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Articles 1 - 30 of 52
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Effectiveness Of Educational Interventions In Reducing Negative Attitudes And Stigmatisation Toward Patients With Anorexia Nervosa, Amy Bannatyne, Peta Stapleton
The Effectiveness Of Educational Interventions In Reducing Negative Attitudes And Stigmatisation Toward Patients With Anorexia Nervosa, Amy Bannatyne, Peta Stapleton
Peta B. Stapleton
It is frequently reported that clinicians across a range of professional disciplines experience strong negative reactions toward patients with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa (AN). As research consistently demonstrates fear of stigma is the most frequently cited reason explaining why individuals with mental illness do not seek treatment, the current study aimed to develop, evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two differing educational interventions, based on an etiological framing model, against a wait-list control. Participants were fourth-year medicine students randomly assigned to one of three conditions. A three-hour educational workshop was delivered to participants at the beginning of an eight-week …
Mood And Food Cravings In Overweight And Obese Australian Adults: Clues To Treatment In Food Diaries, Peta Stapleton, Wava Doyle
Mood And Food Cravings In Overweight And Obese Australian Adults: Clues To Treatment In Food Diaries, Peta Stapleton, Wava Doyle
Peta B. Stapleton
The objective of this study was to examine food diaries from 89 female overweight and obese adults participating in a treatment trial for food cravings. For two weeks prior to beginning treatment and for the duration of the four-week treatment, all participants were required to complete a daily food monitoring sheet or diary in real-time, indicating all quantities of food/drink eaten throughout a day and whether the item was a craving item for them. The diaries were examined for narrative statements and categorized with regard to common content, resulting in seven themes (Physiological; Enjoyment/Celebration; Missing Out; Reward; Wastage; Emotive and …
Proof For The Power Of Prayer?, Thomas Schwartz
Proof For The Power Of Prayer?, Thomas Schwartz
Thomas W Schwartz
Mindfulness meditation has been found in the research literature to promote a sense of well-being, quality of life, and even physical health among its practitioners. Does centering prayer have the same effects? A reflection.
Joint Attention And Word Learning In Ngas-Speaking Toddlers In Nigeria, Jane Childers, Julie Vaughan, Donald Burquest
Joint Attention And Word Learning In Ngas-Speaking Toddlers In Nigeria, Jane Childers, Julie Vaughan, Donald Burquest
Jane Childers
This study examines infants’ joint attention behavior and language development in a rural village in Nigeria. Participants included eight younger (1;0 to 1;5, M age=1;2) and eight older toddlers (1;7 to 2;7, M age=2; 1). Joint attention behaviors in social interaction contexts were recorded and coded at two time points six months apart. Analyses revealed that these toddlers were producing more high-level joint attention behaviors than less complex behaviors. In addition, the quality and quantity of behaviors produced by these Nigerian children was similar to those found in other cultures. In analyses of children’s noun and verb comprehension and production …
Early Verb Learners: Creative Or Not?, Jane Childers
Early Verb Learners: Creative Or Not?, Jane Childers
Jane Childers
No abstract provided.
Korean- And English-Speaking Children Use Cross-Situational Information To Learn Novel Predicate Terms, Jane Childers, Jae Paik
Korean- And English-Speaking Children Use Cross-Situational Information To Learn Novel Predicate Terms, Jane Childers, Jae Paik
Jane Childers
This paper examines children’s attention to cross-situational information during word learning. Korean-speaking children in Korea and Englishspeaking children in the US were taught four nonce words that referred to novel actions. For each word, children saw four related events: half were shown events that were very similar (Close comparisons), half were shown events that were not as similar (Far comparisons). The prediction was that children would compare events to each other and thus be influenced by the events shown. In addition, children in these language groups could be influenced differently as their verb systems differ. Although some differences were found …
Work Motivation, Personality, And Culture: Comparing Australia And India, Trishita Mathew, Richard Hicks, Mark Bahr
Work Motivation, Personality, And Culture: Comparing Australia And India, Trishita Mathew, Richard Hicks, Mark Bahr
Mark Bahr
The influences of motivation and personality in relation to performance have been examined extensively in the research literature, but there has been only limited attention given to the influence of these facets on performance across cultures. There is an increasing use of international resources and alliances aimed at better economic management in many global companies, but more needs to be known about how cultural issues are related to individual motivation, personality and perceptions of performance. Moreover, there are several theories of motivation, but the transferability of these theories to different cultures has been questioned. Thus, a model of motivation, personality …
Practical Application Of Emotional Freedom Techniques For Food Cravings, Peta Stapleton, Terri Sheldon, Brett Porter
Practical Application Of Emotional Freedom Techniques For Food Cravings, Peta Stapleton, Terri Sheldon, Brett Porter
Peta B. Stapleton
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) has been shown to have a lasting effect on food cravings, power over food and restraint ability, and ultimately results in weight loss. This paper discusses the approach utilised in a recent food craving clinical treatment trial (Stapleton, Sheldon, & Porter, 2012; Stapleton, Sheldon, Porter, & Whitty, 2011), and highlights the case of a single participant. Sessions are described in detail and specific recommendations are made for the application of EFT to food cravings in overweight and obese individuals.
The Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction On Nurse Stress And Burnout: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study, Joanne Cohen-Katz, Susan Wiley, Terry Capuano, Debra Baker, Shauna Shapiro
The Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction On Nurse Stress And Burnout: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study, Joanne Cohen-Katz, Susan Wiley, Terry Capuano, Debra Baker, Shauna Shapiro
Terry A Capuano MBA, MSN, RN, FACHE, NE-BC
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction On Nurse Stress And Burnout: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study, Part Iii, Joanne Cohen-Katz, Susan Wiley, Terry Capuano, Debra Baker, Lynn Deitrick, Shauna Shapiro
The Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction On Nurse Stress And Burnout: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study, Part Iii, Joanne Cohen-Katz, Susan Wiley, Terry Capuano, Debra Baker, Lynn Deitrick, Shauna Shapiro
Terry A Capuano MBA, MSN, RN, FACHE, NE-BC
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction On Nurse Stress And Burnout, Part Ii: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study, Joanne Cohen-Katz, Susan Wiley, Terry Capuano, Debra Baker, Sharon Kimmel, Shauna Shapiro
The Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction On Nurse Stress And Burnout, Part Ii: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study, Joanne Cohen-Katz, Susan Wiley, Terry Capuano, Debra Baker, Sharon Kimmel, Shauna Shapiro
Terry A Capuano MBA, MSN, RN, FACHE, NE-BC
No abstract provided.
Ray Chin's Labyrinth Making Workshop July 13, 2013, Donna Zucker
Ray Chin's Labyrinth Making Workshop July 13, 2013, Donna Zucker
Donna M. Zucker
July 13 Ray Chin joined the Labyrinth Connection of Western Massachusetts to conduct a day long workshop on Labyrinth making. Our day concluded with the production of a new labyrinth and a special blessing by Ray utilizing a Kyudo demonstration.
心态决定国运 (Attitude Determines National Destiny), Shanghai, China: Oriental Morning Post, July 11, 2013., Zheng Wang
心态决定国运 (Attitude Determines National Destiny), Shanghai, China: Oriental Morning Post, July 11, 2013., Zheng Wang
Zheng Wang
No abstract provided.
Ensuring Ethical Practice: Guidelines For Mental Health Counselors In Private Practice, Cecile Brennan
Ensuring Ethical Practice: Guidelines For Mental Health Counselors In Private Practice, Cecile Brennan
Cecile Brennan
Since mental health counselors in private practice often work in relative isolation, it is especially important that they attend to ethical issues. This article reviews four dimensions of ethical knowledge: the foundation of ethical actions, counselors as agents of ethical action, the need to establish a decision-making process, and the importance of sustaining ethical practice by keeping current with clinical developments and attending to their own well-being.
Problem Gambling Among International And Domestic University Students In Australia: Who Is At Risk?, Susan Moore, Anna Thomas, Sudhir Kale, Mark Spence, Natalina Zlatevska, Petra Staiger, Joseph Graffam, Michael Kyrios
Problem Gambling Among International And Domestic University Students In Australia: Who Is At Risk?, Susan Moore, Anna Thomas, Sudhir Kale, Mark Spence, Natalina Zlatevska, Petra Staiger, Joseph Graffam, Michael Kyrios
Mark Spence
Young people are a high risk group for gambling problems and university (college) students fall into that category. Given the high accessibility of gambling in Australia and its association with entertainment, students from overseas countries, particularly those where gambling is restricted or illegal, may be particularly vulnerable. This study examines problem gambling and its correlates among international and domestic university students using a sample of 836 domestic students (286 males; 546 females); and 764 international students (369 males; 396 females) at three Australian universities. Our findings indicate that although most students gamble infrequently, around 5 % of students are problem …
Revisiting The Multicultural Experience-Creativity Link: The Effects Of Cultural Distance And Comparison Mindset, Chi-Ying Cheng, Angela K.-Y. Leung
Revisiting The Multicultural Experience-Creativity Link: The Effects Of Cultural Distance And Comparison Mindset, Chi-Ying Cheng, Angela K.-Y. Leung
Ka Yee Angela LEUNG
A growing literature provides evidence for the multicultural experience-creativity link such that exposure to the juxtaposition of two cultures facilitates individual creativity. The underlying mechanisms for this relationship, however, are still far from being well explored. Drawing upon the novel perspective of motivated cognition, we hypothesize that two factors interact to affect creative outcomes: (a) perceived cultural distance between the two juxtaposed cultures, and (b) comparison mind-sets. Specifically, we argue that individuals’ creative performance will be increased only when a difference mind-set is employed to process the cultural stimuli that are sufficiently different from each other. In two studies, individuals …
Age And Gender Effects On The Assessment Of Spirituality And Religious Sentiments (Aspires) Scale: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Nathan Gehlert, Tucker Brown, Tianzhi Chen, Ralph Piedmont
Age And Gender Effects On The Assessment Of Spirituality And Religious Sentiments (Aspires) Scale: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Nathan Gehlert, Tucker Brown, Tianzhi Chen, Ralph Piedmont
Nathan C. Gehlert
Research literature suggests that there are age and gender effects on numinous constructs, but little is known about how spirituality and religiousness evolve over time and differ between genders. The purpose of this study was to determine whether observed gender and age effects would be evidenced on the Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) and whether the underlying factor structure of the ASPIRES was consistent across age and gender groups. These sample data (N = 1,534 women and 697 men) demonstrated that (a) there are significant age and gender effects on the ASPIRES scales, and (b) the underlying factor …
Cognitive Versus Technical Debriefing After Simulation Training, William Bond, Lynn Deitrick, Mary Eberhardt, Gavin Barr, Bryan Kane, Charles Worrilow, Pat Croskerry
Cognitive Versus Technical Debriefing After Simulation Training, William Bond, Lynn Deitrick, Mary Eberhardt, Gavin Barr, Bryan Kane, Charles Worrilow, Pat Croskerry
Bryan G Kane MD
No abstract provided.
Differentiating Among Three Measures Of Career Preference, James Brodzinski, Robert Scherer, Karen Goyer, Frank Wiebe
Differentiating Among Three Measures Of Career Preference, James Brodzinski, Robert Scherer, Karen Goyer, Frank Wiebe
James D Brodzinski
Previous research in career psychology has used measures of education and training aspirations, career-entry expectations, and career task self-efficacy as indicators of career preference. However, many studies use only one or pairs of these variables. The current investigation established that these three measures could be distinguished from one another and were reliable and had a stable factor structure. A proposal encourages research workers to use all three measures concurrently to obtain a more holistic perspective on development of preference.
The Shaping Of A Saint-President: Latent Clues From Nelson Mandela's Autobiography, Abdulrazaq Imam
The Shaping Of A Saint-President: Latent Clues From Nelson Mandela's Autobiography, Abdulrazaq Imam
Abdulrazaq A. Imam
Nelson Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom provides evidence organized in the form of antecedent-behavior-consequence units, which suggest that a shaping process effected during his many years of incarceration best describes the origins of the outcome represented by the political order in South Africa following his release. The analysis shows that Mandela's radicalism at the start of his imprisonment on Robben Island changed into a saintly presidential aura in the end, through a systematic selection process that actively involved Mandela himself and his political aspirations. The saintly qualities ascribed to Mandela after his release by many around the world are consistent …
Introduction To The Special Issue: Preparing The Next Generation Of School Psychologists: Emerging Challenges And Opportunities, Ryan Allen, Timothy Hanchon
Introduction To The Special Issue: Preparing The Next Generation Of School Psychologists: Emerging Challenges And Opportunities, Ryan Allen, Timothy Hanchon
Ryan A. Allen
An introduction is presented in which the editors discuss several topics appearing elsewhere in the issue, including information on how school psychologists adjust to demographic changes, psychology practitioners and the delivery of services to autistic students, and school mental health services.
What Can We Learn From School-Based Emotional Disturbance Assessment Practices? Implications For Practice And Preparation In School Psychology, Ryan Allen, Timothy Hanchon
What Can We Learn From School-Based Emotional Disturbance Assessment Practices? Implications For Practice And Preparation In School Psychology, Ryan Allen, Timothy Hanchon
Ryan A. Allen
The federal definition of emotional disturbance (ED) provides limited guidance to educational professionals charged with making Individuals with Disabilities in Education Improvement Act eligibility determinations. Despite calls to revise the definition, the ED category remains largely unchanged nearly four decades after being codified into federal law. To navigate the vague, ambiguous, and outdated eligibility criteria, school psychologists must adhere to comprehensive assessment strategies whenever an ED placement is considered. In this study, we examined the ED assessment practices of 214 school psychologists. The results indicated that respondents all too frequently relied on only select sources of data (e.g., behavior rating …
Law Enforcement Preferences For Ptsd Treatment And Crisis Management Alternatives, Carolyn Becker, Glenn Meyer, John Price, Melissa Graham, Ashley Arsena, David Armstrong, Elizabeth Ramon
Law Enforcement Preferences For Ptsd Treatment And Crisis Management Alternatives, Carolyn Becker, Glenn Meyer, John Price, Melissa Graham, Ashley Arsena, David Armstrong, Elizabeth Ramon
Carolyn Becker
Evidence-based treatments (EBT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remain underutilized. Analog research, however, indicates that patients may be more amenable to receiving EBT for PTSD than utilization rates suggest. This study sought to extend previous studies by investigating PTSD treatment preferences among law enforcement individuals (i.e., active duty officers, cadets, criminal justice students). We asked 379 participants, with varying trauma histories, to read a police traumatic event and imagine they had developed PTSD. Participants rated the credibility of six treatment options which they might encounter in a treatment setting, and chose their most and least preferred treatments. Next, they evaluated …
Peer-Facilitated Cognitive Dissonance Versus Healthy Weight Eating Disorders Prevention: A Randomized Comparison, Carolyn Becker, Chantale Wilson, Allison Williams, Mackenzie Kelly, Leda Mcdaniel, Joanna Elmquist
Peer-Facilitated Cognitive Dissonance Versus Healthy Weight Eating Disorders Prevention: A Randomized Comparison, Carolyn Becker, Chantale Wilson, Allison Williams, Mackenzie Kelly, Leda Mcdaniel, Joanna Elmquist
Carolyn Becker
Research supports the efficacy of both cognitive dissonance (CD) and healthy weight (HW) eating disorders prevention, and indicates that CD can be delivered by peer-facilitators, which facilitates dissemination. This study investigated if peer-facilitators can deliver HW when it is modified for their use and extended follow-up of peer-facilitated CD as compared to previous trials. Based on pilot data, we modified HW (MHW) to facilitate peer delivery, elaborate benefits of the healthy-ideal, and place greater emphasis on consuming nutrient dense foods. Female sorority members (N=106) were randomized to either two 2-hour sessions of CD or MHW. Participants completed assessment pre- and …
Peer Facilitated Eating Disorder Prevention: A Randomized Effectiveness Trial Of Cognitive Dissonance And Media Advocacy, Carolyn Becker, Lisa Smith, Anna Ciao
Peer Facilitated Eating Disorder Prevention: A Randomized Effectiveness Trial Of Cognitive Dissonance And Media Advocacy, Carolyn Becker, Lisa Smith, Anna Ciao
Carolyn Becker
This study investigated the effectiveness of two interventions in reducing eating disorder risk factors under naturalistic conditions in sororities. Based on previous research, the campus sororities chose to implement a semi-mandatory, two-session eating disorder prevention program to all new sorority members (N=90) during sorority orientation. To facilitate evaluation, sororities agreed to random assignment of new members to either a cognitive dissonance or media advocacy intervention. Undergraduate peer facilitators ran the groups. Although both interventions had an effect, cognitive dissonance generally was superior at eight-month followup. Results further support the utility of cognitive dissonance in reducing eating disorder risk factors, and …
Effectiveness Of Peer-Led Eating Disorders Prevention: A Replication Trial, Carolyn Becker, Stephanie Bull, Katherine Schaumberg, Adele Cauble, Amanda Franco
Effectiveness Of Peer-Led Eating Disorders Prevention: A Replication Trial, Carolyn Becker, Stephanie Bull, Katherine Schaumberg, Adele Cauble, Amanda Franco
Carolyn Becker
The aim of this study was to replicate and extend results of a previous trial that investigated the effectiveness of two peer-led eating disorders prevention interventions on reducing eating disorder risk factors in undergraduate women (Becker, Smith & Ciao, 2006). In order to extend findings from the previous study by allowing for investigation of differential response, we randomly assigned a larger sample of both higher- and lower-risk sorority members (N = 188; age M = 18.64, range = 18-21; 20% minority) to either a cognitive dissonance (CD) or a media advocacy (MA) intervention under naturalistic conditions. Interventions were delivered by …
A Survey Of Psychologists’ Attitudes Towards And Utilization Of Exposure Therapy For Ptsd, Carolyn Becker, Claudia Zayfert, Emily Anderson
A Survey Of Psychologists’ Attitudes Towards And Utilization Of Exposure Therapy For Ptsd, Carolyn Becker, Claudia Zayfert, Emily Anderson
Carolyn Becker
Although research supports the efficacy of exposure therapy for PTSD, some evidence suggests that exposure is under-utilized in general clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to assess licensed psychologists’ use of imaginal exposure for PTSD and to investigate perceived barriers to its implementation. A total of 852 psychologists from 3 states were randomly selected and surveyed. An additional 50 members of a trauma special interest group of a national behavior therapy organization were also surveyed. The main survey results indicate that a large majority of licensed doctoral level psychologists do not report use of exposure therapy to treat …
An Analogue Study Of Patient Preferences For Exposure Versus Alternative Treatments For Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Carolyn Becker, Ellen Darius, Katherine Schaumberg
An Analogue Study Of Patient Preferences For Exposure Versus Alternative Treatments For Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Carolyn Becker, Ellen Darius, Katherine Schaumberg
Carolyn Becker
Although several efficacious treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) exist, these treatments are currently underutilized in clinical practice. To address this issue, research must better identify barriers to dissemination of these treatments. This study investigated patient preferences for PTSD treatment given a wide range of treatment options in an analogue sample. One hundred and sixty individuals, with varying degrees of trauma history, were asked to imagine themselves undergoing a trauma, developing PTSD, and seeking treatment. Participants evaluated seven different treatment descriptions which depicted treatment options that they might encounter in a clinical setting. Participants rated their most and least preferred …
Reducing Eating Disorder Risk Factors In Sorority Members: A Randomized Trial, Carolyn Becker, Lisa Smith, Anna Ciao
Reducing Eating Disorder Risk Factors In Sorority Members: A Randomized Trial, Carolyn Becker, Lisa Smith, Anna Ciao
Carolyn Becker
Although sororities are often perceived as contributing to eating disordered behavior, limited research has investigated eating disorders in sorority members. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of a highly interactive cognitive dissonance prevention program in reducing empirically supported risk factors in sorority members. Members (n=149) were randomized to the highly interactive intervention, a more passive intervention, or waitlist. Results indicated that both interventions reduced dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder pathology. Only the highly interactive group reduced thin-ideal internalization as compared to waitlist. Exploratory analyses also indicated that interventions were beneficial to both lower- and …
Integration Of Speed Signals In The Direction Of Motion, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese
Integration Of Speed Signals In The Direction Of Motion, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese
Dawn L Vreven
Speed discrimination tasks were used to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of the integration mechanism involved when signals are extended in the direction of motion. We varied the aspect ratio of a signal patch whose speed differed from the background, while holding the area of the signal patch constant, so that the signal patch could be either extended in the direction of motion or extended orthogonal to the direction of motion. Speed discrimination thresholds decreased dramatically as the signal patch was extended in the direction of motion. The spatial and temporal integration regions were larger than would be expected …