Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
- Keyword
-
- Agent-neutral (2)
- Agent-relative (2)
- Maximizing (2)
- Adaptive lag (1)
- Agent-centered restrictions (1)
-
- Agent-relative consequentialism (1)
- Appraisals (1)
- Chinese philosophy (1)
- Consequentialism (1)
- Constraints (1)
- Cooperation (1)
- Daoism (1)
- Deontology (1)
- Deontoogy (1)
- Desire to Affiliate (1)
- Ensuring (1)
- Evolutionary psychology (1)
- Gender (1)
- Gratitude (1)
- Indebtedness (1)
- Meta-analysis (1)
- Mismatch (1)
- Moral rules (1)
- Moral theories (1)
- Motivations (1)
- Norm of Reciprocity (1)
- Perceived Intentions (1)
- Sex differences (1)
- Social dilemmas (1)
- Supernormal stimuli (1)
- Publication
- Publication Type
Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Theory and Philosophy
Who Is A Wise Person? Zhuangzi And Epistemological Discussions Of Wisdom, Shane Ryan, Karyn Lai
Who Is A Wise Person? Zhuangzi And Epistemological Discussions Of Wisdom, Shane Ryan, Karyn Lai
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This essay articulates the contribution that the Zhuangzi can make to contemporary epistemological discussions of wisdom. It suggests that wisdom in the Zhuangzi involves, in part, correctly distinguishing the "heavenly" (or the naturally given) from human artifice. It is important for humanity to understand naturally given conditions (e.g., seasons, climate, forces, mortality) to grasp what is within, and what beyond, our initiatives. To enable this, we need to be openly engaged with the world, rather than approach it with rigid convictions about outcomes or goals. We characterize such openness and readiness to engage as an attitude, that of "epistemic humility." …
Deontic Constraints Are Maximizing Rules, Matthew Hammerton
Deontic Constraints Are Maximizing Rules, Matthew Hammerton
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Deontic constraints prohibit an agent performing acts of a certain type even when doing so will prevent more instances of that act being performed by others. In this article I show how deontic constraints can be interpreted as either maximizing or non-maximizing rules. I then argue that they should be interpreted as maximizing rules because interpreting them as non-maximizing rules results in a problem with moral advice. Given this conclusion, a strong case can be made that consequentialism provides the best account of deontic constraints.
Nudging Evolutionary Mismatched Behaviors: Implications For Social Psychology And Public Policy, Mark Van Vugt, Lianne P. De Vries, Norman P. Li
Nudging Evolutionary Mismatched Behaviors: Implications For Social Psychology And Public Policy, Mark Van Vugt, Lianne P. De Vries, Norman P. Li
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Evolutionary mismatch is an important concept in evolutionary social psychology and may play a significant role in accounting for numerous maladaptive choice preferences of humans living in evolutionary novel environments. Here we review evidence in support of mismatched preferences in the context of romantic relationships, work settings, politics, and healthy and sustainable lifestyles. In developing interventions to change mismatched preferences (e.g., via nudges or incentives), it is crucial to consider the constraints and opportunities of our evolved psychology.
To Thank Or Not To Thank: Understanding The Differences Between Gratitude And Indebtedness After Receiving A Favor Through Emotion Appraisals, Motivations And Behaviors, Ze Ling Nai
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Objective: This study aimed to distinguish between daily experiences of gratitude and indebtedness through three stages - emotional appraisals, motivations to reciprocate and behavioural tendencies. Through these three stages, I aimed to gain a better insight into the emotional process involved before and after receiving favours. Method: 196 participants were recruited from Singapore Management University to take part in a 14-day diary study. Every two days, participants were asked to report a favour they received over the past two days and evaluate the favour based on their appraisals of the experience. They were also asked to report their motivation to …
Book Review: Chinese And Buddhist Philosophy In Early Twentieth-Century German Thought By Eric S. Nelson, Steven Burik
Book Review: Chinese And Buddhist Philosophy In Early Twentieth-Century German Thought By Eric S. Nelson, Steven Burik
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Eric Nelson has written a very comprehensive study of the reception of Chinese and EasternBuddhist philosophy in Western thought, with a special focus on the German thinkers of theearly twentieth century. Nelson shows great erudition in bringing together a wide variety ofthinkers from both East and West, including importantly some lesser known, but very relevantthinkers from both the Western tradition and Eastern philosophy. Although Nelson focusesmostly on the encounters and interactions between German philosophers and Chinese thinkers,his aim with this commendable book is wider. Nelson employs the encountersbetween German and Chinese thinkers in the wider context of comparative and/or interculturalphilosophy, …
Distinguishing Agent-Relativity From Agent Neutrality, Matthew Hammerton
Distinguishing Agent-Relativity From Agent Neutrality, Matthew Hammerton
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The agent-relative/agent-neutral distinction is one of the most important incontemporary moral theory. Yet providing an adequate formal account of it hasproven to be difficult. In this article I defend a new formal account of the distinction,one that avoids various problems faced by other accounts. My account is based on aninfluential account of the distinction developed by McNaughton and Rawling. I arguethat their approach is on the right track but that it succumbs to two seriousobjections. I then show how to formulate a new account that follows the key insightsof McNaughton and Rawling’s approach yet avoids the two objections.
The Evolutionary Mismatch Hypothesis: Implications For Psychological Science, Norman P. Li, Mark Van Vugt, Stephen M. Colarelli
The Evolutionary Mismatch Hypothesis: Implications For Psychological Science, Norman P. Li, Mark Van Vugt, Stephen M. Colarelli
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Human psychological mechanisms are adaptations that evolved to process environmental inputs, turning them into behavioral outputs that, on average, increase survival or reproductive prospects. Modern contexts, however, differ vastly from the environments that existed as human psychological mechanisms evolved. Many inputs now differ in quantity and intensity or no longer have the same fitness associations, thereby leading many mechanisms to produce maladaptive output. We present the precepts of this evolutionary mismatch process, highlight areas of mismatch, and consider implications for psychological science and policy.
Comment On ‘Comparative Philosophy: In Response To Rorty And Macintyre’ By Zhu Rui, Steven Burik
Comment On ‘Comparative Philosophy: In Response To Rorty And Macintyre’ By Zhu Rui, Steven Burik
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The brief response by Rui Zhu provides an interesting take on the (by now) perennial problem of what comparative philosophy is or should be. While Zhu makes some interesting observations about and suggestions for comparative philosophy, he chooses contributions to the thinking about the possibilities and methodologies of [End Page 266] comparative philosophy that are rather old, though, and my first wonder is: why these two papers, and not more recent contributions to the development of the methodology of comparative philosophy, as can be found in numerous recently published work? Such more recent publications tend to take a more nuanced …
Is Agent-Neutral Deontology Possible?, Matthew Hammerton
Is Agent-Neutral Deontology Possible?, Matthew Hammerton
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
It is commonly held that all deontological moral theories are agent-relative in the sense that they give each agent a special concern that she does not perform acts of a certain type rather than a general concern with the actions of all agents. Recently, Tom Dougherty has challenged this orthodoxy by arguing that agent-neutral deontology is possible. In this article I counter Dougherty's arguments and show that agent-neutral deontology is not possible.
Attaining The Peak: Three Factors That Inhibit Performance, Marcus Marsden
Attaining The Peak: Three Factors That Inhibit Performance, Marcus Marsden
Asian Management Insights
The willingness of individuals and teams to experience the ‘discomfort of adaptation’, as opposed to the ‘comfort of learning’, is the crucial meta-factor in the drive to increase performance. Too much time and effort is spent on strategy and knowledge. This is not to say that strategy and knowledge are not important. However, the focus on looking ‘outside’ rather than ‘inside’ for performance solutions, while it may be more comfortable for everyone concerned, does not quite cut it. As Grashow and Heifetz state in The Practice of Adaptive Leadership, “The most common error organisations make is to try and solve …
Sex Differences In Cooperation: A Meta-Analytic Review Of Social Dilemmas, Daniel Balliet, Norman P. Li, Shane J. Macfarlan, Mark Van Vugt
Sex Differences In Cooperation: A Meta-Analytic Review Of Social Dilemmas, Daniel Balliet, Norman P. Li, Shane J. Macfarlan, Mark Van Vugt
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Although it is commonly believed that women are kinder and more cooperative than men, there is conflicting evidence for this assertion. Current theories of sex differences in social behavior suggest that it may be useful to examine in what situations men and women are likely to differ in cooperation. Here, we derive predictions from both sociocultural and evolutionary perspectives on context-specific sex differences in cooperation, and we conduct a unique meta-analytic study of 272 effect sizes—sampled across 50 years of research—on social dilemmas to examine several potential moderators. The overall average effect size is not statistically different from zero (d …