Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons^™

Does Gender Moderate The Relationship Between Surface Acting And Burnout?, Cynthia Kennedy

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Burnout occurs when the workplace has chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors that trigger emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and feelings of incompetence. There is a gap in burnout literature on how experiences, systemic expectations, and coping behaviors differ between females and males. Previous research suggests that comparable behaviors in male and female employees elicit different reactions from their peers. As a result, attributes such as assertiveness, generally perceived as powerful for males, are seen as abrasive for females. This mindset creates an environment where females act in a way that society expects them to remain credible. Surface acting involves the regulation of …

Perceptions Of Religious Accommodations In The Workplace, Kelsey Ciagala

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Although all forms of religious discrimination are understudied (Ghumman et al., 2013), we examined how Christian Americans, the dominant religious group in the U.S., perceive the fairness of religious workplace accommodations. We examined and two potential correlates of their perceptions: religious fundamentalism and prejudice towards outgroup religions. In one session, participants completed measures of religious fundamentalism and prejudice. Approximately three days later, they read three target and five filler descriptions of an employee requesting a workplace accommodation. Participants indicated how fair the request was to the employee, how fair the request was to the employee’s coworkers, how reasonable the request …

"So, Who's In Charge?!": Managing Differences In Perceived Leaders Among Volunteers, Sanaa Ahmed, Sheridan Trent, Acacia Hoffman

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Volunteers contribute greatly to the success of many organizations in the nation; this is especially true for nonprofit organizations that often find themselves stretched thin financially. Interestingly, although the importance of volunteers is generally acknowledged, there is little research investigating volunteers' perceptions of their leaders. When it comes to volunteers, expectations for leadership may be different than for employees. To address this gap in the literature, we take a step back and seek to understand the underlying nature of leadership for volunteers in nonprofit organizations. Studies have often bypassed the usefulness of qualitative research in examining new phenomenon. In an …

Mapping Core Processes Of Creativity To Teams: The Development Of A Behavioral Coding Scheme, Salvatore Leone

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

The study of creativity is of particular interest to modern organizations competing in a dynamic environment. Creativity is defined as the generation of novel ideas, solutions, and products that are both high quality and highly original (Amabile, 1996). Quality refers to the usefulness of the proposed idea, while originality refers to the uniqueness of an idea, and both standards must for high creativity (Mumford & Gustafson, 1988; Runco & Jaeger, 2012). Reviewing conceptualization of creative models, three core processes emerge: problem construction, idea generation, and idea evaluation. While much is known about how the three core processes operate at the …

Is There A Gender Bias In Creative Evaluations?, Payge Ehrp, Nadine Maliakkal

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Creativity has become an increasingly important skill in today’s world. Because society increasingly values creativity, it is critical that women and men are evaluated equally in terms of their creative output. Unfortunately, previous research indicates that men tend to be perceived as more creative compared to women. The present study investigates this phenomenon further by examining whether participants view the same exact ideas as more creative when they come from a man compared to when they come from a woman. To test our hypothesis, participants will be given a vignette scenario that poses an ambiguous problem. Participants will be given …

Experienced Sexual Harassment In The Military: Why Soldiers Aren't Reporting, Jacqueline Jaramillo

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

The prevalence of U.S. military personnel experiencing sexual harassment is a significant problem that must be addressed. Recent estimates suggest that 26% of female service members and 7% of male service members experience sexual harassment in the military (Bell, Dardis, Vento, & Street, 2018). One purpose of this study is to review the research to determine the extent to which the culture of reporting in the military influences why soldiers demonstrate a strong tendency to not report sexual harassment they have experienced. A second goal of this research is to explore the evidence for soldiers’ fear of retaliation for reporting …

The Effects Of Leader Support And Leader Gender On Subordinate Creative Problem-Solving Performance, Nadine Maliakkal

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

This research draws on role congruity theory to examine whether the well-studied relationship between leader support and subordinate creativity differs when the leader is a man or a woman. Utilizing Amazon Mechanical Turk participants, the research employs experimental vignette methodology to examine (1) whether high (vs. low) leader support results in better subordinate creative problem-solving, (2) whether subordinate creative problem-solving is better under male (vs. female) leaders, and (3) whether the positive effect of support on subordinate creativity is greater for male than female leaders.

If I Had Something To Add, I Would: Meeting Topic Competences And Participation, Isaac Lindquist

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Most employees participate in workplace meetings, and their experiences in the meetings can vary greatly, which can lead to positive or negative effects on both job attitudes and behavior. In this study, we examined the effect that a meeting attendee’s competence in the meeting topic had on their participation in the meeting and their perception of meeting effectiveness. Results indicated those with higher levels of competence in the meeting topic were more likely to participate and through participation found their meeting more effective, and this relationship was stronger when employee dissent in the meetings was high. Leaders should ensure that …

The Role Of Need For Cognition In Creative Thinking Processes, Vignesh Murugavel, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Victoria Kennel

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Expanding on past findings, we examined the effects of need for cognition on different cognitive processes of creative problem-solving. We assessed need for cognition (NFC) and creative abilities of 180 undergraduates in problem construction, idea generation, and idea evaluation tasks. Regression analysis was used to test the effects of NFC on measures of creativity. Our findings indicate that NFC positively relates to the core creative processes of problem construction, idea generation, and idea evaluation. The theoretical and practical implication of our findings are discussed.

Applicant Reactions To Gendered Wording In Job Advertisements, Sahra Kaboli-Nejad, Eric Scheller, Carey Ryan

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Women account for only 28% of the STEM workforce (Neuhauser, 2014). One contributing factor may be gendered wording in advertisements (e.g., the use of more masculine wording in male-dominated fields). Masculine wording may discourage women from applying for male-dominated STEM careers. Research has shown, for example, that participants perceive there to be more men in occupations that use more masculine than feminine wording in their advertisements, resulting in women finding the jobs less appealing (Gaucher et al., 2011; Horvath & Sczesnya, 2016).

The present research examined whether gendered wording in an advertisement for a male-dominated STEM career affects perceptions of …

Stress Experiences And Appraisals Influence Global Perspectives On Meeting Satisfaction, Emily Adams, Joseph Allen

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Meetings are inherently group activities, yet perceptions of meeting outcomes may vary by individual stress appraisal. This study explored the relationship between global meetings-related stressor experiences and meeting satisfaction as moderated by stress appraisals. Results are interpreted in light of occupational health theories and meetings science.

Experienced Sexual Assault In The Military: An Exploration Of The Organizational Factors Influencing Under-Reporting And Consequences When Victims Report, Medicine Flower Blue Star

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Sexual assault of both male and female service members is a pervasive and serious problem. In 2017, based on data from the U.S. Department of Defense, 5,200 service members reported sexual assault, representing a 10% increase from 2016. Scholars, military and government leaders are concerned that the prevalence of sexual assault is underestimated due to under-reporting. O’Brien, Keith, and Shoemaker (2015), for example, point to a 2013 report by the U.S. Department of Defense, which estimates that 67% of women and 81% of men do not report their military sexual assaults. One purpose of this study is to explore the …

Recovery Experiences Bridge The Gap Between Volunteering And Work Outcomes, Kaitlin Fosler

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

This study examined the relationship between volunteer work demands, recovery experiences, and work outcomes. The mental and physical demands of the volunteer work influenced the recovery experiences of psychological detachment and mastery. Further, mastery experiences positively impacted organizational commitment while both mastery and control positively impacted work engagement.

Modeling And Predicting Serious Cwbs Using Improved Analytic Methods, Benjamin Thomas, Kyle Kercher

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Research seeking to study and prevent serious forms of employee misbehaviors has been stymied by low incident rates and non-normal responses. Polychoric (cf., Pearson) correlation -based analytic methods offer solutions to these kinds of data. This 2-study (N = 172; N = 454) research provides support for these analytic methods in building models that distinguish serious and minor CWBs.

Meeting Lateness And The Effects On Employees In The Workplace, Kathleen Stibbs

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

A workplace meeting is an event or discussion that two or more individuals partake in with the goal of accomplishing work-related tasks. Half the time spent in meetings is wasted due to negative behaviors such as lateness. It is hypothesized that people who give an inadequate excuse for meeting lateness receive poorer outcomes/ratings than those who give no excuse, with an adequate excuse receiving the best ratings. An excuse can be considered inadequate in two ways: if another action was available and if it is considered unethical. A survey was administered to determine what feelings arise towards late individuals. Results …

Team Leadership Emergence And Team Outcomes, Ryan Royston

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Using sequential analysis, we observed how team problem solving and procedural communication differed by leadership (shared leadership, single leader, or leaderless). While all teams engaged in solution identification and elaboration, shared leader teams showed higher performance, and tended to draw more connections with solutions and engage in planning follow-up tasks.

Childhood Victimization Pathways And Violent Extremism, Michael K. Logan

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

The current study elaborates on childhood victimization as a nonideological risk-factor for participation in violent extremism. In particular, we focus on contextualizing the early lives of a sample of former members of violent White supremacist groups (n = 44). Data were collected through life-history interviews and analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. The findings indicate that there are three distinct victimization pathways characterize the early lives of our sample: (a) living in a dangerous family, (b) residing in a dangerous community, and (c) living in an unstable, chaotic family environment. These victimization pathways provide further insight into the …

The Influence Of Humorous Priming And Situation Type On Generation Of Malevolently Creative Ideas, Reo W. Newring

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Creativity is usually considered a positive attribute, but what happens when creativity is used to generate a harmful product? Malevolent creativity (Cropley, Kaufman, & Cropley, 2008) refers to a clever, original product with negative valence, or intention to harm. The purpose of the current study was to examine predictors of malevolent creativity, expanding on existing knowledge and exploring a new area, specifically humor. Humorous primes were used to evoke malevolence, in the form of dialogues between two cartoon characters engaged in highly aggressive, moderately aggressive, self-defeating, or neutral exchanges. Subjects were then provided with a hypothetical situation (problem) and asked …

Keep Calm And Meeting On: Meeting Professionalism And Stress, Kathleen Stibbs

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Purpose - Professionalism in the workplace can be a motivator for employees to be more attentive in their work. Without professionalism, employees may not have a positive image of their organization. Specifically, a lack of professionalism in meetings can elicit negative responses towards meetings and/or other attendees, which can lead to frustration and stress. Workplace meetings are common in nearly any organization, which makes achieving a greater understanding of meeting interaction and its impact all the more important. Consistent with Hobfoll’s conservation theory of resources, a lack of professionalism may elicit feelings of stress. The purpose of this paper is …

Intrinsic Motivation And Creativity: The Mediating Role Of Creative Self-Efficacy, Kasey Klatt

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

This research examines the relationship between intrinsic motivation and creativity and the mediating effect of creative self-efficacy in that relationship. Past research suggests domain differences in creativity and the relationship between creative self-efficacy and creativity. Therefore, we evaluated whether domain differences exist in this mediated relationship. Mediation analyses indicated mediation for four of the five domains of creativity from Kaufman’s Domains of Creativity. Creative self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between intrinsic motivation and creativity for the Artistic and Performance domains and partially mediated the relationship for Scholarly and Everyday domains. No evidence of mediation was found for the Mechanical/Scientific domain. …

Unpacking Divergent Thinking And Intelligence: How Factors Influence Creative Performance, Kevin S. Mitchell

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Creativity has gained increasing research attention with focuses on key individual differences and cognitive processes. Creativity is the production of novel and useful ideas, solutions, or products. There are many factors that can influence creativity, but two well-researched constructs are divergent thinking and intelligence. Both divergent thinking and intelligence have been shown to have a positive relationship with creativity. What is less known is how these factors operate to influence creative performance. To examine the possible mechanism by which these factors influence creativity, we utilize a cognitive process model; specifically examining problem construction. Problem construction is the process of defining …

Extra Curricular Activities: How Good Are They?, Sandra J. Vargas-Salinas 7799949

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

The goal of this research program is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the causes and consequences of college student stress, wellness, and engagement. Toward that goal, this study examined college student perceptions of the positive and negative characteristics of their experiences with extra-curricular and volunteering activities. Using an adapted version of the job demands-resources theory, we explored whether college students viewed these activities as resource-providing, where skills were developed and connections were built, or whether they were viewed as a demand in the service of merely building their resume. The study collected data from a variety of different college …

Cynical Towards What? Cynicism Towards Management And Cynicism Towards Diversity Training Differentially Relate To Post-Diversity-Training Measures, Danielle B. Rutz

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

We examined the role of organizational cynicism, that is, the belief that the management of an organization lacks integrity and cannot be trusted to provide truthful information (Dean, Brandes, & Dharwadkar, 1998). In the present research, we further developed our measure of cynicism, distinguishing between cynicism towards management and cynicism towards diversity training.

White participants (N=198; 55% female; M_age = 37.57, SD_age = 10.52) were recruited via MTurk for a study concerning impressions of diversity training. Participants responded to a cynicism measure and then read ostensible corporate memos that described the training as being supported by …

The Effect Of Leader Behavior On After-Action Review Outcomes, Kelly Prange

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Organizational safety concerns are a critical issue for firefighters. Interventions such as after-action reviews (AARs) may be implemented within firefighter teams to facilitate sensemaking and learning, as well as to foster safety norms. The current study investigated AAR leaders in a Midwest fire department and how their behavior improves individual perceptions of AAR quality, thereby influencing how firefighters perceive team and organizational safety norms. Building upon high-reliability organization theory and theories on the influence of leadership on culture, career firefighters were surveyed to test the mediation model. Results indicated that good AAR leader behaviors promote positive team and organizational safety …

Why Arriving Late To Meetings May Harm Workplace Relationships, Joseph Mroz, Nicole B. Lanowski

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Individuals often attend meetings at work to which at least one person arrives late. Building from attributional theories of interpersonal behavior, we conducted an experiment to determine the cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of people’s reactions to meeting lateness. Participants read one of eight experimental vignettes that described someone arriving 5 or 15 mins late to an important or unimportant meeting, after which the person who arrived late offered either a controllable or an uncontrollable reason for being late. Participants reported greater anger and a willingness to punish the late arrival who gave a controllable excuse, whereas sympathy and pro-social …

Volunteer Perceptions Of Upward And Downward Communication Facilitate Organizational Commitment, Kelly Prange

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Retaining productive volunteers is an essential issue nonprofit organizations face, as volunteers help extend the services of their target populations. The current study examined upward and downward communication and training as important volunteer management practices with respect to facilitating volunteer engagement and commitment. Using social exchange theory as a framework, the present study investigated the reasons why organizations should stress giving volunteers training and open communication and soliciting feedback from volunteers. Doing so may initiate a social exchange relationship in which volunteers receive training and communication from organizations and in turn become more engaged and committed to the organization. As …

Aware Of What? The Structure And Meaning Of Gender Aware And Blind Ideologies Across Gender And Race, Abigail M. Folberg

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Aware and blind ideologies concerning race (i.e., multiculturalism and colorblindness) have received considerable attention. However, few studies have assessed parallel ideologies about gender, gender awareness (GA) and gender blindness (GB). We examined the relationships of GA/GB to benevolent (BS) and hostile (HS) sexism and assessed the factor structure and measurement invariance of GA and GB across gender and race. Evaluation of the GA/GB measure indicated the presence of two factors (GA and GB) that were invariant across gender and race. Further analyses indicated that greater GA was associated with HS but not GB, whereas greater GB was positively associated with …

Volunteer Attrition: Reducing Incivility Among Coworkers, Sheridan Trent

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Although volunteers are vital to the success of many organizations, the rate of volunteerism in the US has been decreasing since 2002 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016). One reason volunteers leave organizations is due to feeling burnt out from volunteer work (Chen & Yu, 2014; Winefield, Xanthopolou, & Metzer, 2012). Although multiple factors have been found to induce burnout in volunteers, studies examining relationships among volunteer coworkers as a potential stressor are sorely lacking. The current study sought to examine coworker incivility as a predictor of volunteer burnout and turnover intentions using Conservation of Resources (COR) theory. COR theory postulates …

Influence Of Meeting Humor Styles On Meeting Satisfaction, Michael Yoerger

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Drawing from theory on humor styles, impression management, and workplace meetings, we developed a video vignette followed by a survey to examine meeting satisfaction. We began by investigating whether there were differences in meeting satisfaction based on differences in the type of humor utilized. We then investigated how individual differences in impression management affects the perception of affiliative and aggressive humor. We found that there were a variety of statistically significant differences in t-test comparisons of humor conditions utilized. Differences in impression management were not associated with differences in meeting satisfaction in the affiliative or aggressive humor condition. One finding …