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Experimental Analysis of Behavior Commons™
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- Gambling (37)
- Escape (8)
- Video poker (7)
- Slot machine (6)
- University students (6)
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- Discounting (4)
- Near miss (4)
- Pathological gambling (4)
- Addiction (3)
- Behavior analysis (3)
- Delay discounting (3)
- Preference (3)
- American Indians (2)
- Applied behavior analysis (2)
- Choice (2)
- Gambling frequency (2)
- Illusion of control (2)
- Impulsivity (2)
- Motivation (2)
- Slot Machine (2)
- Temporal discounting (2)
- Transformation of functions (2)
- Verbal behavior (2)
- Video Poker (2)
- Addic-tion (1)
- Adults (1)
- Alcohol (1)
- Anagrams (1)
- Annotated bibliography (1)
- Anticipatory stimulus present or absent (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 80
Full-Text Articles in Experimental Analysis of Behavior
Exploration Of Social Reinforcement For Gambling In Single Case Designs, Mack S. Costello, Bahijah D. Sheibanee, Anneka Ricketts, Jamie L. Hirsh, Neil Deochand
Exploration Of Social Reinforcement For Gambling In Single Case Designs, Mack S. Costello, Bahijah D. Sheibanee, Anneka Ricketts, Jamie L. Hirsh, Neil Deochand
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Social reinforcement could be a variable that facilitates gambling behavior. Unfortunately, there are relatively few studies examining the impact that contingent social stimuli can have on betting behavior. Using simulated slot machine games and confederates, we investigated possible maintaining social contingencies for gambling with four recreational gamblers. Results indicated a small effect from a social positive reinforcement contingency for betting more credits than the previous trial. Four additional participants were recruited to replicate the effects of social positive reinforcement when structural aspects of the game were also changed, such as sound, win magnitude, and credit value. Lastly, one participant returned …
Pigeons Choose To Gamble In A Categorical Discrimination Task, Nathaniel C. Rice, Elizabeth G. E. Kyonka
Pigeons Choose To Gamble In A Categorical Discrimination Task, Nathaniel C. Rice, Elizabeth G. E. Kyonka
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
In slot-machine play, near wins are stimuli that visually approximate winning stimuli but deliver no reinforcers. In two experiments, a categorical discrimination task was embedded in a concurrent chain to investigate how near wins affect preference for probabilistic versus certain food. Pecking in variable-interval initial links produced access to a fixed-ratio (FR) 1-FR 1-FR 1 chain. When all links were red, the chain was a “win” that produced access to food. A “clear loss” chain involved three green stimuli, and in a “near win,” key colors during successive FR 1 links were red, red, and green. In Experiment 1, the …
Considering Contingencies Of Gambling Research In Conjunction With The Behavior Analyst Certification Board Professional And Ethical Compliance Code, Mack S. Costello, R. Wayne Fuqua
Considering Contingencies Of Gambling Research In Conjunction With The Behavior Analyst Certification Board Professional And Ethical Compliance Code, Mack S. Costello, R. Wayne Fuqua
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
The issues that are the focus of this paper can be exemplified in two questions relevant to danger and validity in behavioral gambling research: Is there danger of reinforcing problem gambling behavior in experiments where gambling is a dependent variable? And, do reliable laboratory effects represent something key in development or maintenance of gambling problems, or have some other applied pragmatic value? Behavior analytic research is performed in an ethical manner, and the concerns of the above questions are typically minimized. The persistence of the questions is discussed, as well as the value of research in relation to behavioral treatments. …
Reel Outcomes As Discriminative Stimuli: A Case For Reporting Single Subject Data, Benjamin N. Witts, Mark J. Rzeszutek, Kaitlen Dahlberg
Reel Outcomes As Discriminative Stimuli: A Case For Reporting Single Subject Data, Benjamin N. Witts, Mark J. Rzeszutek, Kaitlen Dahlberg
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
While slot machine gambling research in behavior analysis is on the rise, we still have many unanswered questions. Exploring the putative discriminative functions a series of reel outcomes might have on the perceived likelihood of future success (i.e., winning) might prove useful in understanding what motivates gamblers to continue gambling despite losses. In the current study, undergraduate participants watched eight videos of five reel spins each of varying win and loss (including near-miss) outcomes. Participants then provided estimations of the likelihood of winning on five upcoming hypothetical spins. While participants viewed their chances of winning as poor, strategic placement of …
Initial Selection Between Simulated Slot Machines Is Allocated Toward Slot Machines With A Preferred Theme: A Brief Report, Benjamin N. Witts
Initial Selection Between Simulated Slot Machines Is Allocated Toward Slot Machines With A Preferred Theme: A Brief Report, Benjamin N. Witts
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Many factors influence a gambler’s responding with respect to slot machine selection, persistence in playing that machine, and repeated selections of that machine again on subsequent occasions. One potential area of influence over these responses that has received little attention in slot machine gambling research is slot machine branding. In this study, 7 of 8 participants allocated initial responding to a slot machine which was branded with a preferred, rather than non-preferred, theme, even though in some cases experience with payout percentages differed.
Annotated Bibliography Of Behavior Analytic Scholarship Outside Of Analysis Of Gambling Behavior: 2013-2015, Mack S. Costello, Seth W. Whiting, Jamie L. Hirsh, Neil Deochand, Taylor Spencer
Annotated Bibliography Of Behavior Analytic Scholarship Outside Of Analysis Of Gambling Behavior: 2013-2015, Mack S. Costello, Seth W. Whiting, Jamie L. Hirsh, Neil Deochand, Taylor Spencer
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Previous scholarly reviews have summarized behavior analytic gambling literature up to 2012 and have identified Analysis of Gambling Behavioras the primary journal for such scholarship. This article includes an annotated bibliography of behavioral literature centered on gambling and related issues published outside of Analysis of Gambling Behavior from 2013 to 2015.
Free-Operant Research In The Experimental Analysis Of Human Slot Machine Gambling, Benjamin N. Witts, Elizabeth Harri-Dennis
Free-Operant Research In The Experimental Analysis Of Human Slot Machine Gambling, Benjamin N. Witts, Elizabeth Harri-Dennis
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Since the pioneering days of the experimental analysis of behavior, free-operant methods have been the hallmark of a behavioral science because they permit investigators to track moment to moment changes in behavior rate. Behavior rate as a dependent variable is more sensitive to momentary changes than statistical analysis, discrete-trial arrangements, and between-subject examinations of aggregate data. In reviewing the gambling literature on slot machine studies, we found that none has focused on free-operant preparations. This lack of free-operant use is likely because of the limitations in designing a practical apparatus to study slot machine gambling through free-operant means. We provide …
Prize Volatility And Presence Or Absence Of Anticipatory Sitmulus Signally Reward As Predictors Of Electronic Game Machine Behaviour Of Gamblers, Timothy Gallagher, Chris Kohler, Richard Nicki
Prize Volatility And Presence Or Absence Of Anticipatory Sitmulus Signally Reward As Predictors Of Electronic Game Machine Behaviour Of Gamblers, Timothy Gallagher, Chris Kohler, Richard Nicki
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
This study investigated the effect of changes in prize volatility and presence or absence of an anticipatory stimulus signally reward on verbal ratings, playing behaviour, and biometric responses in casual and frequent electronic gaming machine (EGM) players. Biometric measurements of 129 participants were recorded while they played an actual EGM with money provided by the experimenters. However, only the data from 95 participants were analysed. Participants were first connected to biometric sensors to record their heart rate and galvanic skin responses, and completed a demographic questionnaire. All participants then played an EGM game for 10 minutes. After playing the EGM …
Editorial Comment: Agb Welcomes Stimulus Press, Llc, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Editorial Comment: Agb Welcomes Stimulus Press, Llc, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
No abstract provided.
Editorial Comment: Not So Crazy Eight!, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Editorial Comment: Not So Crazy Eight!, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
No abstract provided.
Experiential Gambling: Interactions Between Consumer Experiences, Emotional Engagement, And Behavioural Settings, Seema Bhate, Kevin Hannam
Experiential Gambling: Interactions Between Consumer Experiences, Emotional Engagement, And Behavioural Settings, Seema Bhate, Kevin Hannam
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
This investigation explores experiential gambling behavior by modifying the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework to build a theoretical model which examines the interactive nature of three variables, Experiences, Emotional engagement and Behavioral settings. Experiential motives such as Entertainment, Education, Esthetics and Escapism (Pine & Gilmore, 1999) are examined in the context of emotional responses (Mehrabian & Russell, 1974) of Pleasure, Arousal and Dominance (PAD) and how these responses interact with Open and Closed behavioral settings postulated by Foxall (1999) in the Behavioral Perspective model (BPM). Based upon a statistical analysis of 303 questionnaires, which collected information on gambling behavior in the North …
Validating The Gambling Functional Assessment-Revised In A Sample Of Probable Problem/Disordered Gamblers, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Heather K. Terrell
Validating The Gambling Functional Assessment-Revised In A Sample Of Probable Problem/Disordered Gamblers, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Heather K. Terrell
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
The Gambling Functional Assessment-Revised (GFA-R) was designed to measure whether the respondent’s gambling is maintained by positive reinforcement or escape. However, it has only been administered in samples dominated by nonproblem gamblers. One hundred five adult participants who scored three or more on the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) completed the GFA-R and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). Confirmatory factor analyses showed that a 15-item GFA-R demonstrated a sound factor structure. The internal consistency of the GFA-R subscales was good to excellent for both probable problem and disordered gamblers. Participants scored significantly higher on gambling for positive reinforcement than …
Slot Machine Near Wins: Effects On Pause And Sensitivity To Win Ratios, Tadhg E. Daly, Gordon Tan, Lincoln S. Hely, Anne C. Macaskill, David N. Harper, Maree J. Hunt
Slot Machine Near Wins: Effects On Pause And Sensitivity To Win Ratios, Tadhg E. Daly, Gordon Tan, Lincoln S. Hely, Anne C. Macaskill, David N. Harper, Maree J. Hunt
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
When a near-win outcome occurs on a slot machine, stimuli presented resemble those presented when money is won, but no money is won. Research has shown that gamblers prefer and play for longer on slot machines that present near wins. One explanation for this is that near wins are conditioned reinforcers. If so, near wins would produce longer latencies to the next response than clear losses. Another explanation is that near wins produce frustration; if so, then near wins would produce shorter response latencies. The two current experiments manipulated win ratio across two concurrently available slot machines and also manipulated …
Editorial Comment: New Additions To The Analysis Of Gambling Behavior, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Editorial Comment: New Additions To The Analysis Of Gambling Behavior, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
No abstract provided.
What Variables Predict Endorsing Gambling As An Escape On The Gfa-R?, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Katie B. Miller
What Variables Predict Endorsing Gambling As An Escape On The Gfa-R?, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Katie B. Miller
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
The present investigation attempted to determine what variables would predict participants’ endorsing of gambling as an escape on the Gambling Functional Assessment – Revised (GFA-R). Study 1 employed 224 university students as participants. Results of a hierarchical linear regression showed that responses on the GFA-R escape subscale were predicted by their GFA-R positive reinforcement subscale, Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), and South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) scores, but not by the risk factors of pathological gambling. Study 2, which employed 188 university students, replicated those findings and also found that participants’ self-reported locus of control and gambling expectancy scores, cumulatively, …
The Relationship Of The Gfa-R Subscales To Negative Consequences Of Gambling In A Sample Of Potential Problem And Pathological Gamblers, Jeffrey N. Weatherly Ph. D.
The Relationship Of The Gfa-R Subscales To Negative Consequences Of Gambling In A Sample Of Potential Problem And Pathological Gamblers, Jeffrey N. Weatherly Ph. D.
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Previous research with the Gambling Functional Assessment – Revised (GFA-R) has found that respondents endorse gambling for positive reinforcement significantly more than as an escape, but that endorsing gambling as an escape is more closely associated with potential gambling problems than is endorsing gambling for positive reinforcement. The present study attempted to replicate these results in a sample of potential problem/pathological gamblers. Data from 25 respondents who scored three or more on the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) were analyzed. These participants scored significantly higher on the GFA-R positive reinforcement, than the escape, subscale. However, only GFA-R escape subscale scores …
Comparing The Contingencies That Maintain Gambling Behavior In An Online Sample Of Younger And Older Adults, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Comparing The Contingencies That Maintain Gambling Behavior In An Online Sample Of Younger And Older Adults, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Age is a risk factor for developing pathological gambling. Endorsing gambling as an escape has also been associated with the disorder. The present study recruited 120 people either 21-24 years of age or 45 years of age or older so as to determine how age was related to the contingencies that maintain gambling behavior. Results showed that younger adults displayed more gambling problems, as measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index, than did older adults. Younger adults also endorsed gambling for positive reinforcement to a lesser extent and gambling as an escape to a greater extent than older adults, as …
Editorial Comment: Pursuing The Experimental Analysis Of Gambling Behavior, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Editorial Comment: Pursuing The Experimental Analysis Of Gambling Behavior, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
No abstract provided.
Using Unsolvable Anagrams To Induce Escape: Will It Increase Gambling Behavior?, Sarah G. Martner, Kevin S. Montes, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Using Unsolvable Anagrams To Induce Escape: Will It Increase Gambling Behavior?, Sarah G. Martner, Kevin S. Montes, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Previous research has found an association between gambling as a means of escape and pathological gambling. Likewise, previous laboratory research has found an association between gambling as a means of escape and participants’ gambling behavior. The present experiment had 41 participants play video poker in two sessions. Prior to one session, participants were asked to solve a series of solvable word puzzles. Prior to the other, they were asked to solve a series of unsolvable word puzzles. Consistent with previous research, results demonstrated that participants’ video-poker play was associated with their overall tendency to endorse gambling as a function of …
Probability Discounting In A Sample Of American Indians: Gambling As An Escape Predicts Discounting Of Monetary, But Not Non-Monetary, Outcomes, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, J. Douglas Mcdonald, Adam Derenne
Probability Discounting In A Sample Of American Indians: Gambling As An Escape Predicts Discounting Of Monetary, But Not Non-Monetary, Outcomes, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, J. Douglas Mcdonald, Adam Derenne
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
The present study investigated the relationship between measures of gambling and the process of probability discounting in a sample of participants from a population that has historically shown high rates of gambling problems. Thirty nine American Indian university students complete the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the Gambling Functional Assessment – Revised, and a probability-discounting task involving two monetary and two non-monetary outcomes. Consistent with results from previous research focusing on majority-population participants, severity of gambling problems was more strongly associated with endorsing gambling as an escape than with gambling for positive reinforcement. Endorsing gambling as an escape, but not for …
Evaluating Preference And Rate Of Gambling On Vedio Slot Machines, Mark R. Dixon, Jeffrey R. Miller, Seth W. Whiting, Alyssa N. Wilson, Allie M. Hensel
Evaluating Preference And Rate Of Gambling On Vedio Slot Machines, Mark R. Dixon, Jeffrey R. Miller, Seth W. Whiting, Alyssa N. Wilson, Allie M. Hensel
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Casinos increasingly are providing access to five-reel video slot machines and as a result are decreasing the use of traditional three-reel slot machines. Limited research has been conducted on the characteristics of play associated with video slot machines. The present study examined participant’s play on a five-reel video slot machine, comparing the number of trials played while wagering one credit on five lines versus five credits on one line. After participants were exposed to both conditions they were asked to choose their preferred condition. The results found that participants played significantly more trials while playing during the five credits on …
Gambling Behavior And Temporal Discounting Among Militaryaffiliated And Civilian Students, Kevin S. Montes, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Gambling Behavior And Temporal Discounting Among Militaryaffiliated And Civilian Students, Kevin S. Montes, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
The present study explored whether the contingencies maintaining gambling behavior differed for military-affiliated and non-military-affiliated students. It also tested for differences in how these groups discounted delayed outcomes. Three groups of students participated: Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) students (n = 36), students with a relative in the military (n = 62), and students with no relative in the military (n = 58). Participants completed the Gambling Functional Assessment-Revised and a delaydiscounting task. Results indicated that all participants’ gambling behavior was maintained primarily by positive reinforcement. Moreover, ROTC students scored significantly higher on gambling for positive reinforcement, and significantly lower …
Gambling In A Laboratory Setting: A Comparison Of Gambling For Positive Reinforcement Versus As A Potential Escape, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Katelyn Mari, Kevin S. Montes
Gambling In A Laboratory Setting: A Comparison Of Gambling For Positive Reinforcement Versus As A Potential Escape, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Katelyn Mari, Kevin S. Montes
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Research has shown that most individuals’ gambling is maintained more by positive, than by negative, reinforcement but that disordered gambling is more strongly related to gambling maintained by negative, than positive, reinforcement. Forty five participants were recruited to play video poker in two different sessions: one in which they competed for a $50 gift card and one in which they could play after trying to solve unsolvable anagrams. Higher measures of gambling were observed in the gift-card, than in the anagram, session, but none of the differences were statistically significant and the observed effect sizes were small. Participants’ annual income …
A Rat Model Of Gambling Behavior And Its Extinction: Effects Of "Win" Probability On Choice In A Concurrent-Chains Procedure, David N. Kearns, Maria A. Gomez-Serrano
A Rat Model Of Gambling Behavior And Its Extinction: Effects Of "Win" Probability On Choice In A Concurrent-Chains Procedure, David N. Kearns, Maria A. Gomez-Serrano
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Two experiments examined the effects of varying the probability of “wins” within a rat model of gambling. On a concurrent-chains procedure, rats could choose between a “work” lever on which a fixed 20 responses produced a food pellet or a “gamble” lever, where on some trials (“wins”) only one response was required for reinforcement while on other trials 40 responses were required. Despite the fact that the work lever was always associated with the higher overall reinforcement rate, rats frequently chose to respond on the gamble lever. The frequency with which rats chose the gamble lever varied as a function …
Editorial Comment: Turning The Corner At Analysis Of Gambling Behvaior, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Editorial Comment: Turning The Corner At Analysis Of Gambling Behvaior, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
No abstract provided.
Comparing Three Strategies Of Motivating Gambling Behavior In The Laboratory Environment, Jeffrey M. Peterson, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Comparing Three Strategies Of Motivating Gambling Behavior In The Laboratory Environment, Jeffrey M. Peterson, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
The present study compared three methods of motivating participants’ gambling behavior in a laboratory environment. Thirteen university students played in three sessions of video poker, which differed in whether participants were 1) asked to play “as if” gambling real money, 2) staked with real money, and 3) in competition with other participants for a gift card. Also measured was whether participants’ reported annual income would influence their gambling behavior under these conditions. Results showed that the number of hands played and the accuracy of game play did not differ across the different sessions. The number of credits bet, which is …
Discounting By Problem And Non-Problem Gambers When The Hypothetical Context Is Manipulated, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Discounting By Problem And Non-Problem Gambers When The Hypothetical Context Is Manipulated, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
The majority of the previous research on delay discounting in pathological gamblers has found that these individuals discount monetary consequences more steeply than do nongamblers. The present study attempted to replicate this effect, as well as determine whether changes in the context in which the discounting decision was made would differentially influence the discounting of non-gamblers and problem/pathological gamblers. Participants discounted $1,000 after being informed that their hypothetical annual salary was a certain amount. Participants then completed the discounting task a second time after being informed that their hypothetical annual salary remained the same, had been halved, or had been …
The Contingencies Controlling Gambling Behavior: A Preliminary Cultural Analysis In American Indian University Students, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
The Contingencies Controlling Gambling Behavior: A Preliminary Cultural Analysis In American Indian University Students, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Research on pathological gambling has suggested that the disorder afflicts American Indians at a greater frequency than the majority population. The present study investigated whether potential pathology and/or contingencies maintaining gambling behavior differed between 29 American Indian undergraduate students and 29 Caucasian students who were matched to the American Indian students in terms of sex, age, and grade point average. The American Indian participants scored lower on all dependent measures of gambling than did the Caucasian students, although several of the differences approached, but did not reach, statistical significance. The present results suggest that the increased rates of pathological gambling …
Do Scores On The Gambling Functional Assessment-Revised Predict Discounting Of Delayed Gains And/Or Losses In A University Sample, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Do Scores On The Gambling Functional Assessment-Revised Predict Discounting Of Delayed Gains And/Or Losses In A University Sample, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
The present study investigated whether participants’ scores on the Gambling Functional Assessment – Revised (GFA-R) would be predictive of their level of discounting of delayed hypothetical monetary gains and losses. One hundred twenty eight university students completed the GFA-R and a discounting task involving two hypothetical monetary amounts that were framed either as gains or losses. Participants endorsed gambling for positive reinforcement significantly more than gambling for negative reinforcement. They discounted losses significantly more than gains and displayed a magnitude effect for losses (the effect was not statistically significant for gains). GFA-R scores were significant predictors of discounting for only …
Video-Poker Play In The Laboratory: The Effect Of Information And Monetary Value On Rates Of Play, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Kevin S. Montes, Chase Rost, Daniel Larrabee
Video-Poker Play In The Laboratory: The Effect Of Information And Monetary Value On Rates Of Play, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Kevin S. Montes, Chase Rost, Daniel Larrabee
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Previous research has found that participants will risk more credits across a video-poker session when they are required to play the optimal cards than when they have complete control over the game, a finding that would seem at least partially inconsistent with the illusion of control (Langer, 1975). Forty-two participants were recruited to play video poker in two sessions, one in which the game informed them of the optimal cards to play and one in which it did not. The session length for some participants was limited by time and for other participants by the number of hands played. Some …