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Articles 1 - 30 of 40
Full-Text Articles in Science and Technology Studies
Ssrn As An Initial Revolution In Academic Knowledge Aggregation And Dissemination, David Bray, Sascha Vitzthum, Benn Konsynski
Ssrn As An Initial Revolution In Academic Knowledge Aggregation And Dissemination, David Bray, Sascha Vitzthum, Benn Konsynski
Sascha Vitzthum
Within this paper we consider our results of using the Social Science Research Network (SSRN) over a period of 18 months to distribute our working papers to the research community. Our experiences have been quite positive, with SSRN serving as a platform both to inform our colleagues about our research as well as inform us about related research (through email and telephoned conversations of colleagues who discovered our paper on SSRN). We then discuss potential future directions for SSRN to consider, and how SSRN might well represent an initial revolution in 21st century academic knowledge aggregation and dissemination. Our paper …
Towards Self-Organizing, Smart Business Networks: Let’S Create ‘Life’ From Inert Information, David Bray, Benn Konsynski
Towards Self-Organizing, Smart Business Networks: Let’S Create ‘Life’ From Inert Information, David Bray, Benn Konsynski
David A. Bray
We review three different theories that can inform how researchers can determine the performance of smart business networks, to include: (1) the Theory of Evolution, (2) the Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm, and (3) research insights into computers and cognition. We suggest that each of these theories demonstrate that to be generally perceived as smart, an organism needs to be self-organizing, communicative, and tool-making. Consequentially, to determine the performance of a smart business network, we suggest that researchers need to determine the degree to which it is self-organizing, communicative, and tool-making. We then relate these findings to the Internet and …
666 Or 616 (Rev. 13,18), M. G. Michael
The Genre Of The Apocalypse: What Are They Saying Now?, M. G. Michael
The Genre Of The Apocalypse: What Are They Saying Now?, M. G. Michael
M. G. Michael
No abstract provided.
The Dtv Coupon Program: A Boon To Retailers, Not Consumers, Scott J. Wallsten
The Dtv Coupon Program: A Boon To Retailers, Not Consumers, Scott J. Wallsten
Scott J. Wallsten
No abstract provided.
A Climate Of Trust: Perceptions Of Legitimate Authority In A Volunteer Computing Project, Peter Darch, Annamaria Carusi, Marina Jirotka
A Climate Of Trust: Perceptions Of Legitimate Authority In A Volunteer Computing Project, Peter Darch, Annamaria Carusi, Marina Jirotka
Peter Darch
Volunteer computing projects are computationally-intensive scientific research projects which seek to meet their need for data processing capacity by asking members of the public to download and process project data on their personal computers. This paper presents findings from a study of the interactions in an online forum of participants in such a project, climateprediction.net. It focuses upon the beliefs of one group of participants, who have been identified as particularly critical to the success of volunteer computing projects, about the organizational policies of climateprediction.net and what are appropriate and inappropriate ways for other participants to behave in the forums.
A Climate Of Trust: Perceptions Of Legitimate Authority In A Volunteer Computing Project, Peter Darch, Annamaria Carusi, Marina Jirotka
A Climate Of Trust: Perceptions Of Legitimate Authority In A Volunteer Computing Project, Peter Darch, Annamaria Carusi, Marina Jirotka
Peter Darch
Volunteer computing projects are computationally-intensive scientific research projects which seek to meet their need for data processing capacity by asking members of the public to download and process project data on their personal computers. This paper presents findings from a study of the interactions in an online forum of participants in such a project, climateprediction.net. It focuses upon the beliefs of one group of participants, who have been identified as particularly critical to the success of volunteer computing projects, about the organizational policies of climateprediction.net and what are appropriate and inappropriate ways for other participants to behave in the forums.
Emergence Of Nanodistricts In The United States: Path Dependency Or New Opportunities?, Philip Shapira, Jan Youtie
Emergence Of Nanodistricts In The United States: Path Dependency Or New Opportunities?, Philip Shapira, Jan Youtie
Philip Shapira
Multiple economic development theories suggest that research and innovation in emerging technologies will cluster in certain locations rather then distributing equally among all regions. If this is the case, this distributional pattern has implications for where future economic opportunities as well as future risks will be concentrated. In this paper, we probe nanotechnology (hereafter nano) research and commercialization at a regional level. The study examines the top 30 US “nanodistricts” or metropolitan areas which lead in nanotechnology research activity over the 1990-2006 timeframe. We explore the factors underlying the emergence of these 30 metropolitan areas through exploratory cluster analysis. We …
Eureka! Winning Ways: Analysis Of Early Client Experiences, Lynne Manrique, Kamau Bobb, David Roessner, Jan Youtie, Philip Shapira
Eureka! Winning Ways: Analysis Of Early Client Experiences, Lynne Manrique, Kamau Bobb, David Roessner, Jan Youtie, Philip Shapira
Philip Shapira
The Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a longstanding record of helping small- and medium-sized (SME) manufacturers to identify and implement technologies and practices that improve manufacturing efficiency and product quality. More recently, MEP has begun to build a growth services portfolio to assist manufacturers with the development of new products, new customers, and new markets. Its first growth services offering, called Eureka! Winning Ways (E!WW), was piloted in late 2006 and has been implemented widely since the beginning of 2008. To explore the nature of early E!WW client experiences, as well …
Testimony For Fcc En Banc Hearing At Carnegie Mellon University On Broadband And The Digital Future, Scott J. Wallsten
Testimony For Fcc En Banc Hearing At Carnegie Mellon University On Broadband And The Digital Future, Scott J. Wallsten
Scott J. Wallsten
No abstract provided.
10th Annual International Global Business & Technology Association Conference | Madrid, Spain, Patrick Flanagan
10th Annual International Global Business & Technology Association Conference | Madrid, Spain, Patrick Flanagan
Patrick Flanagan
At this annual international meeting of the Global Business and Technology Association held in Madrid, Spain, Patrick Flanagan co-authored two papers with Frank P. Le Veness, Department of Government and Politics, St. John's University, Queens, NY (www.stjohns.edu) and served as a discussant for one concurrent session.
Coercing Consensus: Unintended Success Of The Octopus Electronic Payment System, Leung-Sea, Lucia Siu
Coercing Consensus: Unintended Success Of The Octopus Electronic Payment System, Leung-Sea, Lucia Siu
Prof. SIU Leung-sea, Lucia
This paper contrasts the success and failure of two electronic payment systems in Hong Kong, Octopus and Mondex, during 1996-2002. The case illustrates the new properties of electronic currencies, and provides insights for product designers and regulators. Mondex was endowed with the full legal status of money, launched by a mammoth banking group, with Mondex cards given away for free to consumers. Yet the Mondex system went into oblivion within five years. Octopus started as a modest stored value transport ticket that required a deposit. It ended up as a city-wide multipurpose payment card used by 95% of the adult …
The Corporate Assault On Democracy, Sharon Beder
The Corporate Assault On Democracy, Sharon Beder
Sharon Beder
The revolutionary shift that we are witnessing at the beginning of the 21st Century from democracy to corporate rule is as significant as the shift from monarchy to democracy, which ushered in the modern age of nation states. It represents a wholesale change in cultural values and aspirations.
Electricity: The Global Impact Of Power Reforms, Sharon Beder
Electricity: The Global Impact Of Power Reforms, Sharon Beder
Sharon Beder
Dozens of governments have embarked on the pathway to electricity deregulation and privatisation since the mid-1990s. It has become the accepted wisdom amongst governments and opinion leaders despite the consequent price rises and disasters that have followed in its wake: the series of blackouts that have been experienced from Buenos Aires to Auckland; the government bailouts of electricity companies that have been necessary in California and Britain; the need for electricity rationing in Brazil; and the fact that it has become too expensive for millions of people from India to South Africa.
National Security: The Social Implications Of The Politics Of Transparency, M G. Michael, Katina Michael
National Security: The Social Implications Of The Politics Of Transparency, M G. Michael, Katina Michael
M. G. Michael
This special issue of Prometheus is dedicated to the theme of the Social Implications of National Security Measures on Citizens and Business. National security measures can be defined as those technical and non-technical measures that have been initiated as a means to curb breaches in national security, irrespective of whether these might occur by nationals or aliens in or from outside the sovereign state. National security includes such government priorities as maintaining border control, safeguarding against pandemic outbreaks, preventing acts of terror, and even discovering and eliminating identification fraud. Governments worldwide are beginning to implement information and communication security techniques …
Historical Lessons On Id Technology And The Consequences Of An Unchecked Trajectory, Katina Michael, M G. Michael
Historical Lessons On Id Technology And The Consequences Of An Unchecked Trajectory, Katina Michael, M G. Michael
M. G. Michael
This paper traces the use of identification techniques throughout the ages and focuses on the growing importance of citizen identification by governments. The paper uses a historical approach beginning with manual techniques such as tattoos, through to more recent automatic identification (auto-ID) techniques such as smart cards and biometrics. The findings indicate that identification techniques born for one purpose have gradually found their way into alternate applications, and in some instances have been misused altogether. There is also strong evidence to suggest that governments are moving away from localized identification schemes to more global systems based on universal lifetime identifiers.
Privacy, Value And Control Issues In Four Mobile Business Applications, Benjamin D. Renegar, Katina Michael, M G. Michael
Privacy, Value And Control Issues In Four Mobile Business Applications, Benjamin D. Renegar, Katina Michael, M G. Michael
M. G. Michael
This paper presents four case studies that explore the adoption and acceptance of mobile technologies and services within the context of the privacy-value-control (PVC) trichotomy. The technologies studied include: the mobile phone, electronic toll payment tags, e-passports, and loyalty card programs. The study shows that despite the potential barriers to adoption in each of the depicted cases, the applications were embraced with great success soon after their introduction. An understanding of why these mobile innovations succeeded in spite of the concerns surrounding them will serve to help practitioners understand other issues currently plaguing emerging technologies like radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags …
Refining Search Terms For Nanotechnology, Alan L. Porter, Jan Youtie, Philip Shapira, David J. Schoeneck
Refining Search Terms For Nanotechnology, Alan L. Porter, Jan Youtie, Philip Shapira, David J. Schoeneck
Philip Shapira
The ability to delineate the boundaries of an emerging technology is central to obtaining an understanding of the technology’s research paths and commercialization prospects. Nowhere is this more relevant than in the case of nanotechnology (hereafter identified as “nano”) given its current rapid growth and multidisciplinary nature. (Under the rubric of nanotechnology, we also include nanoscience and nanoengineering.) Past efforts have utilized several strategies, including simple term search for the prefix nano, complex lexical and citation-based approaches, and bootstrapping techniques. This research introduces a modularized Boolean approach to defining nanotechnology which has been applied to several research and patenting databases. …
Understanding International Broadband Comparisons, Scott J. Wallsten
Understanding International Broadband Comparisons, Scott J. Wallsten
Scott J. Wallsten
No abstract provided.
Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen Durch „Intelligente Umgebungen“, Michael Friedewald, Ralf Lindner
Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen Durch „Intelligente Umgebungen“, Michael Friedewald, Ralf Lindner
Michael Friedewald
Mit der umfassenden drahtlosen Vernetzung und Computerisierung von Alltagsgegenständen und Umgebungen werden nicht nur neuartige Anwendungen möglich, sondern auch zahlreiche Risiken erzeugt. Soll Ambient Intelligence (AmI) ein Erfolg werden, ist es erforderlich, angemessene Maß- nahmen zu ergreifen, um Privatsphäre, Sicherheit oder Vertrauen in den jeweiligen Anwendungskontexten zu gewährleisten. Dabei besteht die Herausforderung darin, frühzeitig Vorkehrungen gegen Risiken zu entwickeln, die noch nicht manifest sind. Im Rahmen des EU-Projekts „Safeguards in a World of Ambient Intelligence“ wurden Szenarien entwickelt, mit deren Hilfe poten- zielle Risiken in einer frühen Phase der Technikentwicklung identifiziert wurden. Der Beitrag skizziert die angewandte Szenarienmethode, präsentiert die …
Reverse Auctions And Universal Telecommunications Service: Lessons From Global Experience, Scott J. Wallsten
Reverse Auctions And Universal Telecommunications Service: Lessons From Global Experience, Scott J. Wallsten
Scott J. Wallsten
The United States now spends around $7 billion on universal service programs—subsidies intended to ensure that the entire country has access to telecommunications services. Most of this money supports telecommunications service in “high cost” (primarily rural) areas, and the High Cost fund is growing quickly. In response to this growth, policymakers are considering using reverse auctions, or bids for the minimum subsidy, as a way to reduce expenditures. While the U.S. has not yet distributed funds for universal service programs using reverse auctions, the method has been used widely. First, reverse auctions are akin to standard government procurement procedures, which …
The Illusion Of Security, David Wright, Michael Friedewald, Wim Schreurs, Michiel Verlinden, Serge Gutwirth, Yves Punie, Ioannis Maghiros, Elena Vildjiounaite, Petteri Alahuhta
The Illusion Of Security, David Wright, Michael Friedewald, Wim Schreurs, Michiel Verlinden, Serge Gutwirth, Yves Punie, Ioannis Maghiros, Elena Vildjiounaite, Petteri Alahuhta
Michael Friedewald
No abstract provided.
The Network Society From Knowledge To Policy
La Gobernanza De La Política Científica Y Tecnológica En España, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Ignacio Fernández-De-Lucio, Emilio Muñoz, Jesús Sebastián, Javier López-Facal, Arturo García-Arroyo
La Gobernanza De La Política Científica Y Tecnológica En España, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Ignacio Fernández-De-Lucio, Emilio Muñoz, Jesús Sebastián, Javier López-Facal, Arturo García-Arroyo
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
Esta ponencia ha sido elaborada por un grupo de trabajo de la Red CTI/CSIC1 y es fruto de los trabajos y debates internos en la Red en los últimos dos años. Su presentación en el Encuentro de Cáceres pretende abrir el debate con los diferentes actores de los procesos de investigación, de su difusión y gestión, tanto política como operativa. Como resultado de este debate se pretende aportar reflexiones y propuestas que puedan ser útiles en el diseño y ejecución de las políticas científicas y tecnológicas en España. La ponencia se estructura en cuatro partes: las dos primeras plantean aspectos …
Knowledge Intensive Service Activities That Matter For Industry Innovation: Evidences From A Peripheral Region, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Cristina Martínez-Fernández, Irene Ramos-Vielba, Carmen Merchán-Hernández
Knowledge Intensive Service Activities That Matter For Industry Innovation: Evidences From A Peripheral Region, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Cristina Martínez-Fernández, Irene Ramos-Vielba, Carmen Merchán-Hernández
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
The innovation systems literature has long considered the role of different actors and institutions in the promotion and diffusion of innovation, both in industry systems and in regional systems. An area of increasing attention but where less evidence is found is how open innovation occurs in enterprises located in peripheral regions; specifically which knowledge intensive service activities (KISA) are core for their innovation efforts and how are they co-produced through internal and external sources. This paper discusses innovation related knowledge intensive service activities in enterprises of a region of Southern Spain (Andalucia) and how these activities constitute a system of …
¿Quién Responde A Las Encuestas De Innovación? Problemas Metodológicos Y Calidad De Los En El Estudio De La Innovación Empresarial, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Carmen Merchán-Hernández
¿Quién Responde A Las Encuestas De Innovación? Problemas Metodológicos Y Calidad De Los En El Estudio De La Innovación Empresarial, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Carmen Merchán-Hernández
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
Las encuestas de innovación a empresas son un instrumento habitual para el análisis y diagnóstico de los recursos y actividades de I+D e innovación en el tejido productivo. Las pautas metodológicas y, en especial, las definiciones de los conceptos que se emplean en este tipo de encuestas suelen recogerse en manuales dirigidos a facilitar comparaciones internacionales, tales como el denominado Manual de Oslo de la OCDE (1992, 1997 y 2005). Estas directrices comunes han ido dirigidas a normalizar conceptos y procedimientos, si bien aún no se han logrado despejar importantes dudas en torno al diseño y ejecución de las encuestas …
Familia, Empresa Y Juventud: Elementos Para El Estudio De La Interacción Intergeneracional En Las Empresas Familiares, Marian Pérez-Marín, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
Familia, Empresa Y Juventud: Elementos Para El Estudio De La Interacción Intergeneracional En Las Empresas Familiares, Marian Pérez-Marín, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
Partiendo de estudios realizados en las Comunidades valenciana y andaluza, con el presente trabajo pretendemos perfilar dos aspectos que, en el tejido empresarial español, consideramos que configuran de forma muy significativa el empleo y las dinámicas psicosociales que se establecen en torno a él. En nuestro artículo hacemos especial hincapié, por un lado, en las particularidades del empleo en los jóvenes y las empresas familiares, su papel en la creación de empresas y, por otro, en las especiales dinámicas que modulan el ambiente laboral cuando éste se da en contextos familiares. Desde una perspectiva social, hablamos del comportamiento emprendedor, del …
¿Hacia Dónde Va La Política Científica Y Tecnológica En España?, Jesús Sebastián, Irene Ramos-Vielba, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
¿Hacia Dónde Va La Política Científica Y Tecnológica En España?, Jesús Sebastián, Irene Ramos-Vielba, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
No abstract provided.
Recursos Humanos En El Sistema Andaluz De Universidades: Análisis Prospectivo De Las Necesidades De Personal Docente E Investigador, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Elena Espinosa-De-Los-Monteros, María Jiménez-Buedo, Manuel Pérez-Yruela
Recursos Humanos En El Sistema Andaluz De Universidades: Análisis Prospectivo De Las Necesidades De Personal Docente E Investigador, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Elena Espinosa-De-Los-Monteros, María Jiménez-Buedo, Manuel Pérez-Yruela
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
No abstract provided.
Public Policy Subsystems Dealing With Ethically Contested Medical-Technological Issues, Robert Hoppe
Public Policy Subsystems Dealing With Ethically Contested Medical-Technological Issues, Robert Hoppe
Robert Hoppe
No abstract provided.