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2010

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Articles 31 - 60 of 252

Full-Text Articles in Science and Technology Studies

Politiques Envers Les Migrants Hautement Qualifiés: Analyse Comparée Du Canada, Etats-Unis Et Union Européenne, Hristina Petrova Jul 2010

Politiques Envers Les Migrants Hautement Qualifiés: Analyse Comparée Du Canada, Etats-Unis Et Union Européenne, Hristina Petrova

Hristina Petrova

My Master’s thesis is among the few, if not the only work which examines in comparative perspective the public policies of Canada, USA and EU (EU level) in the field of highly skilled migration. I find that this type of migration is understudied, not supported by any of the migration-related organizations, most probably due to its business nature. The triple case study explores the Canadian federal points-based system and the Provincial Programs; the US Green Cards and the H-1B visas; and the EU directive concerning the Blue Cards. My original contribution to the field goes as far as I dwell …

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A Combined Fmri And Dti Examination Of Functional Language Lateralization And Arcuate Fasciculus Structure: Effects Of Degree Versus Direction Of Hand Preference Author Links Open Overlay Panel, Ruth E. Propper, Lauren J. O'Donnell, Stephen Whalen, Yanmei Tie, Isaiah Norton, Ralph O. Suarez, Lilla Zollei, Alireza Radmanesh, Alexandra Golby Jul 2010

A Combined Fmri And Dti Examination Of Functional Language Lateralization And Arcuate Fasciculus Structure: Effects Of Degree Versus Direction Of Hand Preference Author Links Open Overlay Panel, Ruth E. Propper, Lauren J. O'Donnell, Stephen Whalen, Yanmei Tie, Isaiah Norton, Ralph O. Suarez, Lilla Zollei, Alireza Radmanesh, Alexandra Golby

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The present study examined the relationship between hand preference degree and direction, functional language lateralization in Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, and structural measures of the arcuate fasciculus. Results revealed an effect of degree of hand preference on arcuate fasciculus structure, such that consistently-handed individuals, regardless of the direction of hand preference, demonstrated the most asymmetric arcuate fasciculus, with larger left versus right arcuate, as measured by DTI. Functional language lateralization in Wernicke’s area, measured via fMRI, was related to arcuate fasciculus volume in consistent-left-handers only, and only in people who were not right hemisphere lateralized for language; given the …

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An Economic Overview Of The Implications For Online Video Of The Proposed Comcast-Nbcu Transaction, Scott J. Wallsten Jul 2010

An Economic Overview Of The Implications For Online Video Of The Proposed Comcast-Nbcu Transaction, Scott J. Wallsten

Scott J. Wallsten

No abstract provided.

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Ubiquitäres Computing – Vision Einer Von Informationstechnologie Durchdrungenen Welt, Michael Friedewald Jul 2010

Ubiquitäres Computing – Vision Einer Von Informationstechnologie Durchdrungenen Welt, Michael Friedewald

Michael Friedewald

Das Ubiquitäre Computing hat seine Wurzeln in den wegweisenden Arbeiten von Mark Weiser, der bis zu seinem Tod 1999 als leitender Wissenschaftler am Xerox-Forschungszentrum im Silicon Valley tätig war. Er propagierte schon 1991 in einem visionären Artikel im »Scientific American« den allgegenwärtigen Com- puter, der unsichtbar und unaufdringlich den Menschen bei seinen Tätigkeiten unterstützt und ihn von lästigen Routineaufgaben weitestgehend befreit. Der Computer als sichtbares Gerät sollte nach Weisers Auffassung verschwinden, dessen informationsverarbeitende Funktionalität aber überall verfügbar sein. Heute scheinen wir auf dem Weg dahin schon weit vorangekommen zu sein.

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10302 Summary - Learning Paradigms In Dynamic Environments, Barbara Hammer, Pascal Hitzler Jul 2010

10302 Summary - Learning Paradigms In Dynamic Environments, Barbara Hammer, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

The seminar centered around problems which arise in the context of machine learning in dynamic environments. Particular emphasis was put on a couple of specific questions in this context: how to represent and abstract knowledge appropriately to shape the problem of learning in a partially unknown and complex environment and how to combine statistical inference and abstract symbolic representations; how to infer from few data and how to deal with non i.i.d. data, model revision and life-long learning; how to come up with efficient strategies to control realistic environments for which exploration is costly, the dimensionality is high and data …

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Biomedical Ontologies For Parasite Research, Vinh Nguyen, Satya S. Sahoo, Priti Parikh, Todd Minning, Brent Weatherly, Flora Logan, Amit P. Sheth, Rick Tarleton Jul 2010

Biomedical Ontologies For Parasite Research, Vinh Nguyen, Satya S. Sahoo, Priti Parikh, Todd Minning, Brent Weatherly, Flora Logan, Amit P. Sheth, Rick Tarleton

Kno.e.sis Publications

Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis, which is the leading cause of death in Latin America. The primary objective of this study is to create an ontology-driven information infrastructure to support parasite researchers in identifying gene knockout, vaccination, or drug targets for T. cruzi. This involves querying across multiple datasets from diverse sources, such as proteome, pathway, internal lab data, etc. that are often represented in heterogeneous formats. To address this, a multi-ontology parasite knowledge repository (PKR) is being created with an intuitive graphical query interface called Cuebee. The PKR is underpinned by …

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Cloud Based Scientific Workflow For Nmr Data Analysis, Ashwin Manjunatha, Paul E. Anderson, Satya S. Sahoo, Ajith Harshana Ranabahu, Michael L. Raymer, Amit P. Sheth Jul 2010

Cloud Based Scientific Workflow For Nmr Data Analysis, Ashwin Manjunatha, Paul E. Anderson, Satya S. Sahoo, Ajith Harshana Ranabahu, Michael L. Raymer, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

This work presents a service oriented scientific workflow approach to NMR-based metabolomics data analysis. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach by implementing several common spectral processing techniques in the cloud using a parallel map-reduce framework, Hadoop.

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Trust Model For Semantic Sensor And Social Networks: A Preliminary Report, Pramod Anantharam, Cory Andrew Henson, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Amit P. Sheth Jul 2010

Trust Model For Semantic Sensor And Social Networks: A Preliminary Report, Pramod Anantharam, Cory Andrew Henson, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

Trust is an amorphous concept that is becoming Increasingly important in many domains, such as P2P networks, E-commerce, social networks, and sensor networks. While we all have an intuitive notion of trust, the literature is scattered with a wide assortment of differing definitions and descriptions; often these descriptions are highly dependent on a single domain or application of interest. In addition, they often discuss orthogonal aspects of trust while continuing to use the general term “trust”. In order to make sense of the situation, we have developed an ontology of trust that integrates and relates its various aspects into a …

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Sit-To-Stand Detection Using Fuzzy Clustering Techniques, Tanvi Banerjee, James M. Keller, Marjorie Skubic, Carmen Abbott Jul 2010

Sit-To-Stand Detection Using Fuzzy Clustering Techniques, Tanvi Banerjee, James M. Keller, Marjorie Skubic, Carmen Abbott

Kno.e.sis Publications

The ability to rise from a chair is an important parameter to assess the balance deficits of a person. In particular, this can be an indication of risk for falling in elderly persons. Our goal is automated assessment of fall risk using video data. Towards this goal, we present a simple yet effective method of detecting transition, i.e. sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit, from image frames using fuzzy clustering methods on image moments. The technique described in this paper is shown to be robust even in the presence of noise and has been tested on several data sequences using different subjects yielding …

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Mother Earth "Speaks": Change Yourself, Change The World, Use The Archetypal Energy "Harmony" As A Guide, Carroy U. Ferguson Jun 2010

Mother Earth "Speaks": Change Yourself, Change The World, Use The Archetypal Energy "Harmony" As A Guide, Carroy U. Ferguson

Carroy U "Cuf" Ferguson, Ph.D.

In relation to the Cosmos, we all, as human beings, live on this tiny planet we call Earth, a planet that supports and sustains life, as we know it. There are many different kinds of people, plants, and animals functioning in harmony with soil, air, and water--all linked to one another in a complex web of life to form one Earth community. Unfortunately, we often take this miracle and ecosystem of life for granted. When, however, we take the ecosystem of life too much for granted, Mother Earth "speaks," reflecting imbalances and dis-harmonies. When Mother Earth "speaks," her message is …

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Navigating Health Sources On The Internet: A Mixed-Methods Examination Of Online Consumer Reviews And Expert Text On Psychotropic Drugs, Shannon Hughes Jun 2010

Navigating Health Sources On The Internet: A Mixed-Methods Examination Of Online Consumer Reviews And Expert Text On Psychotropic Drugs, Shannon Hughes

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The Internet has provided an unprecedented opportunity for psychotropic medication consumers, a traditionally silenced group in clinical trial research, to have voice by contributing to the construction of drug knowledge in an immediate, direct manner. Currently, there are no systematic appraisals of the potential of online consumer drug reviews to contribute to drug knowledge. The purpose of this research was to explore the content of drug information on various websites representing themselves as consumer- and expert-constructed, and as a practical consideration, to examine how each source may help and hinder treatment decision-making. Methodology: A mixed-methods research strategy utilizing a …

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Communication And Collaboration In E-Science Projects: A Report From The 'Embedding E-Science: Designing And Managing For Usability' Project, Peter Darch, Matteo Turilli, Sharon Lloyd, Marina Jirotka, Grace De La Flor Jun 2010

Communication And Collaboration In E-Science Projects: A Report From The 'Embedding E-Science: Designing And Managing For Usability' Project, Peter Darch, Matteo Turilli, Sharon Lloyd, Marina Jirotka, Grace De La Flor

Peter Darch

No abstract provided.

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Shared Understandings In E-Science Projects: A Report From The 'Embedding E-Science Applications: Designing And Managing For Usability' Project, Peter Darch, Annamaria Carusi, Sharon Lloyd, Marina Jirotka, Grace De La Flor, Ralph Schroeder, Eric Meyer Jun 2010

Shared Understandings In E-Science Projects: A Report From The 'Embedding E-Science Applications: Designing And Managing For Usability' Project, Peter Darch, Annamaria Carusi, Sharon Lloyd, Marina Jirotka, Grace De La Flor, Ralph Schroeder, Eric Meyer

Peter Darch

No abstract provided.

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How To Make Linked Data More Than Data, Prateek Jain, Amit P. Sheth, Kunal Verma, Pascal Hitzler, Peter Z. Yeh Jun 2010

How To Make Linked Data More Than Data, Prateek Jain, Amit P. Sheth, Kunal Verma, Pascal Hitzler, Peter Z. Yeh

Kno.e.sis Publications

The LOD cloud has a potential for applicability in many AI-related tasks, such as open domain question answering, knowledge discovery, and the Semantic Web. An important prerequisite before the LOD cloud can enable these goals is allowing its users (and applications) to effectively pose queries to and retrieve answers from it. However, this prerequisite is still an open problem for the LOD cloud and has restricted it to 'merely more data.' To transform the LOD cloud from 'merely more data' to 'semantically linked data' there are plenty of open issues which should be addressed. We believe this transformation of the …

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Letter To Faa Administrator Re: Usair 1549 Crash, Paul F. Eschenfelder, Russell P. Defusco Phd, Richard Sowden Jun 2010

Letter To Faa Administrator Re: Usair 1549 Crash, Paul F. Eschenfelder, Russell P. Defusco Phd, Richard Sowden

Paul F. Eschenfelder

No abstract provided.

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An Introduction To Principles Of Ethics And Morality For Scientists And Engineers, Tom Murray Jun 2010

An Introduction To Principles Of Ethics And Morality For Scientists And Engineers, Tom Murray

International Dimensions of Ethics Education in Science and Engineering

Preface: This document is part of an NSF-funded project at the University of Massachusetts Amherst that is developing on-line case-based ethics curriculum for science and engineering disciplines. The on-line materials include a set of cases based on real events with international ethical dimensions , including the incidents leading up to the Bhopal chemical plant disaster, the reporting incidence of the SARS epidemic, and international regulation of genetically modified foods. Each case module has a description and supplementary resources including reference material; a set of interviews with fictitious stakeholders; and an on-line discussion forum structured to promote particular types of discussion, …

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Semantically Annotated Restful Services For Large-Scale Metabolomics Data Analysis, Ashwin Manjunatha, Paul E. Anderson, Satya S. Sahoo, Ajith H. Ranabahu, Michael L. Raymer, Amit P. Sheth Jun 2010

Semantically Annotated Restful Services For Large-Scale Metabolomics Data Analysis, Ashwin Manjunatha, Paul E. Anderson, Satya S. Sahoo, Ajith H. Ranabahu, Michael L. Raymer, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

No abstract provided.

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What The 2000 U.S. Census Tells Us About The Kenyan Diaspora, Martin Mbaya, Paulsen Mrina, Michael J. Levin Jun 2010

What The 2000 U.S. Census Tells Us About The Kenyan Diaspora, Martin Mbaya, Paulsen Mrina, Michael J. Levin

Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective

The 2000 U.S. Decennial Census produced profiles of Kenya-born and other Africa-born immigrants for the first time. These tabulations provide useful information about the counts and demographic, social, economic, and housing characteristics of Kenyans living in the United States. This paper compares the characteristics of the East Africa born with the U.S. born, as well as with all U.S. Blacks. Overall, the data show a classic brain drain in the emigration from the East African community as people relocate and settle down in the United States. The East African diaspora represents a crucial cross section of Africa's top minds in …

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The Data Conservancy: Science-Driven Information Science, Christine L. Borgman, Carole L. Palmer Jun 2010

The Data Conservancy: Science-Driven Information Science, Christine L. Borgman, Carole L. Palmer

Christine L. Borgman

The Data Conservancy –which is a National Science Foundation funded Datanet project with a diverse array of partners – embraces a shared vision: data curation is not an end, but rather a means to collect, organize, validate, and preserve data to address grand research challenges that face society. Key to the data conservancy approach is information science research on the data practices of the science domains. Three teams are conducting social studies of individual science domains. Prof. Carole Palmer of the University of Illinois will report on their comparative studies of multiple biosciences domains. Prof. Christine Borgman of the University …

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Key Knowledge Providers As Sources Of Business Innovation, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Carmen Merchán-Hernández, Irene Ramos-Vielba, Cristina Martínez-Fernández Jun 2010

Key Knowledge Providers As Sources Of Business Innovation, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Carmen Merchán-Hernández, Irene Ramos-Vielba, Cristina Martínez-Fernández

Manuel Fernández-Esquinas

Studies of innovation are giving increasing attention to the relationships that businesses maintain with different participants in the innovation process. It is generally assumed that interaction with other businesses, universities and government organizations can generate knowledge that will improve the ability to innovate. However, there is little evidence of the specific roles that businesses assign to partners with regard to the provision of knowledge for innovation activities. This paper presents results from research on the dynamics of Triple Helix networks, where such networks provide the basis for building innovation capacity for businesses in catch-up geographical regions. The principal assumption is …

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Case Study: The Eu-Us Dispute Over Regulation Of Genetically Modified Organisms, Plants, Feeds, And Foods, M.J. Peterson, Paul A. White Jun 2010

Case Study: The Eu-Us Dispute Over Regulation Of Genetically Modified Organisms, Plants, Feeds, And Foods, M.J. Peterson, Paul A. White

International Dimensions of Ethics Education in Science and Engineering

The EU-US Dispute over Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms, Plants, Feeds, and Foods case is a study of the divergence of regulatory standards for genetically modified plants, feeds, and food in the US and in European countries. It focuses on the European Union’s moratorium of approval of new genetically modified organisms and the World Trade Organization’s consequent ruling.

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Janus: From Workflows To Semantic Provenance And Linked Open Data, Paolo Missier, Satya S. Sahoo, Jun Zhao, Carole Goble, Amit P. Sheth Jun 2010

Janus: From Workflows To Semantic Provenance And Linked Open Data, Paolo Missier, Satya S. Sahoo, Jun Zhao, Carole Goble, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

Data provenance graphs are form of metadata that can be used to establish a variety of properties of data products that undergo sequences of transformations, typically specified as workflows. Their usefulness for answering user provenance queries is limited, however, unless the graphs are enhanced with domain-specific annotations. In this paper we propose a model and architecture for semantic, domain-aware provenance, and demonstrate its usefulness in answering typical user queries. Furthermore, we discuss the additional benefits and the technical implications of publishing provenance graphs as a form of Linked Data. A prototype implementation of the model is available for data produced …

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Provenance Management In Parasite Research, Vinh Nguyen, Priti Parikh, Satya S. Sahoo, Amit P. Sheth Jun 2010

Provenance Management In Parasite Research, Vinh Nguyen, Priti Parikh, Satya S. Sahoo, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

The objective of this research is to create a semantic problem solving environment (PSE) for human parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. As a part of the PSE, we are trying to manage provenance of the experiment data as it is generated. It requires to capture the provenance which is often collected through web forms used by biologists to input the information about experiments they conduct. We have created Parasite Experiment Ontology (PEO) that represents provenance information used in the project. We have modified the back end which processes the data gathered from biologists, generates RDF triples and serializes them into the triple …

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Global Warming: Myths & Realities, Dennis Jaynes Jun 2010

Global Warming: Myths & Realities, Dennis Jaynes

Social Sciences

The topic of Global Warming has been surrounded with controversy since it was first proposed. From evidence that has come from years of studies, a majority of the world’s governments and scientists are in agreement that the Earth’s global temperatures are warming. However, there are others who are skeptical of the science; they spread their message by trying to discredit the scientists or have even gone as far as to cover it up. The intent of this paper is to examine the myths and compare them side by side with the latest scientific data to determine what is real and …

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Fixing Recovery: Social Capital In Post-Crisis Resilience, Daniel P. Aldrich May 2010

Fixing Recovery: Social Capital In Post-Crisis Resilience, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

Disasters remain among the most critical events which impact residents and their neighborhoods; they have killed far more individuals than high salience issues such as terrorism. Unfortunately, disaster recovery programs run by the United States and foreign governments have not been updated to reflect a new understanding of the essential nature of social capital and networks. I call for a re-orientation of disaster preparedness and recovery programs at all levels away from the standard fixes focused on physical infrastructure towards ones targeting social infrastructure. The reservoirs of social capital and the trust (or lack thereof) between citizens in disaster-affected communities …

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The Digital Future Is Now: What The Humanities Can Learn From Escience, Christine L. Borgman May 2010

The Digital Future Is Now: What The Humanities Can Learn From Escience, Christine L. Borgman

Christine L. Borgman

As the digital humanities mature, their scholarship is taking on many characteristics of the sciences, becoming more data-intensive, information-intensive, distributed, multi-disciplinary, and collaborative. While few scholars in the humanities or arts would wish to be characterized as emulating scientists, they do envy the comparatively rich technical and resource infrastructure of the sciences. The interests of all scholars in the university align with respect to access to data, library resources, and computing infrastructure. However, the scholarly interests of the sciences and humanities diverge regarding research practices, sources of evidence, and degrees of control over those sources. This talk will explore the …

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The Office For Harmonization In The Internal Market: Creating A 21st Century Public Agency, Jane Fountain, Raquel Galindo-Dorado, Jeffrey Rothschild May 2010

The Office For Harmonization In The Internal Market: Creating A 21st Century Public Agency, Jane Fountain, Raquel Galindo-Dorado, Jeffrey Rothschild

National Center for Digital Government

(first paragraph) President Wubbo de Boer and his department directors, his top management team, prepared for critical meetings of the Administrative Board and the Budget Committee in the winter of 2010. The European Union’s trademark and design registration agency in Alicante, Spain, grandly named the Office of Harmonization for the Internal Market (Trade Mark and Design) (OHIM), had exceeded all expectations for the establishment of the Community trade mark (CTM) and the Registered Community design (RCD). The new agency also could be proud of impressive achievements in productivity and transparency since it began registering trademarks in 1996. Through productivity gains, …

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The Digital Archive: The Data Deluge Arrives In The Humanities, Christine L. Borgman May 2010

The Digital Archive: The Data Deluge Arrives In The Humanities, Christine L. Borgman

Christine L. Borgman

The data deluge has began to overwhelm the sciences, as instruments such as sensor networks and space telescopes are generating far more data than can possibly be inspected manually. Only digital tools can make sense of these vast volumes of data. As the humanities draw more heavily on digital archives, their scholarship is taking on many characteristics of the sciences, becoming more data-intensive, information-intensive, distributed, multi-disciplinary, and collaborative. However, the humanities typically lack the technical infrastructure available to the sciences. The scholarly interests of the sciences and humanities also diverge with respect to research practices, sources of evidence, and degrees …

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Meta-Level Institutions Impacting Ict Innovation In Developing Economies: Intellectual Property, Sarah Kerr, Richard Boateng Phd May 2010

Meta-Level Institutions Impacting Ict Innovation In Developing Economies: Intellectual Property, Sarah Kerr, Richard Boateng Phd

Richard Boateng PhD

Participation in the current informational economy is through innovation. Innovation is impacted by institutions, both enabling and constraining productivity. Meta-level institutions are increasing in significance with the inter-linking of national economies through processes of globalisation. Intellectual property (IP) and the digital commons (DC) are two meta-level institutions impacting information and communication technology (ICT) innovation in developing economies through increasing and decreasing innovation process transformation costs. Seen through a case study examination of the Simputer's innovation, IP motivates ICT innovation, by both acting as a normative institution and by offering economic rewards, decreasing transformation costs through increasing access to innovation inputs. …

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Scientific Restraint: The Balance Between Progress And Safety, Richard Bell May 2010

Scientific Restraint: The Balance Between Progress And Safety, Richard Bell

Senior Honors Projects

Mankind’s collective scientific and technological knowledge has progressed, and is progressing, at such a rate that humanity is now well within its means to bring about widespread devastation by its own devices. The high stakes of many projects in diverse fields of study, including those in nuclear, genetic, and biotechnical sciences, necessitates an analysis of how to decide if risky experiments are worth pursuing. This is not a matter, so much, of what safeguards we put into place in dangerous experimental environments, but rather how to weigh potential loss versus potential gain. Even in the best laboratories, disaster can strike, …

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