Psychology Commons^™

Policing Identities: Cop Decision Making And The Constitution Of Citizens, Trish Oberweis, Michael Musheno

Michael Musheno

Examines police decision making by focusing on stories from 10 officers & drawing together contemporary thought about identities & police subculture. The inquiry suggests that police decision making is both improvisational & patterned. Cops are moral agents who tag people with identities as they project identities of their own. They engage in raw forms of division or stereotyping, marking some as Others to be feared & themselves as protectors of society, while exercising their coercive powers to punish "the bad." Due, in part, to the many ways that they identify themselves, cops also connect with people as unique individuals, including …

Symbolism And Incommensurability In Civil Sanctioning: Decision Makers As Goal Managers, Jennifer Robbennolt, John Darley, Robert Maccoun

Robert MacCoun

No abstract provided.

The Costs Of Exclusionary Practices In Women's Studies, Maxine Zinn, Lynn Weber, Elizabeth Higginbotham, Bonnie Dill

Lynn Weber

No abstract provided.

A Conceptual Framework For Understanding Race, Class, Gender, And Sexuality, Lynn Weber

Lynn Weber

No abstract provided.

Scene Classification By Fuzzy Local Moments, H. Cheng, Rutvik Desai

Rutvik Desai

No abstract provided.

Parkinson’S Disease Disrupts Both Automatic And Controlled Processing Of Action Verbs, L. Fernandino, L. Conant, J. Binder, K. Blindauer, B. Hiner, K. Spangler, Rutvik Desai

Rutvik Desai

No abstract provided.

Raising Narcissists: What Over-Approving Parents Can Learn From Philippians 2, A. Thornhill

A. Chadwick Thornhill

No abstract provided.

A Class Explores: Dangerousness And Mental Illness, Leeann Bartolini

LeeAnn Bartolini

The Homeless Mentally Ill: A Class Explores, Leeann Bartolini

LeeAnn Bartolini

The Shaping Of A Saint-President: Latent Clues From Nelson Mandela's Autobiography, Abdulrazaq Imam

Abdulrazaq A. Imam

Nelson Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom provides evidence organized in the form of antecedent-behavior-consequence units, which suggest that a shaping process effected during his many years of incarceration best describes the origins of the outcome represented by the political order in South Africa following his release. The analysis shows that Mandela's radicalism at the start of his imprisonment on Robben Island changed into a saintly presidential aura in the end, through a systematic selection process that actively involved Mandela himself and his political aspirations. The saintly qualities ascribed to Mandela after his release by many around the world are consistent …

Integration Of Speed Signals In The Direction Of Motion, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese

Dawn L Vreven

Speed discrimination tasks were used to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of the integration mechanism involved when signals are extended in the direction of motion. We varied the aspect ratio of a signal patch whose speed differed from the background, while holding the area of the signal patch constant, so that the signal patch could be either extended in the direction of motion or extended orthogonal to the direction of motion. Speed discrimination thresholds decreased dramatically as the signal patch was extended in the direction of motion. The spatial and temporal integration regions were larger than would be expected …

Detecting Structure In Glass Patterns: An Interocular Transfer Study, Dawn Vreven, Jarrod Berge

Dawn L Vreven

Glass patterns are visual stimuli used here to study how local orientation signals are spatially integrated into global pattern perception. We measured a form aftereffect from adaptation to both static and dynamic Glass patterns and calculated the amount of interocular transfer to determine the binocularity of the detectors responsible for the perception of global structure. Both static and dynamic adaptation produced significant form aftereffects and showed a very high degree of interocular transfer, suggesting that Glass-pattern perception involves cortical processing beyond primary visual cortex. Surprisingly, dynamic adaptation produced significantly greater interocular transfer than static adaptation. Our results suggest a functional …

Interpersonal Perception And Metaperception In Nonoverlapping Social Groups, Thomas Malloy, Linda Albright, David Kenny, Fredric Agatstein, Lynn Winquist

Fredric C Agatstein

No abstract provided.

Adolescence, Emily Adler, Roger Clark

Emily S. Adler

Using Erikson's and Gilligan's theories of adolescent development, this paper presents a content analysis of the depiction of adolescent development in a sample of Newbery Medal winners and honor books. Some diversity was found among the major characters, but white males were overrepresented. Many of the characters underwent an identity crisis. Some passed through the identity versus role confusion stage; others, especially in the almost prototypical maleinitiation-rite stories, discovered ways to deal with nature (industry) which engendered a far clearer sense of self (identity). The major female characters experienced the two phases more or less simultaneously, but a similar fusion …

Children's Interpersonal Perceptions, Thomas Malloy, David Sugarman, Robin Montvilo, Talia Ben-Zeev

Robin K Montvilo

Children's interpersonal perceptions in an academic context were studied from the sociocultural perspective (L. S. Vygotsky, 1978). The authors predicted that with development, judgments of classmates would show increasing impact of the stimulus target (consensus) and decreasing impact of the perceiver's effect. A social relations analysis estimated perceiver and target effects. A 3-year cross-sequential design permitted study of age differences and longitudinal consistency of the effects. Children's interpersonal perceptions were consensual in middle childhood, and target effects increased with development, whereas perceiver effects declined. Target effects were more consistent than perceiver effects across a 3-year period. Target effects for behaviorally …

Authority Concepts Among Children And Adolescents In The Island Of Macao, Marta Laupa, Pamela Tse

Marta Laupa

We examined the reasoning of children and adolescents in the island of Macao regarding the bases of legitimate authority across social contexts. We asked 101 children in 3rd, 5th, and 7th grades to evaluate the authority of persons issuing commands to children in two events. In one, persons with varying combinations of authority attributes issue a command that resolves a turn-taking dispute between children in school. In another, persons with varying social positions issue a command to children to stop playing ball across three contexts: school, home, and a public park. Results show that, although young Macanese reason in many …

Dynamics Of Drug Use, Joan Rollins, Raymond Holden

Joan H Rollins

This paper analyzes data from interviews with167 drug users in the community, including age, sex, birth order, education, family constellation, age of first drug use and circumstances of first drug use. Initial drug use was usually a social experience, with considerable influence from peers. Usually initial drug use began with marijuana or alcohol. The majority of subjects had tried to stop using drugs, but most of them had been unsuccessful at the time of the interview.

Modernization And Status Change Among Aged Men And Women, Roger Clark

Roger D. Clark

This study investigates the differences between the relationship between elderly occupational status and modernization for men and women. Consonant with previous findings [1], it finds that economic development is associated with relative losses of elderly men in professional and technical occupations. Augmenting those findings, however, it finds an even stronger association between development and such losses for women. In accounting for the differences, several explanations are advanced and tested, using data from fifty-one nations.

Multinational Corporate Penetration, Industrialism, Region, And Social Security Expenditures, Roger Clark, Rachel Filinson

Roger D. Clark

This study examines the determinants of spending on social security programs. We draw predictions from industrialism and dependency theories, for the explanation of social security programs. The explanations are tested with data on seventy-five nations, representative of core, semiperipheral and peripheral nations. Industrialization variables such as the percentage of older adults and economic productivity have strong effects in models involving all nations, as does multinational corporate (MNC) penetration in extraction, particularily when region is controlled; such penetration is negatively associated with spending on social security. We then look at industrialism and dependency effects for peripheral and non-core nations alone. The …

Adolescence, Emily Adler, Roger Clark

Roger D. Clark

Using Erikson's and Gilligan's theories of adolescent development, this paper presents a content analysis of the depiction of adolescent development in a sample of Newbery Medal winners and honor books. Some diversity was found among the major characters, but white males were overrepresented. Many of the characters underwent an identity crisis. Some passed through the identity versus role confusion stage; others, especially in the almost prototypical maleinitiation-rite stories, discovered ways to deal with nature (industry) which engendered a far clearer sense of self (identity). The major female characters experienced the two phases more or less simultaneously, but a similar fusion …

Iatrogenic Symptoms In Psychotherapy , Charles Boisvert, David Faust

Charles M Boisvert

Although the mental health professions are effective in ameliorating personal distress, treatment can sometimes have negative consequences. The authors explore causal mechanisms for iatrogenic symptoms in therapy by discussing the process by which clients may be socialized into therapy and the potential impact that psychiatric labels and language may have in influencing clients' self-perceptions. The authors review research that has examined possible negative effects of psychiatric labels and then examine other forms of language, categorization, and conceptualizations that may contribute to negative effects in therapy. Iatrogenic symptoms may originate through the overreliance on a belief system within which therapists interpret, …

Leading Researchers’ Consensus On Psychotherapy Research Findings, Charles Boisvert, David Faust

Charles M Boisvert

We examined leading international psychotherapy researchers’ views on psychotherapy outcome research. Participants completed a questionnaire on which they rated level of research evidence for or against various assertions about psychotherapy processes and outcomes. Participants rated how confident they were that the assertions were supported by psychotherapy research. Strong, or relatively strong, consensus was achieved on several of the questionnaire items. Areas for which relative uniformity of opinion does or does not exist have potential implications for the teaching and conduct of psychotherapy and for the science–practice interface in psychotherapy. Additionally, consensus about psychotherapy findings can be used as a yardstick …

Looking At China’S Great Leap Forward From A Systems Perspective, Brandy Futrell

Brandy Futrell

China’s Great Leap Forward (GLF) campaign of 1958-1961 led by Mao Tse-Tung resulted in a horrendous famine that cost millions of lives. This paper examines the campaign from a systems perspective across the individual, group/societal, and regulatory levels. Looking at each level illustrates errors that explain how the GLF failed.

Psychology Library Guide, Mary Wilson

Mary Wilson

This library guide provides Kennesaw State University students assistance on researching issues in psychology using the resources of the Sturgis Library.

Psychology: Personality Theories, Mary Wilson

Mary Wilson

Welcome to the Psychology: Personality Theories Research Guide!

My name is Mary Wilson. Please contact me if you have any questions or if I can be of assistance!

The Death-Ego And The Vital Self: Romances Of Desire In Literature / Book Review, Barbara Schapiro

Barbara A Schapiro

Psychoanalysis and literary romance share much in common: both are concerned with desire, with elusive objects of desire, and with the dark, hidden, and fantastic dimensions of the human imagination. Gavriel Reisner’s The Death-Ego and the Vital Self explores the interrelationship of psychoanalysis and literary romance with original and often illuminating results.

Menstrual Expressions And Menstrual Attitudes, Terence Hays

Terence Hays

Women's responses to a questionnaire survery in a Northeastern U.S. college community are examined to determine whether usage preferences in menstrual expressions are systematically related to reported attitudes towards menstruation. While those women who use expressions with negative connotations tend to report negative attitudes, the converse is not true. A striking contrast is noted between familiarity and use of menstrual expressions and, in general, menstrual expressions are not consistently associated with or reflective of menstrual attitudes.

Awareness Of Peers' Judgments Of Oneself, Thomas Malloy, Linda Albright, Stan Scarpati

Thomas E Malloy

This research focused on children's awareness of peers' social judgments of them, age differences in accuracy attained, and the process by which accuracy is achieved. Children were accurately aware of peers' perceptions of them on behavioral, social status, and ability dimensions in Grades 1 through 6. Older children were more accurate than younger children, yet even the youngest children were able to accurately infer peers' judgments of them. In terms of process, the best fitting model suggested that academic ability affects both self and others' (i.e., teacher and peers') perceptions, and that self-perception is the basis for predicting others' judgments …

Agreement In Personality Judgments Within And Between Nonoverlapping Social Groups In Collectivist Cultures, Thomas Malloy, Linda Albright, Rolando Diaz-Loving, Qi Dong, Yueh-Ting Lee

Thomas E Malloy

The social context hypothesis states that people behave differently in different social groups because group norms and context-specific interpersonal relationships uniquely affect behavior. Consequently, a person who is a member of different, nonoverlapping social groups (i. e., the members of different groups are unacquainted) should be judged consensually on personality traits within each group; however, between groups there should be less agreement in judgments. This research focused on cultural moderation of the social context effect in two collective cultures (China and Mexico) with different norms for interpersonal relationships. Among Chinese, there was greater consensus in trait judgments within groups than …

Componential Analysis Of Interpersonal Perception Data, David Kenny, Linda Albright, Thomas Malloy, Tessa West

Thomas E Malloy

We examine the advantages and disadvantages of 2 types of analyses used in interpersonal perception studies: componential and noncomponential. Componential analysis of interpersonal perception data (Kenny, 1994) partitions a judgment into components and then estimates the variances of and the correlations between these components. A noncomponential analysis uses raw scores to analyze interpersonal perception data. Three different research areas are investigated: consensus of perceptions across social contexts, reciprocity of attraction, and individual differences in self-enhancement. Finally, we consider criticisms of componential analysis. We conclude that interpersonal perception data necessarily have components (e.g., perceiver, target, measure, and their interactions), and that …