstract provided.

Beads: Journal Of The Society Of Bead Researchers - Volume 24 (Complete)

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

No abstract provided.

Steps Toward A Socio-Technical Categorization Scheme For Communication And Information Standards, Joann Brooks, Anne W. Rawls

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Socio-technical systems continue to grow larger and more complex, comprising increasingly significant portions of contemporary society. Yet systematic understanding of interrelationships between social and technological elements remains elusive, even as computers and information systems proliferate. In this paper, we draw on ethnomethodology to distinguish several different kinds of processes through which communication and information are constituted. We discuss the distinctive properties of each in an effort to develop systematic understanding of basic elements of socio-technical systems. In particular, we offer a basic categorization of communication and information standards, noting the constitutive importance of their accompanying social practices. Implications for theory …

Key Ingredients For Your Next Semantics Elevator Talk, Krzysztof Janowicz, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

2012 brought a major change to the semantics research community. Discussions on the use and benefits of semantic technologies are shifting away from the why to the how. Surprisingly this more in stakeholder interest is not accompanied by a more detailed understanding of what semantics research is about. Instead of blaming others for their (wrong) expectations, we need to learn how to emphasize the paradigm shift proposed by semantics research while abstracting from technical details and advocate the added value in a way that relates to the immediate needs of individual stakeholders without overselling. This paper highlights some of …

Anisotropy In The Permeability And Consolidation Characteristics Of Dredged Mud, Dhanya Ganesalingam, Jayantha Ameratunga, Guy Schweitzer, Peter Boyle, Nagaratnam Sivakugan

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Dredging and land reclamation is a billion dollar industry that is spread around the coastal regions of Australia. Maintenance dredging is carried out regularly in many major Australian ports and in several cases the dredged mud is pumped ashore into containment paddocks at high water contents. When the dredged mud settles, there can be segregation with possible anisotropy. The sedimentation of the dredged mud is followed by self-weight consolidation which can take a long time. To accelerate the consolidation process, prefabricated vertical drains and surcharge are often used. To analyse the consolidation process of the dredged mud with vertical drains …

Analytical Solution For Interaction Forces In Rc Beams Strengthened With Nsm Rectangular Bars, S S. Zhang, J G. Teng

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The flexural performance of an RC beam can be improved using the near-surface mounted (NSM) FRP strengthening technique. In such FRP-strengthened RC beams, debonding failure at the two bar ends may occur due to high interaction forces in the bar-end regions between the RC beam and the FRP bars. This paper presents a theoretical investigation into these interaction forces in RC beams strengthened with NSM FRP rectangular bars. By introducing and defining two interfacial stiffness parameters, an analytical solution for the tangential and the normal interaction forces is first obtained as an extension of the analytical solution developed by Smith …

Analytical Model For Bar-End Cover Separation Failure In Rc Beams Strengthened With Near-Surface Mounted Frp, S S. Zhang, J G. Teng, J F. Chen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The flexural performance of RC beams can be improved using the near-surface mounted (NSM) FRP strengthening technique. A likely failure mode of such FRP-strengthened RC beams is bar-end cover separation which involves the detachment of the NSM FRP reinforcement together with the concrete cover along the level of the steel tension reinforcement. This paper presents a new analytical strength model for this failure mode. The proposed strength model and two existing strength models for this failure mode are compared with test results to demonstrate the superior performance of the new analytical model.

Design Optimization And Comparative Analysis Of Silicon-Nanowire-Based Couplers, Hongqiang Li, Xiaye Dong, Enbang Li, Zhihui Liu, Yaoting Bai

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Three kinds of highly compact 2 x 2 couplers based on silicon nanowire are designed and optimized for the array waveguide grating (AWG) demodulation integration microsystem in this paper. These couplers are directional (X) coupler, cross gap coupler (CGC), and multimode interface (MMI) coupler. The couplers are simulated using the beam propagation method. The distance between the input/output waveguides is set to 10 μm considering the test of a single device in the following work. The total footprint of X coupler is 10 μmx 300 μm. The length of parallel film waveguide is 1 μm. After optimization, the minimum excess …

A Zero-Sum Competitive Multi-Player Game, Ivan W. Guo, Marek Rutkowski

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

A single period, zero-sum, multi-player game is constructed. Each player can either exit the game for a fixed payoff or stay and split the remaining payoff with the other non-exiting players. The emphasis is put on the rivalrous nature of the payoffs, meaning that the sum of all payoffs is fixed, but the exact allocation is based on the players' decisions. The value at which Nash and optimal equilibria are attained is shown to be unique and it is constructed explicitly.

Delivering Zero Carbon Homes In The Uk, Emma Elizabeth Heffernan, Wei Pan, Xi Liang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In the UK and internationally, a plethora of voluntary and mandatory energy efficiency standards for new buildings exist, with the common aim of mitigating the impact of new buildings on climate change. However, the take-up of voluntary schemes has been limited and, as a result, many governments have seen the need to introduce mandatory schemes through legislation; from 2016 all new build homes in England and Wales will be required to achieve zero carbon in regulated energy consumption. The international context of voluntary and mandatory building energy efficiency standards is examined through a review of the literature. The review is …

Cold Model Study Of Blast Gas Discharge From The Taphole During The Blast Furnace Hearth Drainage, Qinglin He, Geoffrey M. Evans, Paul Zulli, Francis Tanzil

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Blast gas discharge from the taphole in the course of the blast furnace hearth drainage was experimentally studied using a packed bed cold model. It was found that gas break-through time was strongly influenced by the furnace operating conditions and coke bed structure. Gas break-through time decreases with (a) increasing draining rate; (b) decreasing slag and iron levels in the hearth; and (c) increasing slag viscosity. It increases with an increase in the coke-free layer depth and coke-free space width. Under certain conditions, the gas-liquid interface in the region directly above the taphole becomes unstable, leading to viscous finger formation …

Long-Distance Walking Effect On Below-Knee Amputee Compensatory Gait Patterns And Implications On Prosthetic Designs And Training, L F. Yeung, Aaron Leung, Ming Zhang, Winson Lee

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Trans-tibial amputees are advised to walk as much as able people to achieve healthy and independent life. However, they usually have difficulties in doing so. Previous researches only included data from a few steps when studying the gait of amputees. Walking over a long distance was rarely examined. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in spatial-temporal, kinetic and kinematic gait parameters of trans-tibial amputees after long-distance walking. Six male unilateral trans-tibial amputees performed two sessions of 30-min walking on a level treadmill at their self-selected comfortable speed. Gait analysis was undertaken over-ground: (1) before walking, (2) …

Is It Important To Position Foot In Subtalar Joint Neutral Position During Non-Weight-Bearing Molding For Foot Orthoses?, Winson Lee, Christina Lee, Aaron Leung, Stephen W. Hutchins

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

When taking molds for foot orthoses, it is accepted practice to position the subtalar joint in its neutral position. However, foot orthoses have no contact with the talus, and this leads to a hypothesis that as long as there is correction available to appropriately align the forefoot relative to the hindfoot when taking a mold, changes in subtalar joint angles do not lead to significant alterations in the plantar surface shapes of the molds taken. This study tested this presumption with 20 subjects between 22 and 46 years old. During non-weight-bearing casting, the subtalar joints were aligned at positions of …

Comparison Of Custom-Moulded Ankle Orthosis With Hinged Joints And Off-The-Shelf Ankle Braces In Preventing Ankle Sprain In Lateral Cutting Movements, Winson Lee, Toshiki Kobayashi, Barton Choy, Aaron Leung

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

BACKGROUND: A custom moulded ankle orthosis with hinged joints potentially offers a better control over the subtalar joint and the ankle joint during lateral cutting movements, due to total contact design and increase in material strength. OBJECTIVES: To test the above hypothesis by comparing it to three other available orthoses. STUDY DESIGN: Repeated measures. METHODS: Eight subjects with a history of ankle sprains (Grade 2), and 11 subjects without such history performed lateral cutting movements in four test conditions: 1) non-orthotic, 2) custom-moulded ankle orthosis with hinges, 3) Sport-Stirrup, and 4) elastic ankle sleeve with plastic support. A VICON motion …

Effectiveness Of Adjustable Dorsiflexion Night Splint In Combination With Accommodative Foot Orthosis On Plantar Fasciitis, Winson Lee, W Y. Wong, Eddy Kung, Aaron Leung

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Foot orthoses and night splints have been used separately to treat patients with plantar fasciitis, but were not always successful. Combined use of both orthoses might give better outcomes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a soft and self-adjustable dorsiflexion night splint in combination with an accommodative foot orthosis for patients with plantar fasciitis. Twenty-eight patients were assigned to group A (foot orthosis only) and group B (combination of foot orthosis and dorsiflexion night splints). A foot function index (FFI) questionnaire was used to evaluate the pain and functions of feet just before, 2 weeks after, and 8 weeks after …